{"id":37726,"date":"2025-02-20T19:15:21","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T13:45:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=37726"},"modified":"2025-03-01T18:16:34","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T12:46:34","slug":"chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-jayanti-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/20-02-2025\/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-jayanti-3","title":{"rendered":"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS 1\/History&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Prime Minister, Narendra Modi has paid homage to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/21-02-2023\/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-jayanti\"><strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj on his Jayanti.<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/21-02-2023\/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-jayanti\"><strong><u>Shivaji<\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He was born in 1630 in Maharashtra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was a prominent warrior king and founder of the Maratha Empire, widely admired for his progressive leadership, military acumen, and fight for Swarajya (self-rule).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was inspired by the teachings of Maharashtra saints like Tukaram, Dnyaneshwar, and Ramdas, who promoted social equality and spiritual awakening.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Coronation\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In 1674, Shivaji crowned himself at Raigad, marking the start of the \u2018Rajyabhisheka Era\u2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shivaji aimed to completely separate from the Mughal Empire by establishing a new coinage and regal insignia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Administration<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He formed a council of eight ministers called the <strong>Ashtapradhna<\/strong>, drawing inspiration from ancient Indian political texts like Mahabharata and Sukraniti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shivaji\u2019s kingdom was divided into administrative units like Prants, Tarafs, and Maujas.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Each Prant was governed by a Subedar and a Karkun, while a Taraf was managed by a Havaldar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sanskrit titles were given to positions like Deshadhikari, Mukhya-Deshadhikari, Lekhak, and Mukhya-Lekhak<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Revenue System<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He ensured financial unity by adopting<strong> Malik Ambar\u2019s land revenue <\/strong>system, which classified land based on fertility and fixed government shares.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He abolished intermediaries (landlords or mirasdars) and controlled land revenue collection directly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other sources of state revenue included customs, transit duties, fines, war booty, <strong>Chauth, and Sardeshmukhi.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td>&#8211; <strong>Chauth: <\/strong>25 per cent of the land revenue claimed by zamindars. In the Deccan, this was collected by the Marathas.<br>&#8211; <strong>Sardeshmukhi<\/strong>:\u00a0 9\u201310 per cent of the land revenue paid to the head revenue collector in the Deccan.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Judicial System<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The judicial system was based on ancient Indian texts like Manusmriti and Sukraniti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Courts like the Raj Sabha, Dharmasabha, and Brahman Sabha played crucial roles in decision-making.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disputes at the village level were resolved by panchayats, with higher appeals made to the mamladar or Peshwa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00a0Economic and Agricultural Policies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Shivaji encouraged agriculture and the prosperity of peasants by eliminating oppressive feudal lords.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>New cultivators were given seeds and cattle and their loans recovered over time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He also emphasized moderate taxation on newly cultivated lands and excluded wastelands from taxation initially.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00a0Military and Foreign Affairs<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He maintained a strong military to protect Swarajya and manage territories.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>His foreign policy involved strategic alliances, diplomacy, and maintaining an efficient intelligence network.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He charted a course for a self-reliant naval force, earning the title of the \u2018Father of the Indian Navy\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Legacy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Shivaji&#8217;s governance laid the foundation for the Maratha Empire, combining a spirit of nationalism with a strong, practical administrative structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His legacy is seen as a transformation in the way leadership and governance were perceived in 17th-century India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-dominant-color=\"a7c9d9\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #a7c9d9;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"153\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Chhatrapati-Shivaji-Maharaj-Jayanti.png\" alt=\"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-37727\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Source :PIB<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Prime Minister, Narendra Modi has paid homage to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj on his Jayanti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37726"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37726\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37728,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37726\/revisions\/37728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}