{"id":42029,"date":"2025-04-25T21:04:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-25T15:34:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=42029"},"modified":"2025-04-25T21:04:20","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T15:34:20","slug":"pakistan-shuts-airspace-snaps-trade-relations-with-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/25-04-2025\/pakistan-shuts-airspace-snaps-trade-relations-with-india","title":{"rendered":"Pakistan Shuts Airspace, Snaps Trade Relations with India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/International Relations; GS3\/Security<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/23-04-2025\/terror-attack-in-pehalgam\">Pahalgam terror attack<\/a> has escalated tensions between India and Pakistan, leading to a series of retaliatory measures by both countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Key Measures By India &amp; Pakistan<\/strong><br><strong>India&#8217;s Measures<\/strong><br>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/24-04-2025\/suspension-of-indus-waters-treaty-by-india\">Suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty<\/a><br>&#8211; Closure of the <strong>Attari-Wagah Border<\/strong><br>&#8211; Cancellation of <strong>SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme (SVES Visas)<\/strong><br>&#8211; Expulsion of Pakistani Military Advisors<br>&#8211; Reduction of Diplomatic Personnel<br><strong>Pakistan\u2019s Retaliatory Measures<\/strong><br>&#8211; Airspace Closure<br>&#8211; Trade Suspension<br>&#8211; Diplomatic Retaliation like reducing the strength of India&#8217;s High Commission and <strong>suspension of Simla Agreement<\/strong> and all bilateral agreements with India.<br>&#8211; Visa Restrictions except for Sikh pilgrims visiting the <strong>Kartarpur Corridor<\/strong>.<br>&#8211; Labeling the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty as an \u2018act of war\u2019.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pakistan\u2019s Airspace Closure for India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Airspace <\/strong>refers to the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country, where it regulates the movement of aircraft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its closure is governed by both domestic regulations and international frameworks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"bfc8ce\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"549\" height=\"301\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Pakistans-Airspace-Closure-for-India.png\" alt=\"Pakistans Airspace Closure for India\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-42030\" style=\"--dominant-color: #bfc8ce; width:423px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Pakistans-Airspace-Closure-for-India.png 549w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Pakistans-Airspace-Closure-for-India-300x164.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Domestic Regulations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Each country has exclusive rights over the airspace above its territory, as defined by its civil aviation authority.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In India, the <strong>Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)<\/strong> oversees airspace management and closures during emergencies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Domestic laws allow governments to issue <strong>Notice to Airmen (NOTAMs)<\/strong> to inform airlines of restrictions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>International Regulations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Chicago Convention (1944):<\/strong> It establishes rules for airspace sovereignty and international flight operations, under the <strong>International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Article 1<\/strong> recognizes the <strong>complete and exclusive sovereignty of nations <\/strong>over their airspace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impacts of Airspace Closure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Flight Rerouting and Increased Costs:<\/strong> Indian carriers have been forced to reroute flights to Europe, North America, and the Middle East.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Longer flight paths over the Arabian Sea and Central Asia are increasing fuel consumption and operational costs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ticket prices for international flights may rise by 8\u201312%, affecting passengers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Economic Implications: <\/strong>The move <strong>mirrors Pakistan\u2019s 2019 airspace closure, <\/strong>following the <strong>Indian Air Force\u2019s air strikes in Balakot<\/strong> in retaliation for the Pulwama terror attack,<strong> <\/strong>which lasted five months and cost Indian airlines over \u20b9700 crore.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Simla agreement<\/strong><br>&#8211; The Simla Agreement was a bilateral treaty between India and Pakistan, signed by former prime minister Indira Gandhi and then Pakistani president Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on July 2, 1972.<br>&#8211; It was\u00a0 aimed to <strong>resolve conflicts and foster peaceful relations<\/strong> after the 1971 India-Pakistan war.\u00a0<br>1. The war was triggered when India intervened in East Pakistan&#8217;s (now Bangladesh) fight for independence.<br><strong>Major Provisions\u00a0<\/strong><br>&#8211; Both countries pledged to<strong> resolve all disputes<\/strong>, including the Kashmir issue, bilaterally without third-party involvement, marking a shift from previous international mediation.<br>&#8211; They agreed to <strong>respect each other\u2019s territorial integrity<\/strong>, political independence, and non-interference in internal affairs.<br>&#8211; The 1971 ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir was<strong> re-designated as the Line of Control (LoC), <\/strong>with both sides committing not to alter it unilaterally.<br>&#8211; The agreement called for the restoration of diplomatic, economic, and cultural relations, including the resumption of communication, travel, and trade links.<br>&#8211; India agreed to release over<strong> 93,000 Pakistani prisoners of war<\/strong> as part of the agreement, one of the largest releases in history.<br>&#8211; India returned ove<strong>r 13,000 km\u00b2<\/strong> of territory seized during the war, but retained strategic areas in the Chorbat Valley.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/any-attempt-by-india-to-stop-indus-water-will-be-seen-as-act-of-terror-pakistan\/article69486546.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Source: TH<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Pahalgam terror attack has escalated tensions between India and Pakistan, leading to a series of retaliatory measures by both countries.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Pakistan\u2019s Airspace Closure for India<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Airspace refers to the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country, where it regulates the movement of aircraft.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Its closure is governed by both domestic regulations and international frameworks.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/25-04-2025\/pakistan-shuts-airspace-snaps-trade-relations-with-india\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42029"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42054,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42029\/revisions\/42054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}