{"id":40078,"date":"2025-03-29T19:51:35","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T14:21:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=40078"},"modified":"2025-04-01T11:05:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T05:35:40","slug":"news-in-short-29-march-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/29-03-2025\/news-in-short-29-march-2025","title":{"rendered":"News In Short-29-03-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Rana Sanga<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Personalities, Medieval Indian History<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A recent statement by an MP labeling Rajput ruler Rana Sanga as a \u201ctraitor\u201d has sparked controversy over historical interpretations of his role, particularly the claim that he invited Babur to invade India and defeat Ibrahim Lodi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>First Battle of Panipat<\/strong><br>&#8211; Fought between Ibrahim Lodi, the last Sultan of the <strong>Lodi dynasty, and Zahir-ud-din Babur<\/strong>, a Timurid warlord from Central Asia.<br>&#8211; Despite being outnumbered (Babur had 12,000 troops vs Ibrahim\u2019s estimated 1 lakh), Babur\u2019s use of superior tactics and artillery led to his decisive victory.<br>&#8211; The battle marked the end of the <strong>Delhi Sultanate\u2019s Lodi rule (founded by Bahlul Lodi in 1451) and the beginning of Mughal rule in India.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rana Sanga (1482\u20131528)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Also known as <strong>Maharana Sangram Singh<\/strong>, he was the <strong>Rajput king of Mewar <\/strong>(ruled from 1508 to 1528) and is known for uniting various Rajput clans to resist the expanding influence of the<strong> Delhi Sultanate.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His kingdom extended across present-day Rajasthan, Gujarat, and parts of Madhya Pradesh, with <strong>Chittor as his capital<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was a patron of the <strong>arts and literature<\/strong>, supported many artists and poets, including the famous poet <strong>Malik Muhammad Jayasi<\/strong>, who wrote the epic poem <strong>Padmavat<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Military career: <\/strong>His most notable battle was against Babur at <strong>Khanwa in 1527<\/strong>, where he aimed to expel the Mughals from India.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Despite suffering a defeat due to<strong> Babur\u2019s superior artillery<\/strong>, Rana Sanga remains a revered figure in Indian history for his courage and vision of a united Rajputana.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/ls-zero-hour-bjp-mps-slam-insults-against-rana-sanga-tmcs-mahua-moitra-says-digital-data-law-undermines-rti\/article69385740.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TH<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Why is Myanmar Frequently Rocked by Earthquakes?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Physical Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A powerful earthquake of magnitude 7.7 and at least six aftershocks struck central Myanmar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was the<strong> strongest earthquake globally in the last 2 years.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was a <strong>shallow earthquake,<\/strong> with a depth of only 10 km.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>epicenter was located 17.2 km from Mandalay,<\/strong> a metropolis with a population of around 1.5 million people.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Affected Areas:<\/strong> Thailand (Bangkok),\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Northeast India &#8211; tremors felt, no reported casualties or significant damage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tectonic Plates Involved:<\/strong> Indian Plate (west) and Eurasian Plate (east).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cause of Earthquake: <\/strong>Tectonic plates slipping past one another, releasing stored-up energy as seismic waves.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Myanmar earthquake took place due to the <strong>\u201cstrike slip faulting<\/strong>\u201d between the Indian and Eurasian plates, meaning these two plates rubbed sideways against each other.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Myanmar <\/strong>experiences frequent earthquakes, especially along the <strong>Sagaing Fault.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It runs north to south through the centre of Myanmar, and is prone to earthquakes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since 1900, at least six quakes of magnitude greater than 7 have occurred near the Sagaing Fault.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Previous Significant Earthquakes in Myanmar:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1839:<\/strong> Magnitude 8.3, estimated 300-400 deaths.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1990:<\/strong> Magnitude 7, 32 buildings collapsed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1912:<\/strong> Magnitude 7.9, near the recent epicenter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2016:<\/strong> Magnitude 6.9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-sci-tech\/why-myanmar-is-frequently-rocked-by-earthquakes-9912160\/#:~:text=Myanmar%20frequently%20experiences%20earthquakes%20due,Fault%2C%20according%20to%20USGS%20data.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Lok Sabha Passes Carriage of Goods by Sea Bill<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Polity&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Lok Sabha has passed the <strong>Carriage of Goods by Sea Bill, 2024<\/strong>, replacing the nearly century-old <strong>Indian Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Bill is part of India\u2019s larger ambition to strengthen its <strong>maritime economy<\/strong>, a critical pillar under initiatives lik<strong>e PM Gati Shakti and Sagarmala.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It aligns India\u2019s maritime law with global standards like the <strong>Hague-Visby Rules<\/strong>, ensuring clarity on the responsibilities, rights, liabilities, and immunities of carriers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It simplifies complex legal jargon and provides certainty for international and domestic stakeholders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>First Person View (FPV) Drones<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Defence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indian Army has achieved a milestone by developing and successfully testing an <strong>indigenous First Person View (FPV) drone<\/strong> equipped with an <strong>anti-tank kamikaze payload.