{"id":45818,"date":"2025-06-20T21:21:09","date_gmt":"2025-06-20T15:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=45818"},"modified":"2025-07-16T18:33:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T13:03:58","slug":"news-in-short-20-06-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/20-06-2025\/news-in-short-20-06-2025","title":{"rendered":"News In Short-20-06-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>ASI to Host International Conclave to Decode Indus Valley script<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Ancient History<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The<strong> Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)<\/strong> will host a three-day international brainstorming conference in August on ways to <strong>decipher the Indus Valley script.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Indus Valley Civilisation<\/strong> was <strong>discovered more than a 100 years ago in 1921<\/strong> <strong>at Harappa<\/strong>, and was formally announced to the world <strong>in 1924 by John Marshall, <\/strong>the <strong>then Director-General of the ASI.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Indus Script<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The first official report on excavations at Mohenjo-daro, in <strong>1931 <\/strong>had a section on the <strong>\u2018Indus Script\u2019<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This script has attracted and fascinated a number of archaeologists, epigraphists, scientists, and many others who have made sincere attempts to solve its riddles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"817066\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Indus-Script-1-1024x576.png\" alt=\"indus script\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-45832\" style=\"--dominant-color: #817066; width:528px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Indus-Script-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Indus-Script-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Indus-Script-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Indus-Script-1.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Where is it preserved?<\/strong> Most examples of this script have been found on<strong> Harappan seals and their impressions.&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Other objects that preserved this script are <strong>metal and terracotta tablets, copper objects, pottery, etc.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nature of the Script:<\/strong> Consists of signs and symbols, many resembling<strong> human and animal figures, plants, or tools.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Most inscriptions are very <strong>short\u2014typically 4\u20135 signs long;<\/strong> the longest is about 26 characters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Attempts at Decipherment<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Various methods using<strong> computer analysis, comparative linguistics, and frequency analysis have been attempted.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Due to the lack of a bilingual inscription (like the Rosetta Stone), decipherment is extremely difficult.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>So far Archaeologists haven\u2019t been able to find any bilingual records running into at least a couple of sentences.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hence they refrain from making any claims on deciphering the script.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)<\/strong><br>&#8211; ASI is the premier organization for the <strong>archaeological research and protection of the cultural heritage<\/strong> of the nation under the<strong> Ministry of Culture.<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>&#8211; <strong>Maintenance of ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance <\/strong>is the prime concern of the ASI.&nbsp;<br>&#8211; It regulates all archaeological activities in the country as per the provisions of the <strong>Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.<\/strong> It also regulates the Antiquities<strong> and Art Treasure Act, 1972.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/asi-to-host-three-day-international-conclave-in-august-on-decoding-indus-valley-script\/article69713222.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Seine River<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Paris is leveraging an underground cooling system that uses water from the Seine River to cool over 800 buildings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Origin: <\/strong>The Seine River originates from the <strong>Langres Plateau<\/strong> in northeastern <strong>France.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Length:<\/strong> Approximately <strong>777 kilometers<\/strong> long.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Major Tributaries:<\/strong> Aube, Marne, Yonne, Oise, and Eure rivers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Navigability:<\/strong> The river is navigable for about 560 kilometers, supporting both commercial and recreational transport.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u202fBanks of the Seine in Paris were inscribed as a <strong>UNESCO World Heritage Site <\/strong>in 1991 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/136272\/OPS\/G89EG610Q.1+GEDEH6KS0.1.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/21-06-2021\/national-internet-exchange-of-india-nixi\"><strong>National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI)<\/strong><\/a> recently turned 20.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NIXI is a <strong>not-for-profit organisation<\/strong> set up in 2003 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NIXI has played a key role in ensuring that India\u2019s internet remains local in routing, robust in performance, and ready for future demands.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It currently operates <strong>77 Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)<\/strong> across the country, which help domestic traffic stay within India\u2019s borders \u2014 reducing latency, increasing speed, and enhancing security.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Through its IRINN division, it is guiding India\u2019s transition to IPv6, which will be essential as the country moves deeper into the era of connected devices, AI, and quantum computing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Role &amp; Significance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Acts as the silent pillar behind India\u2019s booming digital economy \u2014 from UPI at kirana stores to digital classrooms in tribal belts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strengthens India\u2019s ambition of becoming a $5 trillion digital economy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aligns with goals like <strong>Digital India, Bhashini, and localised internet ecosystems.