{"id":36412,"date":"2025-01-29T19:19:05","date_gmt":"2025-01-29T13:49:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=36412"},"modified":"2025-01-29T19:19:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T13:49:06","slug":"news-in-short-29-january-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/29-01-2025\/news-in-short-29-january-2025","title":{"rendered":"News In Short 29-1-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Libia Lobo Sardesai Awarded Padma Shri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Personalities<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Libia Lobo Sardesai<\/strong>, a 100-year-old freedom fighter, recently honored with the <strong>Padma Shri <\/strong>for her pivotal role in <strong>Goa\u2019s liberation movement.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Libia Lobo Sardesai<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Early Life &amp; Inspiration: <\/strong>Born on 25th May 1924 in Portuguese-ruled Goa.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Raised in Mumbai, she became actively involved in the Goan nationalist movement during her college years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role in Goa\u2019s Liberation:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Underground Radio Station (1955-1961): Libia, along with Vaman Sardesai, operated the \u2018Voice of Freedom of Goa\u2019, an underground radio station.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It countered Portuguese propaganda, keeping the Goan people informed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Enduring Hardships: <\/strong>Worked from the jungles of Amboli and Castle Rock, facing harsh conditions, isolation, and threats from Portuguese authorities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Historic Announcement: <\/strong>On 19th December 1961, she flew over Panaji in an Indian Air Force plane, announcing Goa\u2019s liberation in Portuguese and Konkani.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Post-Independence Contributions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First Director of Tourism for Goa, Daman, and Diu, shaping the region\u2019s tourism industry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Became the first practicing female lawyer in Goa, breaking gender barriers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Founded the Women\u2019s Cooperative Bank, empowering women in financial independence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Events in the Liberation Struggle<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1954 Economic Blockade: <\/strong>India exerted economic pressure, restricting Portuguese access to essential resources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Operation Vijay (1961):<\/strong> On 17th December 1961, India launched a final military operation to liberate Goa. Lt. Gen. J.N. Chaudhuri led Operation Vijay.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Within 48 hours, the Portuguese surrendered on 19th December 1961, marking Goa\u2019s official independence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Bomb Cyclone<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS1\/Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Storm \u00c9owyn, a powerful <strong>&#8220;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/27-12-2022\/bomb-cyclone\"><strong>bomb<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/02-12-2024\/cyclone-fengal\"><strong>cyclone<\/strong><\/a><strong>,<\/strong>&#8221; brought severe winds to the British Isles, especially Ireland and Scotland.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This intense storm has been compared to historic events like the Great Storm of 1987 and Storm Eunice in 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Bomb <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/02-12-2024\/cyclone-fengal\"><strong><u>Cyclone<\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is\u00a0 a term used by meteorologists and it occurs when a <strong>midlatitude <\/strong>(the latitudes between the tropics and polar regions) cyclone rapidly intensifies, or strengthens, over a 24 hour period.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This intensification is represented by a <strong>drop in millibars,<\/strong> a measurement of pressure used in meteorology.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This intensification happens when a cold air mass collides with a warm air mass, such as over warm ocean waters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is also known as <strong>Bombogenesis\u00a0 <\/strong>and<strong> <\/strong>it can cause hurricane-force winds, heavy precipitation, and dangerous conditions, primarily during winter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :DTE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Use Fingerprints to Solve Crimes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS2\/Governance, GS3\/ S&amp;T<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the ongoing investigation of a <strong>knife attack on a Bollywood actor<\/strong>, it remains unclear whether the <strong>fingerprints collected from the crime scene<\/strong> match the <strong>arrested suspect<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fingerprint Use in Law Enforcement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fingerprint Analysis Process: <\/strong>Prints from the crime scene are compared to <strong>suspect records<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Key Uses: Identifying prior criminal records<\/strong> of arrested individuals.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Matching crime scene prints<\/strong> with suspects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legal Framework:\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022<\/strong>: Allows <strong>storage of fingerprints<\/strong> for individuals arrested for <strong>serious crimes<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Matching Process: Digital Analysis or Expert Verification<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Henry Classification System<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Used by the <strong>CID for fingerprint matching<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A <strong>10-point match<\/strong> is considered <strong>conclusive evidence<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Challenges: Smudged or unclear prints<\/strong> may lead to <strong>inconclusive findings<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fingerprint analysis remains a <strong>crucial forensic tool<\/strong> in criminal investigations, but <strong>accuracy depends on print quality<\/strong> and <strong>method of verification<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Certificate of Origin (eCoO) 2.0 System<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has launched the enhanced Certificate of Origin (eCoO) 2.0 System.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is designed <strong>to simplify the certification process for exporters and enhance trade efficiency.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It offers multi-user access, which enables exporters to authorize multiple users under a single Importer Exporter Code (IEC).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It offers exporters seamless access to eCoO services, Free Trade Agreement (FTA) information, trade events, and other resources.