{"id":41110,"date":"2025-04-14T19:09:59","date_gmt":"2025-04-14T13:39:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=41110"},"modified":"2025-04-14T19:10:12","modified_gmt":"2025-04-14T13:40:12","slug":"106-th-anniversary-of-jallianwala-bagh-massacre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/14-04-2025\/106-th-anniversary-of-jallianwala-bagh-massacre","title":{"rendered":"106th Anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Modern Indian History&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prime Minister Modi paid homage to the<strong> martyrs of Jallianwala Bagh.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What was the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, occurred on 13th April 1919 and marked one of the darkest chapters in India\u2019s colonial history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To celebrate the Baisakhi festival and protest the arrest of prominent nationalist leaders <strong>Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal<\/strong> under the<strong> Rowlatt Act<\/strong>, a large crowd of men, women, and children had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Colonel Reginald Dyer<\/strong> ordered British Indian Army troops to open fire on a peaceful gathering of thousands, without issuing any warning or order to disperse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to official British records, at least <strong>379 people<\/strong> were killed and many wounded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Rowlatt Act<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Rowlatt Act, officially known as the <strong>Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919<\/strong>, was passed on March 10, 1919.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It gave the British government extraordinary powers to <strong>detain individuals suspected of sedition without trial.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This act was based on the recommendations of the Sedition Committee chaired by Sir <strong>Sidney Rowlatt <\/strong>and was modelled on the <strong>wartime Defence of India Act of 1915.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>British response to Jallianwala Bagh Massacre<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Martial Law: <\/strong>The shooting was followed by the proclamation of martial law in Punjab.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Hunter Commission,<\/strong> also called the<strong> Disorders Inquiry Committee, <\/strong>\u00a0was set up by the British government in <strong>October 1919<\/strong> to investigate the massacre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The<strong> <\/strong>Commission criticized Colonel Reginald Dyer for his actions at Jallianwala Bagh.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It censured Dyer but did not impose any significant penalties. It did, however, recommend his <strong>resignation from the military.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nationalist Response<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rabindranath Tagore,<\/strong> the Nobel laureate poet, renounced his knighthood in protest against the brutality of the British actions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mahatma Gandhi,<\/strong> launched the <strong>Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920,<\/strong> urging Indians to boycott British goods and institutions.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He also gave up the title of <strong>Kaiser-i-Hind, <\/strong>bestowed by the British for his work during the <strong>Boer War.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This movement marked a significant phase in India\u2019s struggle for independence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Jallianwala Bagh Memorial<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jallianwala Bagh is a memorial site maintained by the <strong>Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The site includes several structures like a <strong>memorial flame, bullet-marked walls, <\/strong>and<strong> a well <\/strong>where many people had jumped to escape the bullets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The memorial also houses a museum and gallery that showcases the events of the massacre and the larger context of India\u2019s fight for freedom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"88847b\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/The-Jallianwala-Bagh-Memorial.png\" alt=\"The Jallianwala Bagh Memorial\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-41111\" style=\"--dominant-color: #88847b; width:424px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/The-Jallianwala-Bagh-Memorial.png 640w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/The-Jallianwala-Bagh-Memorial-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ddnews.gov.in\/en\/pm-modi-pays-tributes-to-jallianwala-bagh-massacre-martyrs\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>AIR<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Prime Minister Modi paid homage to the martyrs of Jallianwala Bagh.\u00a0<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>What was the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, occurred on 13th April 1919 and marked one of the darkest chapters in India\u2019s colonial history.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">To celebrate the Baisakhi festival and protest the arrest of prominent nationalist leaders Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal under the Rowlatt Act, a large crowd of men, women, and children had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/14-04-2025\/106-th-anniversary-of-jallianwala-bagh-massacre\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41110"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41167,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41110\/revisions\/41167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}