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: DD News<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Shanghai Cooperation Organisation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Regional Groupings<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will travel to China to attend the <strong>Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Defence Ministers\u2019 meet.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Shanghai Five <\/strong>emerged in <strong>1996 <\/strong>from a series of border demarcation and demilitarization talks between<strong> 4 former USSR republics and China.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan<\/strong> were members of the <strong>Shanghai Five.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With the accession of <strong>Uzbekistan<\/strong> to the group in <strong>2001<\/strong>, the Shanghai Five was renamed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/26-06-2025\/sco-defence-ministers-meeting-2\"><strong>SCO<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Objective:<\/strong> To enhance regional cooperation for efforts to curb terrorism, separatism, and extremism in the Central Asian region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Members: <\/strong>China, Russia, India (2017), Pakistan, Iran, Belarus and the four Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Observer status:<\/strong> Afghanistan and Mongolia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Language:<\/strong> The SCO&#8217;s official languages are Russian and Chinese.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Structure: The supreme decision-making body<\/strong> of the SCO is the<strong> Council of Heads of States (CHS) <\/strong>which meets once a year.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Organization has 2 standing bodies<\/strong> \u2014 the Secretariat in Beijing and the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/136392\/OPS\/GHUEHAK1K.1+GLCEHDTLS.1.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>WHA\u2019s Landmark Resolution on Skin Diseases<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>World Health Assembly<\/strong> has unanimously adopted a resolution declaring skin diseases a <strong>global public health priority.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Skin diseases resolution<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Skin diseases include all conditions that irritate, clog or damage your skin, as well as skin cancer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They&nbsp; are among the most visible health conditions, often leading to stigma, discrimination, and emotional distress.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They&nbsp; affect<strong> 1.9 billion people worldwide<\/strong>, especially in<strong> low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are now recognised for their deep social, psychological, and economic impacts.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Features of resolution<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is jointly sponsored by <strong>C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Nigeria, Togo, and Micronesia<\/strong>, and others, supported by the International League of Dermatologic Societies (ILDS), the world\u2019s largest alliance of dermatology organizations marks a pivotal moment in recognising skin diseases as a global public health priority.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It calls attention to <strong>low awareness, poor surveillance, and limited health worker training,<\/strong> despite most skin diseases being manageable at the primary care level with proper support.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;It seeks to<strong> integrate skin health into national health agendas<\/strong>, improve funding, strengthen frontline dermatologic care, and combat stigma.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It&nbsp; urges coordinated national action to improve financing, diagnostics, medicine access, integration with other health programmes, and research.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Reverse Flipping<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has approved a series of reforms aimed at <strong>improving the ease of doing business and reverse Flipping Support.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Reverse Flipping?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/02-02-2023\/reverse-flipping\"><strong>Reverse Flipping<\/strong><\/a> is a term used in the startup ecosystem and corporate structuring to describe the <strong>process where an Indian startup or company moves their domicile back to India\u2014essentially \u201cflipping\u201d in reverse.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How does it work?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The parent company abroad transfers ownership, assets, or control to an Indian entity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Indian subsidiary (which was earlier just an operational arm) became the main holding company.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This may involve shifting intellectual property (IP), data, and key functions to India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Do Startups Flip in the First Place?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Initially, many Indian startups \u201cflip\u201d to foreign jurisdictions because:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Easier access to global venture capital.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simplified regulations around stock options, fundraising, or acquisitions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Favorable tax regimes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ease of listing on foreign stock exchanges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance of Reverse Flipping?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reflects confidence in India\u2019s economic and regulatory ecosystem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tied to broader goals like Atmanirbhar Bharat, ease of doing business, and capital market reforms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Important for innovation, job creation, and domestic capital mobilisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/markets\/news\/sebi-eases-compliance-startups-esops-drhp-psu-delisting-norms-125061801314_1.