{"id":37028,"date":"2025-02-08T20:01:52","date_gmt":"2025-02-08T14:31:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=37028"},"modified":"2025-08-12T16:49:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T11:19:08","slug":"news-in-short-8-february-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/08-02-2025\/news-in-short-8-february-2025","title":{"rendered":"News In Short 8-2-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Informing Accused Grounds of Arrest Constitutional Requirement<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Polity and Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Supreme Court of India has ruled that informing an accused of the grounds of arrest is not a mere formality but a mandatory constitutional requirement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Supreme court ruling<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Court held that failing to inform the accused of the reasons for arrest amounts to a <strong>violation of fundamental rights<\/strong> enshrined under <strong>Article 22, Part III <\/strong>of the Constitution.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The information must be conveyed in a manner that effectively communicates the grounds of arrest to the accused in a language they understand.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The court also referred to <strong>Article 21<\/strong> and said no person could be deprived of their liberty except in accordance with the legal procedure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Constitutional Provisions<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Article 22(1) <\/strong>of the Indian Constitution states; No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as possible, of the grounds for such arrest.<br>1. The arrested person shall not be denied the right to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of their choice.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Burden of Proof on Law Enforcement: <\/strong>If an accused alleges a violation of Article 22(1), the police must prove compliance with the mandate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Judicial Oversight:<\/strong> Judicial magistrates, when granting remand, are required to ascertain whether compliance with Article 22(1) and other legal safeguards has been met.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/hindu.com\/news\/national\/informing-accused-grounds-of-arrest-constitutional-requirement-supreme-court\/article69194921.ece#:~:text=%22If%20the%20grounds%20of%20\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>National Commission for Safai Karamcharis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Governance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Union Cabinet has approved the extension of the <strong>National Commission for Safai Karamcharis (NCSK)<\/strong> tenure until March 31, 2028, with a financial implication of around Rs 51 crore.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About the National Commission for Safai Karamcharis (NCSK)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was established on 12th August 1994 under the National Commission for Safai Karamcharis Act, 1993, initially for a period of 3 years as a statutory body.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Act was extended until 2004, after which the Commission became a <strong>non-statutory body<\/strong> under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Commission takes suo-motu notice of issues affecting Safai Karamcharis based on media reports or observations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Composition <\/strong>: The Commission consists of a Chairperson (Union Minister of State rank), a Vice-Chairperson (Secretary rank), five members (including one woman member), and a Secretary (Joint Secretary rank).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mandate of the Commission: <\/strong>Recommend programs for the elimination of inequalities for Safai Karamcharis (sanitation workers).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Evaluate and study social and economic rehabilitation programs for Safai Karamcharis and scavengers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitor working conditions (health, safety, wages) of Safai Karamcharis employed by various employers, including government bodies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Expanded Mandate (Post-2013): <\/strong>Following the enactment of &#8220;The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and Their Rehabilitation Act, 2013&#8221;, the Commission&#8217;s scope expanded to Monitor implementation of the Act.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Take suo-motu notice of non-implementation of the Act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Supreme Court Judgment (2023): <\/strong>The Commission monitors the implementation of Supreme Court directives to eliminate manual scavenging.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Directive involves the compensation, rehabilitation measures and establishment of accountability mechanisms related to manual scavenging.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :IE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Ministry of Ayush has launched a campaign titled \u201cShatavari \u2013 For Better Health\u201d to promote the medicinal and health benefits of Asparagus racemosus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) <\/strong>is a<strong> medicinal plant<\/strong> widely used in <strong>Ayurveda<\/strong>, the traditional system of Indian medicine.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Characteristics:<\/strong> Shatavari is a <strong>climbing plant <\/strong>with stems that can grow up to 4 meters long.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It has an adventitious root system with both <strong>fibrous and tuberous roots<\/strong>, which can reach about one meter in length and taper at both ends.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distribution:<\/strong> It extends from <strong>Africa through southern Asia<\/strong>, including the Indian subcontinent, to northern Australia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Use: <\/strong>The plant is known for its <strong>adaptogenic <\/strong>(help to regulate the body\u2019s systems and improve resistance to stress) and <strong>rejuvenating properties<\/strong>, especially in women\u2019s health and overall immunity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2100345\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>United States Agency of International Development (USAID)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/International Bodies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Donald Trump administration is set to reduce the <strong>US Agency for International Development (USAID) <\/strong>workforce as part of a government reorganisation effort.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About: USAID<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>History:<\/strong> Established in <strong>1961<\/strong> by U.S. President John F. Kennedy at the height of the United States&#8217; <strong>Cold War struggle <\/strong>with the Soviet Union.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Significance: <\/strong>USAID is a <strong>crucial arm of U.S. foreign policy<\/strong>, used to <strong>strengthen alliances, exert diplomatic influence<\/strong>, and <strong>support global development<\/strong> by assisting countries recovering from disasters, fighting poverty, and promoting democratic reforms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aid Recipients (2023):<\/strong> The agency provided <strong>assistance to over 130 countries<\/strong>, with <strong>Ukraine, Ethiopia, Jordan, Somalia, and Afghanistan<\/strong> being the top beneficiaries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Workforce: <\/strong>It employs over 10,000 people worldwide, <strong>two-thirds<\/strong> of whom work outside the U.S. However, Trump&#8217;s overhaul aims to<strong> slash staff from 10,000 to just 300<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Do you know?