{"id":33966,"date":"2024-12-19T18:41:02","date_gmt":"2024-12-19T13:11:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=33966"},"modified":"2024-12-19T18:41:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T13:11:05","slug":"news-in-short-19-december-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/19-12-2024\/news-in-short-19-december-2024","title":{"rendered":"News In Short 19-12-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Annual Sahitya Akademi Awards<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hindi poet Gagan Gill and English writer Easterine Kire are among the 21 recipients of the<strong> annual Sahitya Akademi Awards.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sahitya Akademi Awards<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Every year since its inception in <strong>1954<\/strong>, the Sahitya Akademi Award prizes the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the<strong> 24 major Indian languages.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The first Awards were given in <strong>1955<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The award includes an engraved copper plaque, a shawl, and a cash prize.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The plaque was designed by the Indian film-maker <strong>Satyajit Ray.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sahitya Akademi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is India&#8217;s national academy of letters, established in <strong>1954 <\/strong>by the Government of India.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is an autonomous institution under the <strong>Ministry of Culture,<\/strong> and its headquarters are located in New Delhi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its primary role is to promote Indian literature in various languages, preserve the nation&#8217;s literary heritage, and foster literary activities in the country.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_delhi\/issues\/112254\/OPS\/GHDDO4TAR.1+GPTDO6LPL.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>IMD&#8217;s Initiatives For Weather Forcasting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has taken a lot of steps to address the growing challenges posed by climate change, including rising global temperatures and extreme weather events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>IMD&#8217;s Initiatives For Weather Forcasting<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Impact-Based Forecasts (IBF): <\/strong>IMD has shifted to Impact-Based Forecasting, focusing on what the weather will do rather than what it will be (Potential Impacts &amp; guidelines)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Climate Hazard &amp; Vulnerability Atlas:<\/strong> Developed an online atlas for 13 hazardous meteorological events, aiding in planning and disaster risk reduction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mobile App Services:<\/strong> IMD has introduced user-friendly mobile applications for disseminating weather-related information:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>UMANG App:<\/strong> Provides seven IMD services, including current weather, city forecasts, and cyclone alerts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MAUSAM App:<\/strong> Offers weather forecasts for the general public.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Meghdoot App: <\/strong>Specializes in agromet advisories for farmers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Damini App: <\/strong>Sends lightning alerts to reduce lightning-related casualties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Collaboration with NDMA: <\/strong>Guidelines for preparedness were created in collaboration with the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and state governments.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Common Alert Protocol (CAP) is developed by NDMA <\/strong>and implemented by IMD to disseminate real-time warnings for extreme weather events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Henderson Doctrine<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Polity and Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In a recent case, the Supreme Court explained Henderson doctrine, a natural corollary of the Indian doctrine of <strong>constructive Res-judicata codified in Explanation IV of Section 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Henderson Doctrine, originating from the <strong>1843<\/strong> English case <strong>Henderson v. Henderson<\/strong>, asserts that once a matter has been litigated, it should not be revisited in subsequent proceedings.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It prevents the re-litigation of issues <\/strong>that were or could have been addressed in the original proceedings.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This principle aims to instill a sense of sanctity toward judicial determinations and prevent the exploitation of procedural rules to fragment disputes or prolong litigation.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livelaw.in\/supreme-court\/supreme-court-explains-henderson-doctrine-re-litigation-of-issues-that-could-have-been-raised-earlier-is-barred-278395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>LiveLaw<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>India Sets up its First Diabetes Biobank<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India has established its<strong> first biobank<\/strong> for diabetes in <strong>Chennai.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A biobank is a facility <\/strong>that collects, processes, stores, and distributes biological samples, such as blood, tissues, and DNA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)<\/strong>, in collaboration with the <strong>Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF),<\/strong> has launched this diabetes biobank.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>This initiative aims<\/strong> to advance scientific studies on diabetes, focusing on its causes, variations, and complications in the Indian population.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance of the Biobank<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Support for Scientific Research: <\/strong>It will enable researchers to access a diverse range of biospecimens from individuals with various types of diabetes, including Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Identification of Biomarkers:<\/strong> The biobank can help in the discovery of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of diabetes.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Biomarkers are critical for developing personalized treatment and management strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>India<\/strong> is known as the <strong>diabetes capital of the world, <\/strong>with over <strong>10 crore <\/strong>diabetes cases and around <strong>13.6 crore <\/strong>pre-diabetes cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Types of diabetes<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Type 1 diabetes: <\/strong>The body does not make insulin since the immune system attacks and destroys the cells in your pancreas that make insulin.<br>1. Type 1 diabetes is usually <strong>diagnosed in children and young adults,<\/strong> although it can appear at any age.<br>2. People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day to stay alive.<br>&#8211; <strong>Type 2 diabetes: <\/strong>The body does not make or use insulin well.<br>1. One can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. However, this type of diabetes occurs most often in middle-aged and older people.<br>2. Type 2 is the <strong>most common<\/strong> type of diabetes.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/india-sets-up-its-first-diabetes-biobank-chennai\/article68992294.