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>BS<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Energy Transition Index (ETI)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India ranked 71 on the <strong>World Economic Forum (WEF)\u2019s Energy Transition Index <\/strong>(ETI) 2025, dropped from rank 63 in 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Findings<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sweden, ranked first in the Index followed by Finland, Denmark and Norway.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>China topped the \u201cEmerging Asia\u201d category.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About ETI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The ETI is a tool developed by the WEF, an international non-profit for public-private cooperation set up in 1971 to quantify the yearly progress of nations in energy transition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The energy transition means moving from high carbon-emitting fuels such as coal to what are generally considered cleaner and renewable fuels such as solar power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is based on 43 indicators from various global data sources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: DTE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Extreme Helium (EHe) Stars<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Space<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indian astronomers have discovered <strong>singly-ionized germanium (Ge II)<\/strong> in a rare class of stars known as <strong>Extreme Helium (EHe) stars,<\/strong> specifically in the star A980.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What are Extreme Helium (EHe) Stars?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EHe stars are <strong>rare hydrogen-deficient stars<\/strong> that are primarily composed of helium with trace amounts of other elements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Only a few dozen such stars<\/strong> have been discovered.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The most accepted formation theory suggests they result from the merger of two white dwarfs:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>One helium-rich, the other carbon-oxygen-rich.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EHe stars are <strong>cool, low-gravity objects that defy normal stellar chemical profiles.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance of Germanium Detection<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Germanium is a heavy element that forms via the s-process (slow neutron capture) \u2014 common in the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase of stellar evolution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The presence of Ge implies prior synthesis through stellar nucleosynthesis, possibly before the white dwarf merger.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: PIB<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Operation Sindhu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ IR and Miscellaneous<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India has launched <strong>Operation Sindhu <\/strong>to evacuate its nationals from both <strong>Iran and Israel<\/strong>, amid the escalating conflict between the two countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About the Operation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is launched by the <strong>Ministry of External Affairs (MEA)<\/strong>, Govt. of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They were evacuated from northern Iran to Armenia, and flown from Yerevan (Armenian capital) to New Delhi on a special flight.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India is utilising <strong>safe and open airspace corridors<\/strong> for evacuation flights, with logistical coordination through <strong>diplomatic channels<\/strong> in the region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In a <strong>planned expansion<\/strong> of the operation, Indians in Israel will be evacuated via <strong>land borders<\/strong>, followed by onward air travel from neighbouring countries, given the suspension of flight operations at Israeli airports.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Other India\u2019s Civilian Evacuations Missions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Mission Name<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Year<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Vande Bharat Mission<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">COVID-19 global repatriation<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2020<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Operation Devi Shakti<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Afghanistan regime fall<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2021<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Operation Ganga<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Russia-Ukraine conflict<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2022<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Operation Kaveri<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Sudan civil war<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2023<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Operation Ajay<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Israel-Hamas conflict<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2023<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Operation Sindhu<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Iran conflict escalation<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2025<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/govt-launches-operation-sindhu-to-evacuate-indians-from-iran\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIR<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) will host a three-day international brainstorming conference in August on ways to decipher the Indus Valley script.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Indus Valley Civilisation was discovered more than a 100 years ago in 1921 at Harappa, and was formally announced to the world in 1924 by John Marshall, the then Director-General of the ASI.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/20-06-2025\/news-in-short-20-06-2025\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45818"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48260,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45818\/revisions\/48260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}