{"id":40074,"date":"2025-03-29T19:50:37","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T14:20:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=40074"},"modified":"2025-03-29T19:50:39","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T14:20:39","slug":"child-labour-india-study-vs-ncrb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/29-03-2025\/child-labour-india-study-vs-ncrb","title":{"rendered":"New Study Differs from NCRB on the Issue of Child Labour in India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1-Society\/GS2-Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A study on child labour by by Enfold and CivicDataLab, based on <strong>judicial data from the e-Courts platform <\/strong>differs from NCRB and revealed <strong>more child labour cases in six states.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Findings<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Discrepancy in Data:<\/strong> Judicial data reveals<strong> 8 times more child labour <\/strong>cases than reported by NCRB.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NCRB reports 1,329 cases (2015-2022) <\/strong>under the Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>e-Courts data <\/strong>shows<strong> 9,193 trials <\/strong>in the same period, a significant increase.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>10,800 child labour cases were analyzed across six states: <\/strong>Maharashtra, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Issues with NCRB Data: <\/strong>NCRB follows the <strong>\u201cPrincipal Offence Rule\u201d<\/strong>, counting only the most serious crime in cases with multiple offences.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minor crimes, like child labour, may not be reflected if they are part of a larger criminal case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Importance of Data: <\/strong>Data is key for understanding crime trends and addressing issues like child labour.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Helps researchers and academics create better solutions and policies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Issue of Child Labour in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Child Labour continues to be a significant issue in India, despite government efforts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Root causes:<\/strong> Poverty and illiteracy, requiring societal involvement for effective solutions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Statistics on Child Labour<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Census 2001:<\/strong> 1.26 crore working children (age 5-14) out of 25.2 crore total child population.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Census 2011: <\/strong>India had approximately 10.1 million child labourers aged 5-14 years, representing 3.9% of the total child population in this age group. \u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gurupadswamy Committee: <\/strong>It was formed in <strong>1979<\/strong>, to study child labour and propose measures.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Found that poverty was a key barrier to eliminating child labour.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recommended banning child labour in hazardous sectors and regulating other areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advocated for a multiple policy approach.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impact of Child Labour on Society<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hindered Economic Growth: <\/strong>Child labour leads to a loss of productivity in the long term as children miss out on education and skill development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perpetuation of Poverty: <\/strong>Children working instead of studying contribute to the continuation of the poverty cycle, as they are less likely to secure well-paying jobs as adults.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lack of Skilled Workforce:<\/strong> Children involved in labour miss out on education, leading to a lack of skilled workers in the future economy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social Inequality: <\/strong>Child labour exacerbates social inequality, as marginalized and economically disadvantaged children are more likely to be exploited.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Weakens Social Progress:<\/strong> Widespread child labour limits the progress of society, as it hinders efforts to improve education, health, and overall quality of life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Challenges in Preventing Child Labour in India:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Poverty:<\/strong> Families often rely on children&#8217;s income for survival, making it difficult to eliminate child labour.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lack of Access to Education:<\/strong> Poor infrastructure and limited schools, especially in rural areas, prevent children from receiving education.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cultural Acceptance: <\/strong>In some regions, child labour is normalized and seen as part of family tradition or livelihood.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limited Awareness:<\/strong> Lack of awareness among families, employers, and communities about the harmful effects of child labour.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Economic Exploitation:<\/strong> Demand for cheap labour in industries like textiles, agriculture, and construction continues to exploit children.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Migration:<\/strong> Migrant families in urban areas often push children into work due to instability and lack of access to education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Constitutional Provisions:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fundamental Rights:\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Article 21A:<\/strong> The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of 6 to 14 years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 24: <\/strong>Prohibits child labour below 14 years in hazardous employment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Directive Principles of State Policy:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Article 39(e): <\/strong>Protects children from exploitation and abuse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 39(f): <\/strong>Ensures children\u2019s development in conditions of dignity and freedom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Legislative Actions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Child Labour (Prohibition &amp; Regulation) Act, 1986:<\/strong> Prohibited child labour in hazardous occupations and regulated work in other sectors.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ame<\/strong><strong>ndment (2016): <\/strong>Prohibited child employment below 14 years in all occupations.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Extended prohibition to adolescents (14-18 years) in hazardous jobs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Policy on Child Labour (1987):<\/strong> Focused on a gradual and sequential approach.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prioritized the rehabilitation of children and adolescents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Child Labour Project (NCLP): <\/strong>Provides education, vocational training, and rehabilitation for children rescued from labour in high-concentration areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009:<\/strong> Ensures free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14, aiming to keep them out of the workforce.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mid-Day Meal Scheme: <\/strong>Encourages school attendance by providing free meals, reducing the incentive for children to work.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Labour Inspections and Raids: <\/strong>State governments conduct regular inspections and raids to identify and prevent child labour in industries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS): <\/strong>Provides support and rehabilitation for children at risk of exploitation and abuse, including child labour.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/cities\/delhi\/new-study-based-on-court-data-differs-from-ncrb-more-child-labour-cases-in-six-states-9912270\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A study on child labour by by Enfold and CivicDataLab, based on judicial data from the e-Courts platform differs from NCRB and revealed more child labour cases in six states.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40074"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40075,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40074\/revisions\/40075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}