{"id":34757,"date":"2025-01-03T18:33:17","date_gmt":"2025-01-03T13:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=34757"},"modified":"2025-01-03T18:33:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-03T13:03:20","slug":"news-in-short-3-january-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/03-01-2025\/news-in-short-3-january-2025","title":{"rendered":"News In Short 03-1-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>India Meteorological Department (IMD)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 1\/Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India Meteorological Department (IMD) will complete 150 years of service on January 15, 2025.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About India Meteorological Department (IMD)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Established:<\/strong> 1875<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role:<\/strong> National Meteorological Service of India and principal government agency for meteorology and allied subjects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Parent Ministry: <\/strong>Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Headquarters: <\/strong>New Delhi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Global Role:<\/strong> One of the six Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres of the World Meteorological Organization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Roles and Responsibilities: <\/strong>IMD provides <strong>current and forecast meteorological information<\/strong> for weather-sensitive sectors like agriculture, irrigation, shipping, aviation, and offshore oil exploration.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It issues <strong>warnings for severe weathe<\/strong>r <strong>events <\/strong>such as tropical cyclones, dust storms, heavy rains, snow, cold and heat waves that can cause destruction to life and property.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It provides <strong>essential meteorological data<\/strong> for agriculture, water resource management, industries, and oil exploration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It conducts and <strong>promotes research i<\/strong>n meteorology and related disciplines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Major Initiatives of IMD<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>National Monsoon Mission (NMM): <\/strong>Improves monsoon forecasts to help agriculture, water management, and disaster planning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mausam App:<\/strong> A mobile app for weather updates, forecasts, and severe weather alerts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Doppler Weather Radars (DWR): <\/strong>Tracks storms, rainfall, and wind patterns for accurate weather predictions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agro-Meteorological Advisory Services (AAS): <\/strong>Provides weather-based advice to farmers for better crop planning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting (SAFAR):<\/strong> Monitors air quality and weather in major cities to guide pollution management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Saraswati River<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A continuous water eruption at a borewell drilling site in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, has sparked claims of a subterranean Saraswati River beneath the desert landscape.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About the Saraswati River<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The river is mentioned over 80 times in the<strong> Rigveda<\/strong> and is believed to have dried up more than <strong>5,000 years ago<\/strong> due to climatic and tectonic shifts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It originated in the Himalayas and flowed through <strong>Haryana, Rajasthan, North Gujarat, and Pakistan <\/strong>before reaching the Gulf at the Western Sea, spanning approximately <strong>4,000 km<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The river had <strong>two branches<\/strong>\u2014<strong>western and eastern<\/strong>\u2014that joined at Shatrana, 25 km south of Patiala.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The western branch, represented by the ancient Satluj, flowed through the channels of the present-day Ghaggar-Patialiwali rivulets.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The eastern branch, supported by the Markanda and Sarsuti rivers, is now known as the Tons-Yamuna rivers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/life-style\/travel\/destinations\/lost-saraswati-river-suddenly-resurfaces-in-rajasthan\/articleshow\/116805601.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TOI<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Methylcobalamin<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The<strong> Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) <\/strong>has provided guidelines for the use of methylcobalamin in food supplements and other products.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Banned in 2016<\/strong>, ban lifted in 2021, but formal notification is still pending.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Methylcobalamin<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>About: <\/strong>A naturally occurring form of Vitamin B12 found in foods like fish, meat, eggs, and milk.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and nerve function.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Functions:<\/strong> Helps in cell multiplication, blood formation, and protein synthesis.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Supports the nervous system and neurological health.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Uses<\/strong>: Treats diabetic neuropathy (nerve pain).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Manages anemia caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Helps in neurological conditions like Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Why It Matters: <\/strong>Many Indians are deficient in B12 due to vegetarian diets.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Methylcobalamin is more bioavailable and effective than other forms of B12.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/economy\/fssai-gives-clarity-on-methylcobalamin-usage\/article69052614.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>BL<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Norovirus<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently a surge in the outbreak of Norovirus has been detected in parts of the United States.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Norovirus<\/strong>, often called the<strong> stomach flu<\/strong> or <strong>stomach bug<\/strong>, is a highly contagious virus causing vomiting and diarrhea.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It leads to inflammation in the stomach or intestines, a condition known as <strong>acute gastroenteritis.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>First identified in Norwalk, Ohio<\/strong>, during the <strong>1970s<\/strong>, it is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses globally.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The norovirus<\/strong> belongs to a family of small <strong>RNA viruses<\/strong> called <strong>Caliciviridae.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transmission:<\/strong> Norovirus spreads rapidly through multiple routes; <strong>direct contact, <\/strong>by<strong> <\/strong>consumption of contaminated food or liquids &amp; aerosolised particles<strong> <\/strong>released by an infected person.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Symptoms:<\/strong> vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain and nausea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/lifestyle\/health\/norovirus-outbreak-what-is-it-symptoms-and-prevention-tips-to-know-101735649826624.