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About First Person View (FPV) Drones<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Definition:<\/strong> FPV drones are remotely piloted aircraft that transmit real-time video feed from an onboard camera to the operator\u2019s goggles or screen, providing a first-person view of the drone&#8217;s perspective.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Purpose: <\/strong>Offers precise navigation and control, especially for tactical or combat missions, racing, surveillance, and reconnaissance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These drones offer a cost-effective means to neutralize high-value enemy assets, such as tanks, thereby enhancing the Army&#8217;s combat effectiveness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The prominence of FPV drones in recent conflicts, notably in Ukraine, has demonstrated their capability to alter battlefield dynamics by effectively neutralizing substantial and costly military assets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/army-inducts-in-house-developed-first-person-view-drones\/article69387082.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>India&#8217;s Coffee Production<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS3\/Economy&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India&#8217;s coffee production for the crop year ending in March 2025 is expected to be 3.52 lakh metric tonnes, with a higher yield anticipated due to adequate blossom showers aiding berry setting.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Coffee production<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India&#8217;s coffee journey began in the 1600s when the holy saint<strong> Baba Budan<\/strong> brought seven Mocha seeds to Karnataka&#8217;s Baba Budan Giri, unknowingly sparking the rise of India as a major coffee producer.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Over the centuries, coffee cultivation evolved into a thriving industry, and today, <strong>India is the seventh-largest coffee producer in the world<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;In FY 2023-24, coffee exports reached $1.29 billion, nearly double the $719.42 million in 2020-21.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Coffee in India is primarily grown<\/strong> in the biodiverse Western and Eastern Ghats, with Karnataka being the largest producer, followed by Kerala and Tamil Nadu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Coffee consumption in India<\/strong> is rising, driven by cafe culture, higher disposable incomes, and a shift towards coffee over tea.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Domestic consumption increased from 84,000 tonnes in 2012 to 91,000 tonnes in 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>India&#8217;s coffee exports<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They&nbsp; have surged due to increasing global demand, with over 9,300 tonnes exported in January 2025.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Top buyers include Italy, Belgium, and Russia.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Most of India\u2019s coffee production (around three-fourths) consists of Arabica and Robusta beans, which are primarily exported as unroasted beans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;There&#8217;s also growing demand for value-added products like roasted and instant coffee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Coffee Board\u2019s Integrated Coffee Development Project (ICDP) focuses on improving yields, expanding cultivation in non-traditional regions, and ensuring sustainability.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :TH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Current Account Deficit (CAD)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Economy&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>India&#8217;s <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/17-02-2023\/moderating-current-account-deficit-cad\"><strong>current account deficit (CAD)<\/strong><\/a> widened to $11.5 billion in Q3 FY25 from $10.4 billion in the same quarter last year, primarily due to an increase in the merchandise trade deficit.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>However, CAD remained stable at 1.1% of GDP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/17-02-2023\/moderating-current-account-deficit-cad\"><strong><u>Current Account Deficit (CAD)<\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It occurs when a country&#8217;s imports of goods and services exceed its exports.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The current account is part of a country&#8217;s balance of payments (BOP), alongside the capital account.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To reduce a current account deficit, a country can increase exports, reduce imports through tariffs or quotas, or implement policies to boost domestic competitiveness.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Currency devaluation can also help by making exports cheaper.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source :TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>India Fell Behind in the Cotton Race&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Economy&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India, once the world\u2019s leading cotton producer and a major exporter, has now become a net importer of cotton.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This shift highlights a deeper crisis rooted in <strong>policy paralysis, regulatory inefficiencies, and the slow adoption of modern agricultural technologie<\/strong>s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cotton Production growth&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India\u2019s cotton production nearly tripled from 13.6 million bales in 2002-03 to 39.8 million bales in 2013-14.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India became the world&#8217;s top cotton producer in 2015-16 and a major exporter by 2011-12.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contributing Factors&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The increase in production was driven by technological advances, such as the development of cotton hybrids like H-4 and Varalaxmi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Introduction of genetically modified (GM) Bt cotton in 2002-03 significantly boosted yields.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bt cotton covered 95% of India\u2019s cotton area by 2013-14, raising lint yields to 566 kg per hectare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Decline&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Post-2014, cotton production has declined, with projections for 2024-25 at 29.5 million bales, the lowest since 2008-09.