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Significance:\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These certificates cater to goods not of Indian origin, intended for re-export, trans-shipment, or merchanting trade.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This initiative not only simplifies the certification process but also accelerates processing times, making it particularly beneficial for global supply chains involving intermediary trade through India.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096786\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>DeepSeek<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Science and Tech<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>China has developed DeepSeek AI models, DeepSeek-V3 and DeepSeek-R1.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This has emerged as strong contenders in the global AI landscape, performing on par with <strong>ChatGPT<\/strong> and other leading AI systems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About DeepSeek\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DeepSeek<\/strong> is the name of a<strong> free AI-powered chatbot,<\/strong> developed by the Chinese AI company founded by entrepreneur Liang Wenfeng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How is it Different?\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was built at a <strong>fraction of the cost of industry-leading models<\/strong> like OpenAI &#8211; because it uses fewer advanced chips.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its base model DeepSeek-R1 appears to have been trained via accurate sources while <strong>introducing a layer of censorship<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It surpasses models developed by tech giants Google, Meta, and Anthropic <strong>in terms of overall quality<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DeepSeek is also <strong>faster than GPT 4,<\/strong> more practical and, according to many experts, <strong>even understands regional idioms and cultural contexts <\/strong>better than its Western counterparts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Large Language Model (LLM)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A Large Language Model (LLM) is a type of AI trained to understand and generate human language.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These models are built on deep learning techniques allowing them to process and generate text in a coherent, contextually appropriate manner.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LLMs are used for various tasks, including text generation, language translation, and summarization.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong><em>Note: For Detailed Analysis about this you can refer our Daily News Decoded Video on <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/playlist?list=PL1sgm5x8M9FAIX1lbd9Ddm88Ei4ebMHB6&amp;si=9HH5azS9JzZcNO-p\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>NEXTIAS Youtube Channel<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-sci-tech\/deepseek-open-source-ai-big-tech-9803764\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>F11 Bacteria<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ S&amp;T<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A new study has identified <strong>Labrys portucalensis F11<\/strong>, a strain of <strong>aerobic bacterium from the Xanthobacteraceae family<\/strong>, capable of breaking down and transforming at least three types of <strong>per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About F11 Bacteria<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The bacteria supports bioaugmentation in wastewater treatment &amp; contaminated soil cleanup.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bioaugmentation is <\/strong>a technique where specific microorganisms are introduced to degrade persistent pollutants in contaminated environments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It breaks the <strong>carbon-fluorine bond in PFAS<\/strong>, allowing degradation of toxic compounds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About PFAS (\u2018Forever Chemicals\u2019)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A class of toxic, highly persistent synthetic chemicals resistant to grease, oil, water, and heat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They have one of the strongest carbon-fluorine bonds, making them extremely difficult to degrade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are used in nonstick utensils, waterproof clothes etc.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.earth.com\/news\/bacteria-strain-identified-that-can-eat-forever-chemicals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Earth<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Silicon Carbide\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ S&amp;T<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Researchers at IIT-Madras have achieved a significant breakthrough in <strong>extracting silicon carbide (SiC) <\/strong>from simulated lunar soil.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Silicon Carbide\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a synthetic crystalline compound composed of <strong>silicon (Si) and carbon (C)<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is renowned for its hardness, thermal stability, and chemical resistance, making it a critical material across various industries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: BL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Organophosphates\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS3\/Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In Jammu and Kashmir, 17 deaths have been reported, likely due to poisoning from <strong>organophosphates<\/strong>, which are commonly used in pesticides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Organophosphates<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Organophosphates are chemical compounds used in herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, and nerve gas, formed through the<strong> esterification of phosphoric acid and alcohol.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Effects<\/strong>: They work by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), causing an accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) in the body.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This leads to symptoms of cholinergic toxidrome, such as altered mental status, miosis, salivation, sweating, muscle weakness, and, in severe cases, respiratory failure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treatment <\/strong>focuses on recognizing the toxidrome and administering atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, to counteract the effects.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pralidoxime is used in some cases to reverse the bond between organophosphates and AChE, though it is time-sensitive and dependent on the type of organophosphate.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source&nbsp; :IE<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Libia Lobo Sardesai, a 100-year-old freedom fighter, recently honored with the Padma Shri for her pivotal role in Goa\u2019s liberation movement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36412"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36413,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36412\/revisions\/36413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}