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>HT<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Open Network for Digital Commerce<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Prime Minister highlighted (Open Network for Digital Commerce) ONDC\u2019s contribution in empowering small businesses and revolutionising e-commerce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d3c5c5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"314\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Open-Network-for-Digital-Commerce.webp\" alt=\"Open-Network-for-Digital-Commerce\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-34758\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d3c5c5; width:604px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Open-Network-for-Digital-Commerce.webp 728w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Open-Network-for-Digital-Commerce-300x129.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is the ONDC Project?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was launched in <strong>2022<\/strong> by the Department<strong> of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)<\/strong>, Ministry of Commerce.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aim:<\/strong> To <strong>provide equal opportunities to MSMEs<\/strong> to thrive in digital commerce and democratize e-commerce.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It <strong>promotes open networks for all aspects <\/strong>of exchange of goods and services over digital or electronic networks.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Currently, there are partners like Paytm, Meesho, Magicpin, Mystore, Craftsvilla, and Spice Money, which act as online storefronts, allowing users to order food or any other product from a business listed on the ONDC platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ced2d2\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/govt-hopes-to-replicate-upi-model-success.webp\" alt=\"govt-hopes-to-replicate-upi-model-success\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-34759\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ced2d2; width:490px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/govt-hopes-to-replicate-upi-model-success.webp 600w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/01\/govt-hopes-to-replicate-upi-model-success-300x149.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>How does it work?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ONDC is built as a network of independent service providers, including sellers, buyers, logistics providers, and payment gateways, all connected through an open platform.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It uses standardized protocols for product catalogs, transactions, logistics, and payments, making it possible for users from different platforms to interact with each other.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance of ONDC<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Suitable Platform for small businesses:<\/strong> Small businesses would be able to use any ONDC compatible applications instead of being governed by specific platform centric policies.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This will provide multiple options to small businesses to be discoverable over network and conduct business.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inclusivity for e-Commerce:<\/strong>\u00a0 ONDC is expected to make e-Commerce more inclusive and accessible for consumers.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Consumers can potentially discover any seller, product or service, thus increasing freedom of choice for consumers.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Growth of startups:<\/strong> By facilitating scalable and cost-effective e-commerce through the open protocol, ONDC will empower startups to grow collaboratively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2089466\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Pig-Butchering Scam<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to the Union Home Ministry\u2019s latest annual report, victims are being manipulated into losing significant sums of money<strong> &#8220;pig butchering scam&#8221; or &#8220;investment scam\u201d.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Pig-Butchering Scam<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The &#8220;pig butchering scam&#8221; is a type of cyber fraud that involves scammers building a long-term relationship with victims to &#8220;fatten them up&#8221; emotionally and financially before exploiting them.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The name originates from the metaphor of fattening a pig before slaughter. It is believed to have started in China in 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The scam has led to <strong>large-scale money laundering<\/strong>. It has also been linked to cyber slavery, where individuals are forced to participate in scams under duress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TOI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Project VISTAAR<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Agriculture<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras has partnered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers\u2019 Welfare on<strong> Project VISTAAR (Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources).\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Project VISTAAR<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>About:<\/strong> A digital platform developed to transform agricultural extension services by providing farmers with access to critical information and innovative solutions from start-ups in agriculture and allied sectors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key Features:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Enhanced Agricultural Extension Services: <\/strong>Offers advisory support on crop production, marketing, value addition, and supply chain management.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Integration with Agri-Startups:<\/strong> Incorporates a database of over 12,000 agri-startups, enabling farmers to adopt cutting-edge technologies and solutions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accessible and Timely Information:<\/strong> Ensures farmers receive timely, contextual, and accurate information to make informed decisions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Digitalisation will enhance the agricultural extension system&#8217;s ability to reach every farmer, ensuring they receive timely and contextual information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Farmers can effectively benefit from government schemes and access innovative technologies for improved agricultural practices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strengthens the role of startups in bringing innovation across the agricultural value chain, from production to marketing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Banana Cultivation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Economy&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India has seen a tenfold increase in banana exports over the past decade, aiming for $1 billion in exports within the next five years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Banana Cultivation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>About:<\/strong> Bananas are a major horticultural crop.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Geographical Condition: <\/strong>It evolved in the humid tropical regions of Southeast Asia, with India being one of its centers of origin.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Today, bananas are grown in warm tropical regions worldwide, between 30\u00b0N and 30\u00b0S of the equator. It needed deep, rich loamy soil.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Major varieties<\/strong>: Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Monthan, Poovan, Nendran, etc.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cultivated areas: <\/strong>Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Importance :<\/strong>Bananas are a popular, nutritious fruit rich in carbohydrates, vitamins (especially B vitamins), and minerals like potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. They are easy to digest, fat-free, and cholesterol-free.