{"id":36330,"date":"2025-01-28T18:59:53","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T13:29:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=36330"},"modified":"2025-01-29T11:01:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T05:31:20","slug":"news-in-short-28-january-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/28-01-2025\/news-in-short-28-january-2025","title":{"rendered":"News In Short 28-1-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Lezim&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Hindi film \u2018Chhaava\u2019 based on Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj landed in a controversy with people objecting to a <strong>Lezim dance sequence.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lezim or lazium<\/strong> is a folk dance form, from the <strong>state of Maharashtra<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It gets its name after a <strong>musical instrument- a unique wooden stick, with jingling cymbals <\/strong>attached to it that the dancers carry while performing the dance.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lizem was earlier traditionally used as an instrument in all folk dances but today it is <strong>primarily used in Ganesha procession.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ddd9da\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"222\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Lezim.webp\" alt=\"Lezim\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-36332\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ddd9da; width:220px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Lezim.webp 222w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Lezim-211x300.webp 211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Traditionally, it was performed as a<strong> sport by Maratha warriors<\/strong> to build their <strong>muscles and fitness drills in Maharashtra.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lezim folk dance originated in the year <strong>1986, <\/strong>when some of the communities started performing it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj was the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He came to power following a bloody succession battle with his half-brother Rajaram in 1681.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (1618-1707) was a contemporary and his plan to extend his empire towards the Deccan often resulted in clashes with the Marathas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-culture\/chhava-controversy-why-some-have-objected-to-film-on-chhatrapati-sambhaji-maharaj-9802735\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Lala Lajpat Rai<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS 1\/History&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India is remembering Lala Lajpat Rai on his 160th Birth Anniversary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Birth and Early Life:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Born on 28th January 1865 in Dhudike, Ludhiana district, Punjab.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was one of the \u201c<strong>Lal Bal Pal\u201d<\/strong> trio, along with <strong>Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He&nbsp; supported the Shuddhi movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contributions : <\/strong>&nbsp;Joined Arya Samaj in 1882 and became one of its prominent leaders.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Played a key role in social welfare, famine relief, and abolition of untouchability.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Founded the Hindu Relief Movement in 1897 to help famine-stricken people and prevent missionary influence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He founded<strong> Punjab National Bank, Lakshmi Insurance Company, and the Servants of the People Society.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was associated with the establishment of DAV College for educational purposes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Writing and Advocacy: <\/strong>Wrote biographies on Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji, and Swami Dayanand.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Authored &#8220;Unhappy India&#8221; in response to Katherine Mayo\u2019s &#8220;Mother India.&#8221; and Young India: An Interpretation.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Used his writings to advocate for India&#8217;s freedom and culture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Political Activities and Nationalism: <\/strong>Opposed British colonial policies, became a prominent leader in Indian National Congress.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Advocated for Swadeshi and opposed British repression after the partition of Bengal in 1905.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Criticized &#8220;Moderate&#8221; politics, advocating for more direct action and self-reliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was&nbsp; widely recognized as <strong>Punjab Kesari.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exile and International Efforts: <\/strong>Went into exile in 1907, toured England and the USA, speaking against British colonialism.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Started &#8220;<strong>Indian Home Rule League of America&#8221;<\/strong> to support India\u2019s independence movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Return to India and Later Contributions: <\/strong>&nbsp;In the special session of the Congress held in Calcutta (1920) Lala Lajpat Rai was elected President by the All India Congress Committee.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was under his leadership that the Congress adopted the resolution of Non-cooperation with the British Government after the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Final Struggle and Death: <\/strong>Led the boycott procession against the Simon Commission in 1928.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Received fatal injuries from police lathi charges on 30th October 1928, dying on 17th November 1928.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legacy: <\/strong>Lala Lajpat Rai\u2019s contributions to the freedom movement, social reforms, and education continue to inspire generations.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Left a legacy of patriotism, sacrifice, and inspiration for India&#8217;s freedom struggle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source :Air&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Lake Victoria<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Places in News<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An international team of researchers from North America and Kenya has completed a <strong>genetic survey of cyanobacteria<\/strong> in the<strong> Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cyanobacteria,<\/strong> formerly known as blue-green algae, form dense and sometimes toxic blooms in freshwater and marine environments.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These blooms disrupt ecosystems, degrade water quality, and pose serious risks to humans, livestock, and aquatic life.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Winam Gulf,<\/strong> known for its prolific year-round cyanoHABs, is one of Lake Victoria\u2019s most productive fishing basins.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The study investigated cyanobacterial assemblage, function, and biosynthetic potential across different regions of the gulf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Victoria Lake<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is the <strong>world&#8217;s largest tropical lake<\/strong>. It&#8217;s also the<strong> largest lake in Africa,<\/strong> and the <strong>second-largest freshwater lake<\/strong> in the world by surface area&nbsp; (after Lake Superior in North America).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The lake was named in honour of <strong>Queen Victoria of England.