<\/strong><br>&#8211; USAID in 1965 gave<strong> India a $67 million loan<\/strong> to build a chemical fertiliser factory in Madras (now Chennai) <strong>on the condition<\/strong> that a private American company be in charge of distribution, rather than the Indian government, and <strong>no additional fertiliser plants <\/strong>be built in the region.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/trump-musk-gun-for-usaid-all-about-the-agency-its-role-in-india-9816010\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Algo Trading Framework<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/03-03-2022\/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-sebi\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/03-03-2022\/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-sebi\">Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)<\/a> has recently introduced a framework to facilitate safe participation of retail investors in algorithmic (algo) trading.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Need<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The move aims to democratize access to advanced trading strategies traditionally dominated by institutional investors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Algorithmic Trading<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Algorithmic trading involves the use of computer algorithms to execute trades based on predefined strategies, enabling rapid processing of large data volumes and swift order execution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>SEBI&#8217;s Framework for Retail Participation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SEBI&#8217;s new framework permits retail investors to engage in algo trading through registered brokers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brokers must obtain approval from stock exchanges for each algorithmic strategy they offer to retail clients.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All algo orders will be tagged with a unique identifier provided by stock exchanges to ensure transparency and maintain an audit trail.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brokers are required to implement secure Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) with measures like two-factor authentication and static IPs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>White-Box vs. Black-Box Algorithms<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>White-Box Algos:<\/strong> These are transparent and replicable algorithms. Retail investors can use them freely, provided they meet necessary requirements and are registered with brokers and exchanges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Black-Box Algos:<\/strong> Proprietary systems where the underlying logic is not disclosed. Providers of such algos must register as research analysts with exchanges and submit detailed research reports for each algo they offer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: LM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM), has helped to boost the rural economy and reduce import dependency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM) was launched in <strong>2018-19<\/strong> as a <strong>Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS)<\/strong> to boost bamboo cultivation, value addition, and market integration.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Objective:<\/strong> It provides assistance for the propagation and cultivation of bamboo in non-forest land, bamboo treatment, establishment of markets, incubation centers, value added product development &amp; processing and development of tools &amp; equipment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The funding pattern follows a <strong>60:40 ratio <\/strong>between the Centre and States (except <strong>90:10<\/strong> for NE &amp; Hilly States, and 100% for UTs).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Evolution of NBM<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The National Bamboo Mission (NBM) <\/strong>was initially launched in <strong>2006<\/strong> under the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers&#8217; Welfare.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was later subsumed under the <strong>Mission for Development of Horticulture (2014-16).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 2018, it was restructured under the <strong>National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)<\/strong> with an enhanced focus on market linkages, value addition, and R&amp;D.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In 2018<\/strong> the<strong> Indian Forest Act, 1927, <\/strong>was amended to remove bamboo grown outside forests from the definition of trees, thereby easing its cultivation and trade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2099765#:~:text=Major%20objectives%20of%20the%20Mission,and%20re%2Dalign%20efforts%20to\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>India\u2019s Single Largest Solar Cell Making Unit<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The CM of Tamil Nadu inaugurated India&#8217;s single largest solar cell and module manufacturing unit at the Gangaikondan SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Gangaikondan SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre is an industrial park in the village of Gangaikondan, <strong>Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was set up by Tata Power&#8217;s solar energy manufacturing arm, TP Solar Limited.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capacity:<\/strong> The facility would produce photovoltaic cells and modules for solar power generating units having an annual capacity of around <strong>4 GW.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Production:<\/strong> The unit will produce mono of 182mm and multi-crystalline cells of 158.25mm sizes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/Madurai\/cm-inaugurates-indias-single-largest-solar-cell-module-manufacturing-unit\/article69187724.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>TROPEX Exercise<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Defence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The 2025 edition of Indian Navy&#8217;s Theatre Level Operational Exercise (TROPEX) is currently underway in the Indian Ocean Region.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About exercise<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The exercise is conducted biennially and spans three months (January-March 2025).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Participants: <\/strong>All operational Indian Naval units, along with Indian Army, Air Force, and Coast Guard assets.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Approximately 65 Indian Naval Ships, 9 Submarines, and over 80 Aircraft of various types are participating.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Objective: <\/strong>The exercise has grown in scope and complexity over the years.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It focuses on coordinated planning, precise targeting, combat effectiveness, and credible joint operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It aims to validate the Indian Navy&#8217;s core warfighting skills.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It also aims to ensure a synchronized, integrated response for national maritime security against conventional, asymmetric, and hybrid threats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source&nbsp; :TH<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Supreme Court of India has ruled that informing an accused of the grounds of arrest is not a mere formality but a mandatory constitutional requirement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37028","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37028"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37028\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51078,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37028\/revisions\/51078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37028"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37028"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37028"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}