{"id":47306,"date":"2025-07-07T11:51:17","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T06:21:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=47306"},"modified":"2025-07-09T16:55:02","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T11:25:02","slug":"gnip-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%aa-%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs-hindi\/07-07-2025\/gnip-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%aa-%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%a8","title":{"rendered":"GNIP \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS1\/\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f (GNIP) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 (EIA) \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0914\u0930 2004 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0936\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GNIP \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a (GNI) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938-\u0936\u093f\u092a\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f, \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0921\u094d\u0921\u093e, \u091f\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0914\u0930 450 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f-\u090f\u0902\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930 (MVA) \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f, \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 (NGT) \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2004 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0940-\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0925\u093e\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0905\u0902\u0921\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 &#8220;\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923&#8221; \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong> \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f, \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u091f\u0932, \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ebbcb2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1023\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a.png\" alt=\"\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-47324\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ebbcb2; width:454px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a.png 1023w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a-768x487.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u091f\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0925\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u093f\u0925\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u092f\u0930 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 (faults) \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u092a\u093f\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930:<\/strong> \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"bcaea6\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/GNIP-\u0915\u0947-\u0932\u093f\u090f-\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a-\u0915\u093e-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928.png\" alt=\"GNIP \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928\" class=\"has-transparency wp-image-47323\" style=\"--dominant-color: #bcaea6; width:380px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/GNIP-\u0915\u0947-\u0932\u093f\u090f-\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a-\u0915\u093e-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928.png 640w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/GNIP-\u0915\u0947-\u0932\u093f\u090f-\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a-\u0915\u093e-\u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928-300x203.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 (seismic waves) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932:<\/strong> \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b 0 \u0938\u0947 10 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932:<\/strong> \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938 (\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u091f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00a0\u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938 (Body Waves):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a0\u0938\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938 (Surface Waves):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0921 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P-\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0928 (compressional) \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f (longitudinal) \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0920\u094b\u0938, \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S-\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 (\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 (transverse) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0915\u0923 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 shear stress \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d5d5d7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940-\u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938-\u0915\u0947-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930.png\" alt=\"\u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-47325\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d5d5d7; width:489px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940-\u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938-\u0915\u0947-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930.png 960w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940-\u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938-\u0915\u0947-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940-\u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938-\u0915\u0947-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930-768x375.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 58.6% \u092d\u0942\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u091f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zone V:<\/strong> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (~11%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zone IV:<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e (~18%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zone III:<\/strong> \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e (~30%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zone II<\/strong>:\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e0e3d9\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"542\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924-\u092e\u0947\u0902-\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a-\u0915\u0940-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e.png\" alt=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-47322\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e0e3d9; width:399px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924-\u092e\u0947\u0902-\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a-\u0915\u0940-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e.png 542w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924-\u092e\u0947\u0902-\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a-\u0915\u0940-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e-300x260.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/environment-impact-study-for-great-nicobar-project-downplays-earthquake-risk\/article69777674.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f (GNIP) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 (EIA) \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0914\u0930 2004 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0936\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">GNIP \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a (GNI) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938-\u0936\u093f\u092a\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f, \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0921\u094d\u0921\u093e, \u091f\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0914\u0930 450 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f-\u090f\u0902\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930 (MVA) \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1861],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs-hindi"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47306"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47357,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47306\/revisions\/47357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}