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Varmam Therapy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Health&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The National Institute of Siddha (NIS) has set a Guinness World Record for providing Varmam therapy to 567 individuals simultaneously.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Varmam therapy?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Varmam therapy, a unique and traditional <strong>healing modality within the Siddha system of medicine<\/strong>, has long been revered for its effectiveness in treating various health conditions.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is particularly renowned for its ability to provide rapid relief for <strong>musculoskeletal pain, injuries, and neurological disorders.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Varmakalai<\/strong> (the martial art form associated with Varmam) in Siddha medicine, is a scientifically grounded therapeutic practice used to treat acute and chronic diseases, including stroke, arthritis, and trauma-related injuries.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>National Institute of Siddha (NIS)\u00a0<\/strong><br>&#8211; National Institute of Siddha is an institute for <strong>study and research of Siddha medicine<\/strong> operating under the <strong>Ministry of AYUSH.<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>It was established in 2005<\/strong> at Tambaram, Chennai, India.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2085869#:~:text=Varmam%20therapy%2C%20a%20unique%20and,%2C%20injuries%2C%20and%20neurological%20disorders.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Golan Heights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 2\/IR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00a0In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Israeli government decided to double its population on the<strong> occupied Golan Heights,<\/strong> citing continued threats from Syria despite the fall of President Bashar al-Assad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Golan Heights<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Golan is a fertile, 1,200-square-kilometer plateau, important for its water resources, fertile soil, and strategic position <strong>overlooking Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Historical Context:<\/strong> Israel captured the Golan Heights from Syria in the 1967 Six-Day War and annexed it in 1981, a move not recognized internationally.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In 2019, former President Donald Trump recognized Israeli sovereignty over the Golan, though most countries have not supported the annexation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Current Population:<\/strong> About 31,000 Israelis live in the Golan, mostly involved in farming and tourism. The region also has a Druze population of 24,000, many of whom identify as Syrian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d1bfb5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"608\" height=\"661\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Golan-Heights.webp\" alt=\"Golan-Heights\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-33967\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d1bfb5; width:394px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Golan-Heights.webp 608w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Golan-Heights-276x300.webp 276w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Strategic Overlook:<\/strong> Dominates northern Israel, crucial for military observation and defense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Water Security:<\/strong> Vital source of freshwater for Israel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Defensive Barrier<\/strong>: Natural barrier protecting Israel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agriculture: <\/strong>Fertile land for crops and vineyards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sources : DD News&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Milkweed Fiber<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Economy and Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Ministry of Textiles has urged Japanese brand Uniqlo to expand its R&amp;D into new natural fibers, including<strong> milkweed.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About: Milkweed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L) belongs to the <strong>genus Asclepias<\/strong> of the family Aselepiadaceae and is also known as <strong>stubborn weed<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In India, it is found as a <strong>wild plant<\/strong> in the states of <strong>Rajasthan, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It tolerates light shade but thrives in full sun, growing up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) tall.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its use as a <strong>milkweed fibre<\/strong> was found in<strong> Europe<\/strong> during the 18th century and was also used as a <strong>filling for life jackets<\/strong> during World War II.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In more recent years, the insulation, floatation, and absorption qualities of the fibers have gained recognition for their market potential.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Do you know?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Milkweed is the only food source for the <strong>monarch butterfly caterpillar<\/strong>, an iconic but declining species of North America.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Native Americans, in the 1880&#8217;s, used this plant as a <strong>contraceptive and snakebite remedy<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=2085099&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PIB<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Synthetic Mirror Bacteria<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The international group of Nobel laureates and other experts warn that mirror bacteria would present an<strong> \u201cunprecedented risk\u201d to life on Earth.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Synthetic mirror bacteria<\/strong> is a concept where synthetic biology tools are used to engineer bacteria that exhibit mirrored or chiral behaviors, structures, or molecular products.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They are constructed from <strong>mirror images of molecules found in nature.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Application:<\/strong> In drug development, materials science, and environmental remediation.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Concerns Raised:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They can cause lethal infections.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The researchers doubt the microbes could be safely contained or kept in check by natural competitors and predators.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Existing antibiotics are unlikely to be effective on them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The scientists\u00a0 recommend that research with the goal of creating mirror bacteria not be permitted.