{"id":41410,"date":"2025-04-17T19:41:02","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T14:11:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=41410"},"modified":"2025-04-17T19:41:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T14:11:15","slug":"gujarat-particulate-matter-trading-scheme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/17-04-2025\/gujarat-particulate-matter-trading-scheme","title":{"rendered":"Particulate Matter Trading Scheme in Gujarat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A study found that the Surat Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) in Gujarat, delivered both environmental and economic benefits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) in Surat, launched in <strong>2019,<\/strong> is the<strong> world\u2019s first market-based trading system for particulate matter (PM) <\/strong>emissions and India\u2019s first pollution trading scheme of any kind.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It represents a <strong>cap-and-trade system<\/strong>, where total emissions are capped and emission permits can be traded among industrial units.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was developed by the <strong>Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB), <\/strong>\u00a0in collaboration with the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How does the Scheme Work?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS):<\/strong> 318 coal-using industrial units were mandated to install CEMS to enable real-time tracking of PM emissions.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This marked a shift from the earlier system of periodic spot checks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GPCB set a cap of <strong>170 tonnes\/month <\/strong>based on real-time CEMS data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Auctioning: <\/strong>The GPCB issued about 80% of the emissions cap in free permits, distributed in proportion to a plant\u2019s emissions potential (e.g., boiler size), while the remaining 20% were auctioned weekly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Firms failing to hold enough permits to match their emissions were <strong>penalised proportionally.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Achievements of Surat ETS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Parameter<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Impact<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pollution Reduction<\/td><td>20\u201330% reduction in PM emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cost Efficiency<\/td><td>Over 10% decrease in pollution abatement costs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Compliance<\/td><td>99% compliance with environmental norms<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance of the Programme<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Environmental Innovation: <\/strong>being the first cap-and-trade system globally for PM emissions it showcases India\u2019s leadership in market-based environmental regulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Data-Driven Policy: <\/strong>The use of real-time CEMS data allowed for evidence-based regulation and gradual tightening of caps to match actual emissions levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scalability:<\/strong> The success in Surat paves the way for similar schemes in other Indian cities and for other pollutants, including NOx and SO\u2082.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>What is Particulate Matter (PM)?<\/strong><br>&#8211; Particulate matter (PM) refers to the wide variety of tiny substances that float in the air in the form of either solid particles or liquid droplets or both.<br>&#8211; Based on particle size, PM is divided into four groups:\u00a0<br>1. <strong>PM10,<\/strong> known as the coarse particulate matter, which is \u226410 \u03bcm in size;\u00a0<br>2. <strong>PM2.5,<\/strong> known as the fine particulate matter, which is \u22642.5 \u03bcm in size;\u00a0<br>3. <strong>PM0.3<\/strong> particles with a diameter of &lt;0.3 \u03bcm are known as quasi-ultrafine particles;<br>4. <strong>PM0.1, <\/strong>known as the ultrafine particulate matter, which is \u22640.1 \u03bcm in size.<br><br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"483\" height=\"291\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeOO98o_iY6JofCeYoUttYKh0JUKtCMStM17acoOrvevFYx472zqzNYKqGnw1GSCgLmT0lDn8q6sIrQkv4t3WHfCmjWbQUHa6m7lJdnE-VdwJI_J4awVnOe8RjwyHVCRoFmYKtG?key=IBB41KiH4quLA_QKMvsZWH1X\"><br><br><strong>Sources of Particulate Matter<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Natural Sources:<\/strong> Dust storms, Forest fires, Volcanic eruptions<br>&#8211; <strong>Anthropogenic Sources:<\/strong> Vehicle exhaust, Industrial emissions, Construction activities and Biomass and fossil fuel burning.<br><strong>Health Impacts of PM<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Respiratory diseases:<\/strong> Asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<br>&#8211; <strong>Cardiovascular issues: <\/strong>Increased risk of heart attacks and hypertension.<br>&#8211; <strong>Neurological disorders: <\/strong>Cognitive decline and neurodevelopmental issues in children.<br>&#8211; <strong>Premature mortality:<\/strong> Prolonged exposure increases the risk of early deaths due to lung and heart diseases.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/climate-change\/can-pollution-markets-work-study-evaluates-gujarats-cap-and-trade-experiment\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">A study found that the Surat Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) in Gujarat, delivered both environmental and economic benefits.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) in Surat, launched in 2019, is the world\u2019s first market-based trading system for particulate matter (PM) emissions and India\u2019s first pollution trading scheme of any kind.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">It represents a cap-and-trade system, where total emissions are capped and emission permits can be traded among industrial units.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/17-04-2025\/gujarat-particulate-matter-trading-scheme\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41410"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41433,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41410\/revisions\/41433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}