{"id":40890,"date":"2025-04-10T21:11:45","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T15:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=40890"},"modified":"2025-04-10T21:12:57","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T15:42:57","slug":"news-in-short-10-04-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/10-04-2025\/news-in-short-10-04-2025","title":{"rendered":"News In Short-10-04-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Sections 271 and 272 of the BNS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An FIR was registered against a restaurant owner in Noida <strong>under Section 271 of the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sections 269 and 270 of the Indian Penal Code, 1870,<\/strong> have been identically reproduced as <strong>Sections 271 and 272 of the BNS.&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These punish acts that are <strong>\u201clikely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life\u201d.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 271 of the BNS, <\/strong>carries a <strong>maximum punishment of six months<\/strong> <strong>imprisonment<\/strong>, punishes those who<strong> \u201cnegligently\u201d<\/strong> commit such acts.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 272<\/strong> punishes those who do so <strong>\u201cmalignantly\u201d<\/strong>, implying that the accused intended to spread the infection. It carries a <strong>punishment of six months imprisonment.&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Both are <strong>bailable offences.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under both provisions, the <strong>prosecution must establish that the infection is of a \u201cdisease dangerous to life\u201d <\/strong>\u2014 ruling out non-lethal infections.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It must also prove that the <strong>accused knew or <\/strong>that their action, whether negligent or malignant, <strong>may cause an infection to spread.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-law\/noida-biryani-case-the-law-against-spread-of-deadly-disease-that-has-been-invoked-9935271\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>50 years of India-Portugal diplomatic ties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/IR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>President Murmu held<strong> delegation-level talks with the Portuguese President, <\/strong>commemorating <strong>50 years of diplomatic relations between India and Portugal.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>President Murmu\u2019s visit <strong>was the first<\/strong> by an Indian President to Portugal since President <strong>K. R. Narayanan\u2019s trip in 1998.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>President Murmu was awarded the <strong>\u2018City Key of Honour\u2019 by Lisbon\u2019s Mayor.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Portugal<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Portugal is the <strong>westernmost point of Europe<\/strong> and lies on the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is <strong>bordered by Spain to the east and north and the Atlantic Ocean<\/strong> to the west and south.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"a9d8a1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"622\" height=\"353\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/50-years-of-India-Portugal-diplomatic-ties.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-40891\" style=\"--dominant-color: #a9d8a1; width:422px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/50-years-of-India-Portugal-diplomatic-ties.webp 622w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/50-years-of-India-Portugal-diplomatic-ties-300x170.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The country includes the<strong> Azores and Madeira archipelagos<\/strong> in the Atlantic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>capital city is Lisbon<\/strong>, which is also the largest city in the country.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Age of Exploration: <\/strong>Portugal was a global maritime power in the 15th and 16th centuries, leading the Age of Exploration.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Famous explorers like Vasco da Gama and Ferdinand Magellan played pivotal roles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Colonial Era: <\/strong>Portugal established colonies across the globe, including Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, and Goa (India).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EU Membership: <\/strong>Portugal is a member of the European Union (EU).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/president-droupadi-murmu-to-leave-on-4-day-state-visit-to-portugal-and-slovakia-today\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>AIR<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>World Homoeopathy Day<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In 2025, India is hosting its largest Homoeopathic symposium on the occasion of World Homoeopathy Day in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>World Homoeopathy Day<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>World Homoeopathy Day is observed on <strong>April 10 <\/strong>every year, to commemorate the birth anniversary of <strong>Dr. Samuel Hahnemann,<\/strong> the founder of homeopathy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In India, Since 2016, the <strong>Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH)<\/strong> has been celebrating World Homoeopathy Day.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Homoeopathy?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Homoeopathy is the <strong>world\u2019s second-largest medical system, <\/strong>developed in the late 18th century in Germany.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Core Principle:<\/strong> \u201cSimilia Similibus Curentur\u201d or <strong>\u201clike cures like.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A substance causing symptoms of a disease in a healthy individual would cure similar symptoms in a sick individual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Legal Framework in India<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Homoeopathy in India was governed by the <strong>Homoeopathy Central Council Act, 1973.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To reform and modernize the system, the <strong>National Commission for Homoeopathy Act, 2020<\/strong> was enacted and came into force in 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The system is recognized under the National Health Policy (2017) and is governed by the Ministry of AYUSH.