{"id":43175,"date":"2025-05-12T20:14:12","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T14:44:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=43175"},"modified":"2025-05-15T11:53:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T06:23:15","slug":"total-fertility-rate-remains-constant-2-0-in-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/12-05-2025\/total-fertility-rate-remains-constant-2-0-in-2021","title":{"rendered":"Total Fertility Rate Remains Constant at 2.0 in 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2021, released by the Registrar General of India (RGI), highlights that <strong>India&#8217;s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) <\/strong>has remained constant at <strong>2.0 in 2021, <\/strong>the same as in 2020.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The survey was conducted in <strong>8,842 sample units<\/strong> across all States, covering about<strong> 84 lakh<\/strong> sample population.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sample Registration System (SRS)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Sample Registration System (SRS) is a large-scale demographic survey in India used to collect data on births and deaths, providing annual estimates of vital rates like birth rate, death rate, and infant mortality rate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key features of SRS:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dual Record System:<\/strong> The system uses two sources of information: continuous enumeration by part-time enumerators and six-monthly retrospective surveys by supervisors.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sample-Based: <\/strong>SRS operates on a sample of villages and urban blocks, making it cost-effective and efficient.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Total Fertility Rate (TFR)<\/strong><br>&#8211; The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.&nbsp;<br>&#8211; A TFR of <strong>2.1 <\/strong>is considered the replacement level needed to maintain a stable population.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key findings of the report<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bihar<\/strong> has reported the highest TFR at <strong>3.0<\/strong>, while <strong>Delhi and West Bengal <\/strong>reported the <strong>lowest TFR of 1.4.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Demographic Shifts (1971\u20132021):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>0\u201314 age group:<\/strong> Declined from 41.2% to 24.8%, indicating a falling young population.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>15\u201359 age group (working age):<\/strong> Increased from 53.4% to 66.2%, representing a demographic dividend window.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The elderly population<\/strong> has gone up from<strong> 5.3% to 5.9%<\/strong> for the <strong>65+<\/strong> age group and<strong> 6% to 9%<\/strong> for the <strong>60+<\/strong> age group during the same period. <strong>Kerala <\/strong>reported the highest elderly population at <strong>14.4%.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The mean age at effective marriage for females has increased from <strong>19.3 years<\/strong> in <strong>1990<\/strong> to <strong>22.5 years<\/strong> in <strong>2021.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dddbdc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"722\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/05\/the-total-fertility-rate-1024x722.png\" alt=\"the total fertility rate\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-43176\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dddbdc; width:490px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/05\/the-total-fertility-rate-1024x722.png 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/05\/the-total-fertility-rate-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/05\/the-total-fertility-rate-768x541.png 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/05\/the-total-fertility-rate.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance of the Findings<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Population Stabilization:<\/strong> A TFR of 2.0 indicates India is approaching population stabilization, which can ease pressure on natural resources, public services, and the environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Demographic Dividend: <\/strong>A larger working-age population provides an opportunity for increased productivity, and economic growth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Improved Maternal health:<\/strong> Fewer childbirths per woman, coupled with delayed age of marriage, lead to reduced maternal mortality, better child care, and healthier families.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Women Empowerment: <\/strong>Lower fertility rates reflect higher education levels, workforce participation, and greater autonomy among women, leading to better social and economic outcomes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Negative Impacts of Declining TFR<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ageing Population: <\/strong>A rise in the elderly population will increase the dependency on the working population, demanding increased focus on pension, healthcare, and social welfare systems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Potential for Skewed Sex Ratios:<\/strong> In certain areas, fertility reduction without tackling gender bias can exacerbate sex-selective practices, leading to imbalanced sex ratios.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Demographic Imbalance: <\/strong>States with vast fertility differences, potentially leading to interstate migration, cultural shifts, and resource strain in low-TFR states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Concluding Remarks<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The stabilization of India\u2019s Total Fertility Rate reflects a significant demographic shift, signaling that the country is moving closer to achieving replacement-level fertility. However, the associated challenges must not be overlooked.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A balanced approach that promotes equitable development, strengthens social security, and anticipates future demographic needs is essential to ensure that this transition supports a resilient and prosperous India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/total-fertility-rate-remains-constant-at-20-in-2021-report\/article69564709.ece#:~:text=The%20Total%20Fertility%20Rate%20(TFR,(RGI)%20on\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2021, released by the Registrar General of India (RGI), highlights that India&#8217;s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has remained constant at 2.0 in 2021, the same as in 2020.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Sample Registration System (SRS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Sample Registration System (SRS) is a large-scale demographic survey in India used to collect data on births and deaths, providing annual estimates of vital rates like birth rate, death rate, and infant mortality rate.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Key features of SRS:<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-left:90px;\">Dual Record System: The system uses two sources of information: continuous enumeration by part-time enumerators and six-monthly retrospective surveys by supervisors.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-left:90px;\">Sample-Based: SRS operates on a sample of villages and urban blocks, making it cost-effective and efficient.\u00a0<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/12-05-2025\/total-fertility-rate-remains-constant-2-0-in-2021\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43175"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43364,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43175\/revisions\/43364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}