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2024\/dec\/12\/unprecedented-risk-to-life-on-earth-scientists-call-for-halt-on-mirror-life-microbe-research\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TG<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Kisan Kavach<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS 3\/Science and Tech \/Economy&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Union Minister of State for Science and Technology launched &#8220;Kisan Kavach&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About &#8220;Kisan Kavach\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is I<strong>ndia&#8217;s first anti-pesticide bodysuit<\/strong> designed to protect farmers from harmful pesticide exposure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Development<\/strong>: Kisan Kavach was developed by BRIC-inStem, Bangalore, in collaboration with Sepio Health Pvt. Ltd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technology<\/strong>: The suit uses advanced fabric technology that deactivates harmful pesticides upon contact through nucleophilic mediated hydrolysis, providing protection against pesticide toxicity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Affordability: <\/strong>The bodysuit is priced at \u20b94,000, lasts up to a year, and is washable and reusable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Significance: <\/strong>To safeguard farmers from pesticide-induced toxicity, which can lead to serious health issues such as breathing disorders, vision loss, and even death.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Bharatgen<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BharatGen is a multimodal multilingual large language model initiative, developing advanced generative AI models <strong>tailored to India&#8217;s linguistic, cultural, and socio-economic diversity.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is the first Government-funded<strong> Multimodal Large Language Model Initiative.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aim:<\/strong> To ensure that generative AI models adequately represent India&#8217;s diverse linguistic landscape.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It reduces reliance on foreign technologies and strengthens the domestic AI ecosystem for startups, industries, and government agencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The four key distinguishing features of BharatGen are:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the multilingual and multimodal nature of foundation models;\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bhartiya data set based building, and training;\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>open-source platform and\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>development of an ecosystem of generative AI research in the country.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BharatGen has launched an initiative called <strong>\u201cBharat Data Sagar\u201d<\/strong>, focusing on primary data collection.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This data collection attempts to meet the requirement that training data is available for Indian languages that are less represented.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2085534\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Sugar Production Down by 17%<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Agriculture<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sugar production in the current 2024-25 marketing year (October-September) reached <strong>61.39 lakh tonnes<\/strong> as against 74.05 lakh tonnes in the corresponding period of the preceding year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sugar Production in India<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>India <\/strong>has been the <strong>largest consumer <\/strong>and <strong>second largest producer<\/strong> of sugar in the world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Production process: <\/strong>Sugar is produced from sugarcane by crushing the crop, extracting the juice, boiling it to form a syrup, crystallizing it, and centrifuging the raw sugar crystals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Location of Sugar Industry in India: <\/strong>Sugar industry is broadly distributed over two major areas of production:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab in the north and\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh in the south.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Geographical Conditions for Sugarcane Growth<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Climate:<\/strong> Requires <strong>hot (21\u00b0-27\u00b0C)<\/strong> and <strong>humid (75-150 cm)<\/strong> conditions.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Excess rainfall reduces sugar content; insufficient rain produces fibrous crops. Cool, dry winters aid ripening.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>South India has tropical climate <\/strong>which is suitable for higher sucrose content giving higher yield per unit area as compared to north India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Temperature:<\/strong> Above 20\u00b0C with clear skies thickens juice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Soil:<\/strong> Prefers moisture-retentive soil but depletes fertility over time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/business\/sugar-production-is-low-because-of-late-start-of-crushing-in-karnataka-maharashtra\/article68996275.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Jetson Orin Nano Super<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Science and Tech&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Leading graphic processing units (GPUs) maker Nvidia\u00a0 introduced the<strong> Jetson Orin Nano Super.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jetson Orin Nano Super<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is\u00a0 a compact <strong>generative AI supercomputer<\/strong> with improved performance and a software upgrade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It fits in the <strong>palm of hand, offers powerful AI capabilities<\/strong> for developers and students to create AI tools.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is designed to make AI more accessible for businesses of all sizes, enabling small businesses to deploy AI solutions efficiently.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is suitable for a variety of applications including smart surveillance, robotics, smart retail, healthcare, AI-powered smart homes, autonomous vehicles, research, content creation, and more.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :IE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Dark Comets<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ S&amp;T, Space<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NASA researchers have identified additional dark comets and Oumuamua-like objects (these objects are believed to be messengers from afar), expanding our understanding of these intriguing celestial phenomena.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What are Dark Comets?<\/strong><br>Dark comets are celestial objects that:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Resemble asteroids but <strong>behave like comets. <\/strong>They spin rapidly, dispersing escaping gas and dust in multiple directions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Have limited surface material to form visible tails, making them harder to detect.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unlike typical <strong>comets or asteroids, dark comets exhibit deviations<\/strong> in their orbit. These deviations cannot be attributed to the <strong>Yarkovsky effect<\/strong>, a phenomenon where the uneven emission of heat energy alters the path of celestial objects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: IndiaToday<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hindi poet Gagan Gill and English writer Easterine Kire are among the 21 recipients of the annual Sahitya Akademi Awards.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33966"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33968,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33966\/revisions\/33968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}