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Institutional Framework in India<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>National Commission for Homoeopathy (NCH):<\/strong> A statutory body under the Ministry of AYUSH, the NCH is responsible for ensuring regulation of homoeopathic education and practice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH): <\/strong>It leads scientific validation and research in homoeopathy.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It operates a network of over <strong>35 research<\/strong> centres and clinical treatment facilities across the country.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine &amp; Homoeopathy (PCIM&amp;H): <\/strong>It ensures the quality and standardization of homoeopathic medicines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2120393#:~:text=Every%20year%2C%20on%20April%2010,country%20depend%20on%20this%20treatment.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Niveshak Didi Initiative<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) and India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) have signed a MoA to <strong>jointly launch Phase 2 of the \u201cNiveshak Didi\u201d initiative.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Niveshak Didi Initiative:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Under the initiative, <strong>women postal workers and community leaders<\/strong> are trained to act as<strong> financial educators in local regions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Phase 1:<\/strong> It was launched in <strong>2018<\/strong>, over 55,000 beneficiaries participated in IPPB Financial Literacy Camps across India, with 60% female participants, mainly from rural areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Phase 2: <\/strong>Over 4,000 new financial literacy camps will be set up, led by nearly 40,000 women postal workers (Niveshak Didis).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Topics covered: <\/strong>Responsible investing, fraud awareness, savings habits, and digital banking tools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a<strong> statutory body<\/strong> under the <strong>Ministry of Corporate Affairs<\/strong>, established in <strong>2016<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role: <\/strong>Promotes financial literacy, educates people on managing personal finances, and informs about rights and responsibilities as investors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Focus: <\/strong>Special outreach to rural and underserved communities to empower individuals with financial knowledge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>India Post Payments Bank (IPPB):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Established:<\/strong> In 2018, under the Department of Posts, Ministry of Communication.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vision:<\/strong> To provide accessible, affordable, and trusted banking services for all, especially the unbanked and underbanked.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Operating Model: <\/strong>Focuses on paperless, cashless, and presence-less banking through smartphones and biometric devices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2120195\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Artemis Accords<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Space<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bangladesh became the <strong>54th country<\/strong> to sign the Artemis Accords, a U.S.-led initiative for peaceful and cooperative space exploration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About the Artemis Accords<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Launched:<\/strong> October 13, 2020<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Founding Nations:<\/strong> Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, UAE, UK, and the <strong>United States<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legal Basis:<\/strong> Based on the <strong>Outer Space Treaty of 1967 (OST).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nature: Non-binding <\/strong>set of principles for civil space exploration and utilization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key Principles:&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Peaceful purposes, Transparency, Interoperability, Emergency Assistance, Registration of Space Objects, Release of Scientific Data, Protecting Heritage, Utilization of Space Resources, Deconfliction of Activities, and Orbital Debris and Spacecraft Disposal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scope of Activities: <\/strong>Applies to civil space operations on the <strong>Moon, Mars, comets, and asteroids<\/strong> \u2014 including their <strong>surfaces &amp; sub-surfaces<\/strong>, as well as <strong>orbital<\/strong>, <strong>Lagrangian points<\/strong>, and <strong>transit operations<\/strong> between these bodies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"3b3536\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"527\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Artemis-Accords-1024x527.png\" alt=\"Artemis Accords\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-40892\" style=\"--dominant-color: #3b3536; width:466px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Artemis-Accords-1024x527.png 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Artemis-Accords-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Artemis-Accords-768x395.png 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Artemis-Accords.png 1082w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/bangladesh-inks-artemis-accords-with-nasa-on-non-military-space-exploration\/#:~:text=Bangladesh%20has%20inked%20the%20&#039;Artemis,on%20non%2Dmilitary%20space%20exploration.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Project Varsha<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Defence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India is set to establish a new naval base under Project Varsha for nuclear submarines and warships in coastal Andhra Pradesh by 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Located:<\/strong> The new base will be located near the village of<strong> Rambilli<\/strong>, approximately 50 kilometers from Eastern Naval Command headquarters in Visakhapatnam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stealth capabilities:<\/strong> The naval base will feature underground pens and tunnels to house nuclear submarines, ensuring stealthy operations in the Bay of Bengal.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The stealth capabilities are vital for <strong>SSBNs (nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines),<\/strong> which need to remain hidden during their long patrols.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Similarly <strong>Karwar base in Karnataka<\/strong> under <strong>Project Seabird <\/strong>safeguards the west coast.