{"id":3932,"date":"2022-09-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-09T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/current_affairs\/uncategorized\/09-09-2022\/undps-human-development-index\/"},"modified":"2022-09-09T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-09-09T00:00:00","slug":"undps-human-development-index","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/09-09-2022\/undps-human-development-index","title":{"rendered":"UNDP&#8217;s Human Development Index"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size:13pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>Human Development Report 2021-22<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"> was recently released.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><strong>Human Development Index<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>Human Development Index<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"> is a composite<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong> index given by the report<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"> that measures<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong> average achievement in human development <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">taking into account four indicators:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Life expectancy at birth (Sustainable Development Goal 3);\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Expected years of schooling (SDG 4.3);\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Mean years of schooling (SDG 4.4); and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Gross national income (GNI) per capita (2017 PPP$) (SDG 8.5).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><strong>Report Highlights<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Global scenario:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">A combination of the <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>COVID-19 pandemic, Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine and climate crises<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"> has dragged down the human development score in 90 percent of the countries.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">This reduction has reversed much of the progress toward the <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>Sustainable Development Goals<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">A large contributor to the Human Development Index\u2019s recent decline is a <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>global drop in life expectancy<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">, down<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong> from 72.8 years in 2019 to 71.4 years in 2021.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-left:48px; text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size:13pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/HMLIIwmB3xnlJXOnimtpvSdM8TMB7OymLnjRYawnvcWLDGZKwYlzDfaxcaj1BGK4SPLFl2Cna6EC-NeB-hOqdqLovTvDahuemYeQ3HWJfAkntg8unokRUbGbjCwhtWHhc61EpsZlmq2fJkTVEf089eLiPWvcQT43AYVmsixU4qcqG2-7KU2Au_x_kA\" style=\"height:569.0; width:383.0\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">India\u2019s position:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">India\u2019s rank on the Human Development Index has <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>slipped from 130 in 2020 to 132 in 2021<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">, in line with a global fall in HDI scores in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">India\u2019s HDI value:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">India\u2019s HDI value stood at 0.633 during 2021, which was lower than the world average of 0.732.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">In 2020, too, India recorded a decline in its HDI value (0.642) in comparison to the pre-Covid level of 2019 (0.645).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Indicator-specific values:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">2021:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">India\u2019s life expectancy at birth was recorded at 67.2 years;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Expected years of schooling at 11.9 years;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Mean years of schooling at 6.7 years; and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Gross national income per capita (2017 PPP) at $6,590.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">2022:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">On all these four parameters, India was behind the world averages in 2021:\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Life expectancy at 71.4 years,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Expected years of schooling at 12.8 years,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Mean years of schooling at 8.6 years and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Gross national income per capita (2017 PPP$) at $16,752.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Reasons behind India\u2019s drop:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Like global trends, in India\u2019s case, the drop in HDI from 0.645 in 2019 to 0.633 in 2021 can be attributed to falling life expectancy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-left:48px; text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/tmON_qfZ1Iz3l2IeJVpioGzi_YvF70Nq-OM_9SA8msBMFQ9q7XtKGpKqlvnDEsK6snsNImDk3tlXLZjH_G8K5CxviRNZMYil2s-uX3gdlMMM5lpM595jhv68uHM2docjzy2Tv75uWlKEnt9Woq3XIiwutgHeCBqeoDkRjaY1MFIJl4Hib3K69oADCA\" style=\"height:287.0; width:377.0\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Parameters where India showed improvement:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">The report highlighted some areas where India showed improvement.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Inequality:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Compared to 2019, the impact of inequality on human development is lower.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">India is bridging the human development gap between men and women faster than the world.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">This development has come at a smaller cost to the environment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Health and education:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">The intergovernmental organisation lauded India\u2019s investment in health and education, helping it come closer to the global human development average since 1990.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Clean water, sanitation and affordable clean energy:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">The country is improving access to clean water, sanitation and affordable clean energy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Vulnerable population:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:square\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">According to the UN recent policy decisions made by the country have increased access to social protection for the vulnerable population groups, it highlighted.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; border:none; width:629px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:629px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><strong>Human Development Index (HDI)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">The Human Development Index (HDI) is a tool used to measure a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong> country\u2019s overall achievement i<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">n its social and economic dimensions.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">The rank indicates the state of a nation\u2019s health, education and average income.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"> created the Human Development Index in <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>1990 <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">and this was <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>further used by UNDP in creating a report<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"> on the nation\u2019s socio-economic achievement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>Limitation of Human Development Index<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">The Human Development Index notably fails to take account of qualitative factors, such as cultural identity and political freedoms (human security, gender opportunities and human rights).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">PPP values change very quickly and are likely to be inaccurate or misleading.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">Human Development Index also struggles with the accuracy and meaningfulness of the underlying data.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><strong>Sustainable Development Goals<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">The United Nations Document \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">\u201d.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:circle\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">This agenda contains 17 goals and 169 targets.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">The agenda is built on the <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><strong>Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">, which were adopted in 2000 and were to be achieved by 2015.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">SDGs provide a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type:disc\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\">They recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth \u2013 all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/xqYyzhQEXODPsPPoSyjvt0kOxVxIqqvs1KIOd6jWaqAQr8WzcMxd_8YMyeatiu2qmIDfHp_vk3fFLTYL8Kpvf94XvFZTgy9eTaLpQU2wMllrBImQfj_E6LsdQ0FbPfhF1zVFy1c9jTnt-OnlOsoZ0PERsp1I8xbdjxCQYACOkhOWFSmlPq4_u8VZuQ\" style=\"height:322.0; width:515.0\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/india-ranks-132-out-of-191-in-undps-human-development-index\/article65866108.ece\" style=\"text-decoration-line:none\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\"Book Antiqua\",serif\"><span style=\"color:#1155cc\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In News Human Development Report 2021-22 was recently released. Human Development Index Human Development Index is a composite index given by the report that measures average achievement in human development taking into account four indicators:\u00a0 Life expectancy at birth (Sustainable Development Goal 3);\u00a0 Expected years of schooling (SDG 4.3);\u00a0 Mean years of schooling (SDG 4.4); [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[25],"class_list":["post-3932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-gs1"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2023\/07\/926202Screenshot_20220909-213028_Files.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3932"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3932\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3932"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}