{"id":39144,"date":"2025-03-13T19:17:39","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T13:47:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=39144"},"modified":"2025-03-13T19:17:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T13:47:41","slug":"former-philippine-president-duterte-arrested-by-icc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/13-03-2025\/former-philippine-president-duterte-arrested-by-icc","title":{"rendered":"Former Philippine President Duterte Arrested By ICC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Syllabus: GS2\/ International Organisation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In News<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Former Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte<\/strong> was taken into custody based on a warrant issued by the International Criminal Court (ICC).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    More About the News<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • He was accused of crimes against humanity over his deadly “war on drugs”<\/strong> during his tenure where more than 6, 000 suspects were killed which UN found that most victims were young, poor urban males.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Also, earlier, the International Criminal Court (ICC) <\/strong>issued an arrest warrant against Russian President Vladimir Putin<\/strong> for alleged war crimes in Ukraine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      International Criminal Court (ICC)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • About:<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the world\u2019s first permanent international court <\/strong>established to investigate and prosecute individuals accused of serious international crimes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Establishment:\u00a0<\/strong>\n
            \n
          • Under the Rome Statute (1998<\/strong>), has 125 member states and exercises jurisdiction over four core crimes:<\/strong>\n
              \n
            • Genocide<\/strong> (Intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Crimes against Humanity<\/strong> (Widespread attacks against civilians)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • War Crimes <\/strong>(Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Crimes of Aggression<\/strong> (Acts of aggression by a state violating sovereignty, territorial integrity)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Jurisdiction:<\/strong> The ICC can exercise jurisdiction when:\n
                \n
              • Crimes are committed by a national of a State Party or on territory of a State Party.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • A non-member state accepts ICC jurisdiction voluntarily.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • The UN Security Council can refer a case to the ICC (Chapter VII of the UN Charter).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • The ICC Prosecutor initiates an investigation upon own initiative or a State Party\u2019s request.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Enforcement Challenges:<\/strong>\n
                  \n
                • The ICC does not have its own police force and relies on state cooperation for arrests and extraditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Non-member states have no obligation to cooperate (e.g., Israel, the US, Russia, China, and India).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  Why Has India Not Joined the ICC?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • India has refrained from joining the Rome Statute, citing concerns over:\n
                      \n
                    • Sovereignty and Political Interference: <\/strong>ICC\u2019s subordination to the UN Security Council raises concerns that it could be politically misused. The power to bind non-member states violates India\u2019s principle of sovereignty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Wide Powers of the ICC Prosecutor:<\/strong> The ICC Prosecutor can initiate investigations suo motu (on its own)<\/strong>, without a State Party referral. This broad power raises concerns about misuse for political purposes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Exclusion of Key Security Issues:<\/strong> Terrorism and nuclear weapons use are not covered under ICC jurisdiction. India believes that these issues pose major security threats and should be included.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Lack of Protection for Armed Forces: <\/strong>India is concerned that Indian military personnel deployed in conflict zones (e.g., Kashmir, Northeast India, or UN Peacekeeping missions) could be unfairly targeted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Selective Prosecution and Western Bias: <\/strong>ICC has failed to investigate powerful countries for their military interventions (e.g., US in Iraq, Russia in Ukraine, NATO\u2019s Libya intervention).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      Features<\/strong><\/th>International Criminal Court (ICC)<\/strong><\/th>International Court of Justice (ICJ)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                      Establishment<\/strong><\/td>2002 (Rome Statute, 1998)<\/td>1945 (UN Charter)<\/td><\/tr>
                      Location<\/strong><\/td>The Hague, Netherlands<\/td>The Hague, Netherlands<\/td><\/tr>
                      Jurisdiction<\/strong><\/td>Individuals accused of serious crimes<\/td>Disputes between states<\/td><\/tr>
                      Crimes Covered<\/strong><\/td>Genocide, War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity, Crime of Aggression<\/td>Legal disputes (sovereignty, borders, treaty violations) and advisory opinions<\/td><\/tr>
                      Binding Nature<\/strong><\/td>ICC rulings are legally binding but rely on state cooperation for enforcement<\/td>ICJ rulings are binding but can be ignored (enforcement through UN Security Council)<\/td><\/tr>
                      Membership<\/strong><\/td>125 States Parties (Rome Statute)<\/td>All 193 UN Member States<\/td><\/tr>
                      Cases Heard<\/strong><\/td>Criminal cases against individuals<\/td>Civil cases between states<\/td><\/tr>
                      Appeal<\/strong><\/td>Has an appeals mechanism<\/td>No formal appeals process<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Former Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte was taken into custody based on a warrant issued by the International Criminal Court (ICC).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39144"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39145,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39144\/revisions\/39145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}