{"id":42925,"date":"2025-05-08T19:13:12","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T13:43:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=42925"},"modified":"2025-05-08T19:13:26","modified_gmt":"2025-05-08T13:43:26","slug":"early-onset-of-indian-monsoon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/08-05-2025\/early-onset-of-indian-monsoon","title":{"rendered":"Early Onset of Indian Monsoon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GSI\/ Indian Physical Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As per the IMD, there are chances of early onset of the southwest monsoon. The normal onset date of the monsoon over Kerala is June 1 and it usually takes about 10 days for the system to reach Kerala from the Nicobar islands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mechanism of the Indian Monsoon: The Driving Forces<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Differential Heating of Land and Sea:<\/strong> In summer, India\u2019s landmass heats faster than the ocean, creating low pressure over land and drawing in moisture-laden winds from the sea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ):<\/strong> The ITCZ, where trade winds meet near the equator, shifts north during summer, intensifying low pressure over the Indo-Gangetic plain and drawing in monsoon winds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tibetan Plateau:<\/strong> Its high elevation heats up, creating an upper-air low-pressure zone that strengthens vertical circulation and attracts monsoon winds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tropical Easterly Jet<\/strong>: Develops during summer, strengthening monsoon trough and rainfall.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ENSO:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>El Ni\u00f1o: Warms Pacific waters, usually weakening Indian monsoon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La Ni\u00f1a: Cools Pacific, often strengthening monsoon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Positive IOD: <\/strong>Strengthens monsoon with warm western Indian Ocean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Negative IOD: <\/strong>Weakens monsoon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Onset and Advancement<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Arabian Sea Branch:<\/strong> Hits Kerala around June 1, moves up the west coast, bringing heavy rain to Western Ghats and inland states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bay of Bengal Branch:<\/strong> Reaches Northeast India in early June, then moves westward along the Indo-Gangetic plain. India is usually fully covered by mid-July.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Retreat of the Monsoon: <\/strong>Retreat begins in October from northwest India. Clear skies and residual moisture cause hot, humid conditions called &#8220;October heat.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reversal of wind direction brings rain to the southeastern coast, notably Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impact of the Monsoon<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Agriculture: <\/strong>Essential for Kharif crops like <strong>rice and maize<\/strong>. A good monsoon improves yields; a poor one leads to drought.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Economy:<\/strong> Monsoon-linked agriculture influences GDP, rural income, and food prices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Water Resources and Hydropower<\/strong>: Rains recharge rivers and reservoirs, crucial for drinking water, irrigation, and electricity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Environment and Culture:<\/strong> Supports biodiversity and cultural traditions like festivals celebrating rain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Disasters:<\/strong> Heavy rains can trigger floods, landslides, and other disasters, especially in vulnerable regions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Recent Government Initiatives to Improve Monsoon Forecasting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Monsoon Mission: <\/strong>Launched in 2012 by the Ministry of Earth Sciences it was a major initiative aimed at enhancing the accuracy of monsoon forecasting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Supercomputing Mission:<\/strong> Aimed at enhancing computational infrastructure needed for running high-end dynamical weather models.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ICAR &amp; IMD Collab:<\/strong> The IMD, in collaboration with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), provides Agromet Advisory Services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: TH<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">As per the IMD, there are chances of early onset of the southwest monsoon. The normal onset date of the monsoon over Kerala is June 1 and it usually takes about 10 days for the system to reach Kerala from the Nicobar islands.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Mechanism of the Indian Monsoon: The Driving Forces<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Differential Heating of Land and Sea: In summer, India\u2019s landmass heats faster than the ocean, creating low pressure over land and drawing in moisture-laden winds from the sea.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ): The ITCZ, where trade winds meet near the equator, shifts north during summer, intensifying low pressure over the Indo-Gangetic plain and drawing in monsoon winds.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Tibetan Plateau: Its high elevation heats up, creating an upper-air low-pressure zone that strengthens vertical circulation and attracts monsoon winds.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/08-05-2025\/early-onset-of-indian-monsoon\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42925"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42948,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42925\/revisions\/42948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}