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is located in <strong>East Africa, <\/strong>spanning towards the borders of <strong>three countries: Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d1e2d6\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"666\" height=\"514\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Lake-Victoria-basin.webp\" alt=\"Lake-Victoria-basin\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-36333\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d1e2d6; width:432px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Lake-Victoria-basin.webp 666w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Lake-Victoria-basin-300x232.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The lake serves as the <strong>chief reservoir of the River Nile.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The lake is a vital resource for millions of people who rely on fishing as their primary livelihood.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/africa\/new-study-links-lake-victorias-algal-blooms-to-climate-risks-for-us-great-lakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Tidal Flooding<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Physical Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tidal flooding has become frequent in Ernakulam district of Kerala lately.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tidal Flooding<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tidal flooding, also known as &#8220;nuisance flooding&#8221; or &#8220;sunny day flooding,&#8221; happens when <strong>high tides cause water levels to rise and flood low-lying coastal areas.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Causes: <\/strong>Changes in prevailing winds, shifts in ocean currents, and strong tidal forces (which occur during full or new moon) can all cause high tide flooding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>High tide flooding falls into three levels of severity: <\/strong>minor, moderate, and major.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"def2f8\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Tidal-Flooding.webp\" alt=\"Tidal-Flooding\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-36336\" style=\"--dominant-color: #def2f8; width:430px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Tidal-Flooding.webp 600w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Tidal-Flooding-300x147.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Concerns:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tidal flooding disrupts daily life by flooding roads and services, damages infrastructure, and causes economic losses for businesses.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It accelerates coastal erosion, harms habitats, and contaminates freshwater supplies with saltwater.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeated flooding forces communities to relocate.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Over time, rising sea levels due to climate change will make tidal flooding more frequent and severe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/117393\/OPS\/G7ODSBL0A.1+G7UDTDL9A.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Unified Pension Scheme<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 2\/Governance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Finance Ministry notified the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS ) for workers covered by the National Pension System (NPS), effective from April 1, 2025.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Unified Pension Scheme(UPS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;The UPS was recommended as an alternative to the NPS by a panel led by former Finance Secretary <strong>T.V. Somanathan.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) will determine the mechanism for retirees opting for the UPS, addressing top-up amounts relative to their NPS payouts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will offer employees an assured pension of<strong> 50% of their average basic pay<\/strong> over the last 12 months before retirement, for a minimum service of 25 years.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Additional Benefits<\/strong>: The UPS includes a family pension of 60% of the government worker\u2019s pension upon their death, a lumpsum superannuation payout, and gratuity benefits.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A minimum pension of \u20b910,000\/month is promised for those with at least 10 years of Union government service.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>NPS vs. UPS:\u00a0<\/strong><br>&#8211; NPS, introduced in 2004, did not offer assured pensions. The UPS, however, restores a guaranteed pension of 50% of the last drawn salary, with periodic dearness relief tied to inflation.<br>&#8211; Union government employees already covered under NPS can choose the UPS option. Those who don&#8217;t opt for UPS will remain in NPS, with no guaranteed pension.<br>&#8211; Employees opting for UPS cannot claim other financial benefits, policy changes, or parity with future retirees after they make the choice.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :TH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Piezoelectricity&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS3\/Science and Tech&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently, the author at IIT Kanpur,&nbsp; explained the role of piezoelectric materials in the functioning of stove lighters and their ability to create sparks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Stove-Lighter&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The stove-lighter creates a small spark when clicked. This spark, though seemingly harmless, is a result of electrical charges.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An electric spark occurs when there is a difference in electron quantity between two points.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One point has a surplus of electrons (negative), and the other a deficiency (positive), causing electrons to move and create a spark.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lightning is essentially a large-scale electric spark caused by extreme electron imbalances between charged clouds in the sky, creating a spark through the air after breaking molecules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Piezoelectricity&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Piezoelectricity is the generation of electrical charge in a solid material by an applied mechanical stress and vice versa.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The piezoelectric effect is exhibited in materials that develop a net electric dipole moment.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In such materials, the dipole density or polarization changes in response to mechanical strain resulting in a net accumulation of charge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How Piezoelectric Materials Work<\/strong>: In their natural state, piezoelectric materials have alternating positive and negative ions. When pressure is applied, the ions shift, creating a charge imbalance and generating a high voltage, which causes a spark.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Applications<\/strong>:&nbsp; Piezoelectronics are crucial for energy conversion, sensing, and applications in energy harvesting, health monitoring, and more.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lighters use piezoelectric materials that generate a surplus and deficiency of electrons when pressure is applied. These materials have a specific atomic structure that allows them to generate electric charge under pressure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :TH<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Hindi film \u2018Chhaava\u2019 based on Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj landed in a controversy with people objecting to a Lezim dance sequence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36330"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36346,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36330\/revisions\/36346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}