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Government Support<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Government initiatives, including financial support, modern farming techniques, and improved infrastructure, have helped transform India into a key banana exporter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Uttar Pradesh<\/strong> has made banana cultivation a priority under the<strong> One District One Product (ODOP) initiative<\/strong> in Kushinagar, with incentives for farmers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: DD News&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Injectable Hydrogel<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ S&amp;T<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Researchers have developed an innovative injectable <strong>hydrogel for targeted breast cancer therapy.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Innovative Injectable Hydrogel for Breast Cancer Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>About: <\/strong>A water-based polymer network designed to release anti-cancer drugs directly and precisely at the tumor site, sparing healthy cells and minimizing systemic side effects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Developed By:<\/strong> Researchers at IIT Guwahati and Bose Institute Kolkata.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key Features:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Precise Drug Delivery:<\/strong> The hydrogel is designed for localized drug delivery directly to breast cancer tumor sites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Composition: <\/strong>Made from ultra-short peptides, which are biodegradable and biocompatible components of proteins. Activated by elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, commonly found in tumor cells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mechanism:<\/strong> Remains stable at the injection site and releases the drug in a controlled manner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Benefits Over Traditional Cancer Treatments<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Localized Treatment: <\/strong>Targets only the tumor, reducing side effects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Controlled Drug Release:<\/strong> Sustained drug release enhances treatment efficacy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Improved Drug Uptake: <\/strong>Maximizes impact on cancer cells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Safety: <\/strong>Minimal impact on other organs, improving the safety profile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TOI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Nano-formulation of Melatonin Solution to Parkinson<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Science and Tech&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Researchers have shown that <strong>nano-formulated melatonin<\/strong> has improved <strong>antioxidative and neuroprotective properties<\/strong>, making it a potential therapeutic solution for\u00a0 <strong>Parkinson&#8217;s disease.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Melatonin is a <strong>neurohormone<\/strong> secreted by the <strong>pineal gland<\/strong> in response to darkness. Regulates the sleep-wake <strong>cycle and circadian rhythms.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Parkinson\u2019s Disease<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>What It Is:<\/strong> A progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and body balance.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Causes slowed movements, tremors, and impaired motor control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Causes:<\/strong> Caused by degeneration of nerve cells in the substantia nigra, a brain region controlling movement.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loss of these cells leads to reduced production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter critical for coordinated movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role of Mitophagy : <\/strong>\u00a0Parkinson&#8217;s disease-related genes affect &#8220;<strong>Mitophagy<\/strong>,&#8221; a process that removes dysfunctional mitochondria and reduces oxidative stress.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Melatonin could induce mitophagy to mitigate PD symptoms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Risk Factors: <\/strong>Risk increases with age; average onset is around 60 years. Studies suggest men are more likely to be affected than women.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Symptoms:<\/strong> Tremors, rigidity, slowed movement, and impaired balance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gradual worsening of motor functions over time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treatment: <\/strong>While there is no cure, treatments (e.g., medications, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery) can help alleviate symptoms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>IAF\u2019s Modernisation Plan<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Defence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently, China unveiled a series of high technology platforms establishing its technological supremacy, including Defence Modernisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>China launched two stealth fighter jets, an amphibious naval ship, a scientific research ship for global deep-sea exploration, a supersonic civil jet prototype and a new bullet train dubbed the world\u2019s fastest.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This brings focus on the Modernisation plans for the Indian Air Force.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Indian Airforce Modernisation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The IAF is at <strong>31 fighter squadrons<\/strong> as against the sanctioned strength of 42 squadrons.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IAF is awaiting new inductions and with no fifth gen fighter in the line-up for at least a decade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India has an ambitious plan lined up for the <strong>acquisition of over 500 fighter jets<\/strong>, a bulk of them to be indigenously designed and manufactured.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Of these, the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) variants will constitute the bulk.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Induction of Advanced Fighters:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dassault Rafale:<\/strong> A multirole fighter with advanced avionics, radar, and weaponry, boosting IAF&#8217;s strike capability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Su-30MKI:<\/strong> A versatile, multirole fighter with advanced avionics and weapons systems, enhancing air dominance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MiG-29UPG:<\/strong> Upgraded MiG-29 with enhanced radar, weapons, and engines for better combat performance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indigenous Development: <\/strong>HAL Tejas, a lightweight, multirole supersonic fighter developed indigenously by HAL, replacing older MiG-21s and enhancing self-reliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Upgrades to Older Aircraft:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MiG-21 Bison &amp; MiG-27: <\/strong>Modernization programs include avionics, radar, and weapon upgrades to extend their operational life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Future Plans:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tejas Mk2:<\/strong> An upgraded version of the Tejas, featuring more power, better avionics, and enhanced capabilities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fifth-Generation Fighters:<\/strong> Plans for acquiring and developing advanced fighters like the Su-57 and AMCA (Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/the-race-for-fighters-the-iafs-dilemma\/article69049922.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India Meteorological Department (IMD) will complete 150 years of service on January 15, 2025.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34757"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34760,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34757\/revisions\/34760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}