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nuclear-powered submarines of India<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indian Navy is going to commission<strong> INS Aridhaman,<\/strong> the third nuclear-powered submarine in India\u2019s fleet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The submarine, with a displacement of 7,000 tonnes, will be slightly bigger than the first two SSBNs \u2014<strong> INS Arihant and INS Arighaat.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/external-affairs-defence-security\/news\/india-naval-base-project-varsha-rambilli-andhra-pradesh-nuclear-submarine-125040700371_1.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>BS<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Nilgiri Tahr Census to be Conducted<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kerala and Tamil Nadu <\/strong>will jointly conduct a Nilgiri Tahr census, commemorating the <strong>50th anniversary of Eravikulam National Park&#8217;s establishment.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Eravikulam National Park<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Originally declared a sanctuary in <strong>1975<\/strong>, it was established as Kerala\u2019s first National Park in 1978.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This park has <strong>numerous endangered species,<\/strong> including the Nilgiri Tahr (an endangered mountain goat species), Lion-tailed Macaques, and Nilgiri Langurs.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Park&#8217;s primary aim was to <strong>safeguard the endangered Nilgiri tahr.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is also known as the<strong> &#8220;Land of Neelakurinji\u201d,<\/strong> purplish-blue Neelakurinji flowers <strong>blossom every 12 years.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Nilgiri tahr i<\/strong>s the only <strong>mountain ungulate in southern India <\/strong>amongst the 12 species present in India. It is also the <strong>state animal of Tamil Nadu.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is the <strong>endemic species <\/strong>of the Western Ghats and is found in <strong>Kerala and Tamil Nadu.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is listed as <strong>Endangered <\/strong>in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is protected under<strong> Schedule I <\/strong>of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"798665\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"141\" height=\"113\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Nilgiri-Tahr.png\" alt=\"Nilgiri Tahr\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-40893\" style=\"--dominant-color: #798665; width:289px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/kerala-and-tamil-nadu-to-conduct-joint-nilgiri-tahr-census-from-april-24-27\/article69431431.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Ozone Pollution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to a study by the IIT Kharagpur, surface ozone pollution is impacting India&#8217;s major food crops, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and central India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Ozone Pollution?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ozone (O\u2083)<\/strong> is a gas composed of three oxygen atoms.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It occurs both in the Earth&#8217;s upper atmosphere (<strong>stratosphere<\/strong>) and at ground level (<strong>troposphere<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stratospheric ozone<\/strong> is beneficial as it forms the ozone layer that <strong>shields the Earth<\/strong> from the sun\u2019s harmful ultraviolet radiation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tropospheric ozone<\/strong>, however, is a harmful air pollutant and greenhouse gas.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is not emitted directly but is formed by chemical reactions between <strong>oxides of nitrogen (NO\u2093)<\/strong> and <strong>volatile organic compounds (VOCs)<\/strong> in the presence of sunlight.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The World Health Organization (WHO)<\/strong> recommends a maximum ozone level of <strong>100 micrograms per cubic meter (\u00b5g\/m\u00b3)<\/strong>, measured as an 8-hour maximum moving average within a day<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"819eac\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Ozone-Pollution.png\" alt=\"Ozone Pollution\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-40894\" style=\"--dominant-color: #819eac; width:336px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Ozone-Pollution.png 640w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Ozone-Pollution-300x258.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impact on Crops<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ozone enters plants through stomata and causes oxidative stress, <strong>reducing photosynthesis and damaging cell membranes.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to the IIT Kharagpur study;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Wheat yields<\/strong> could <strong>decline by an additional 20% <\/strong>under high-emission scenarios.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rice and maize<\/strong> yields may drop by around <strong>7%.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exposure in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and Central India may exceed safe ozone limits by up to <strong>six times.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ozone Pollution is hindering the country\u2019s progress towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of <strong>\u2018no poverty\u2019<\/strong> and<strong> \u2018zero hunger\u2019<\/strong> by 2030.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/iit-kharagpur-study-finds-surface-ozone-pollution-is-impacting-rural-india-predicts-drastic-decline-in-agricultural-yield\/a\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">An FIR was registered against a restaurant owner in Noida under Section 271 of the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS).<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Sections 269 and 270 of the Indian Penal Code, 1870, have been identically reproduced as Sections 271 and 272 of the BNS.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">These punish acts that are \u201clikely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life\u201d.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/10-04-2025\/news-in-short-10-04-2025\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40890"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40890\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40905,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40890\/revisions\/40905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}