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yields have dropped below 450 kg per hectare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The decline began with a moratorium on GM Bt brinjal and a growing opposition to GM crops under the UPA government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The government furthered this by halting GM crop trials and treating GM crops as &#8220;hazardous substances.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulatory hurdles have delayed approval for new GM crops like hybrid mustard and improved cotton variants.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Issues like pink bollworm infestations have worsened due to the halt in GM crop technology advancements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Global Implications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India turning into a net importer benefits top cotton exporters like the US and Brazil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pressure may rise for India to remove tariffs on cotton imports, as seen with GM soyabean meal imports in 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Do you know?<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Union Budget 2025-26 has announced a five year Cotton Mission<\/strong> to address the challenges of stagnant cotton productivity and to increase cotton productivity especially extra-long staple varieties.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :IE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Kosi Mechi Intra-State Link Project<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Agriculture<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by PM Modi approved the <strong>Kosi Mechi Intra-State Link Project of Bihar under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (PMKSY-AIBP).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Central Support: <\/strong>Rs. 3,652.56 crore for project completion by March <strong>2029<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Objective:<\/strong> Diversion of <strong>surplus Kosi river water to extend irrigation to the Mahananda basin in Bihar.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Project Details:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Remodelling of Eastern Kosi Main Canal (EKMC).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extending EKMC up to river Mechi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Linking rivers Kosi and Mechi within Bihar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Impact:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Additional 2,10,516 hectares of irrigation in Kharif season.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Irrigation coverage in Araria, Purnea, Kishanganj, and Katihar districts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utilization of 2,050 million cubic meters of surplus Kosi water.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restoration of a shortfall in 1.57 lakh hectares of EKMC&#8217;s existing command.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PMKSY Overview:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Launched in 2015-16<\/strong> for enhanced irrigation access and water conservation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PMKSY (2021-26) has an outlay of Rs. 93,068.56 crore.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The AIBP component focuses on major irrigation projects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Progress:<\/strong> 63 projects completed under PMKSY-AIBP, creating 26.11 lakh hectares of irrigation since 2016.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2116180\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Over 1,000 Species of Fungi Threatened With Extinction: IUCN<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>More than 1,000 species of fungi are threatened with extinction as per the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Deforestation, agricultural expansion and urban development are driving these species to decline worldwide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Fungi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Scientific Classification:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kingdom:<\/strong> Fungi (distinct from Plantae, Animalia, Protista)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cell type<\/strong>: Eukaryotic (Cells contain membrane-bound organelles &amp; nucleus)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cell wall:<\/strong> Composed of chitin (not cellulose)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nutrition: <\/strong>Heterotrophic (saprophytic, parasitic, symbiotic)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Examples: <\/strong>Mushrooms, Yeasts, Molds, Penicillium<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key Characteristics:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reproduction:<\/strong> Both asexual (spores, budding) and sexual<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nutrition:<\/strong> Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food externally and absorb nutrients)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Habitat<\/strong>: Moist, warm environments like soil, decaying matter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Symbiotic Relationships: <\/strong>Lichens: Fungi + Algae\/Cyanobacteria (pioneer species in ecological succession)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mycorrhiza:<\/strong> Fungi + Plant roots (e.g., Glomus species improve nutrient uptake).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Economic &amp; Ecological Importance:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Decomposers:<\/strong> Recycle nutrients in ecosystems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Medicinal:<\/strong> Source of antibiotics like Penicillin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Food Industry:<\/strong> Yeast in baking and alcohol fermentation; edible mushrooms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Biocontrol agents:<\/strong> Trichoderma used in agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/wildlife-biodiversity\/over-1000-species-of-fungi-threatened-with-extinction-iucn#:~:text=There%20are%20now%20more%20than,47%2C187%20are%20threatened%20with%20extinction.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong> DTE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A recent statement by an MP labeling Rajput ruler Rana Sanga as a \u201ctraitor\u201d has sparked controversy over historical interpretations of his role, particularly the claim that he invited Babur to invade India and defeat Ibrahim Lodi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40078"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40090,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40078\/revisions\/40090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}