{"id":33894,"date":"2024-12-18T18:36:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-18T13:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=33894"},"modified":"2025-07-30T18:14:17","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T12:44:17","slug":"naxalism-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/18-12-2024\/naxalism-2","title":{"rendered":"Naxalism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Internal Security<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs has reaffirmed the government&#8217;s commitment to eradicating Naxalism in Chhattisgarh by March 31, 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Naxalism in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Naxalism <\/strong><strong><em>(aka Left Wing Extremism)<\/em><\/strong> has been a significant internal security challenge for India.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Originating from the <strong>Naxalbari uprising in West Bengal in 1967<\/strong>, it has evolved into a complex insurgency affecting several states across India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Naxals <\/strong>strongly believe that the solution to social and economic discrimination is <strong>to overthrow the existing political system.&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They are a group of people who <strong>believe in the political theory<\/strong> derived from the teachings of the <strong>Chinese political leader Mao Zedong.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Naxal affected areas in India are known as the<strong> \u2018Red Corridor\u2019.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"bec1a0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/naxalite-affected-area.webp\" alt=\"naxalite-affected-area\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-33895\" style=\"--dominant-color: #bec1a0; width:392px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/naxalite-affected-area.webp 510w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/naxalite-affected-area-261x300.webp 261w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Historical Background<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Naxalite movement began <strong>as a peasant uprising led by Charu Majumdar and Kanu Sanyal<\/strong>, advocating for land reforms and the rights of the marginalized.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Over the decades, the movement spread to <strong><em>other states, <\/em><\/strong>including <strong><em>Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Naxalites, <strong>primarily composed of the Communist Party of India (Maoist)<\/strong>, have used guerrilla warfare tactics to challenge state authority.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Current Scenario<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The number of <strong>districts<\/strong> affected by Naxalism has <strong>reduced from 126 in 2013 to 38 in 2024.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>53% reduction in incidents and a 70% decrease in casualties among security personnel and civilians between 2014 and 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The government <strong>aims to completely eradicate Naxalism by March 2026.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d4cfd5\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/decline-in-LWE-related-violence-in-last-10-years.webp\" alt=\"decline-in-LWE-related-violence-in-last-10-years\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-33896\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d4cfd5; width:575px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/decline-in-LWE-related-violence-in-last-10-years.webp 819w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/decline-in-LWE-related-violence-in-last-10-years-300x189.webp 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/decline-in-LWE-related-violence-in-last-10-years-768x484.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Reasons For Spread<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Socio-Economic Inequality:<\/strong> Many regions affected by Naxalism are characterized by extreme poverty, lack of basic amenities, and limited access to education and healthcare.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The marginalized communities, including SCs and STs, often feel neglected and deprived of their rights and resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Land Reforms and Agrarian Distress: <\/strong>Large tracts of land remain concentrated in the hands of a few, while the majority of the rural population struggles with landlessness and insecure tenancy.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This agrarian distress fuels discontent and provides fertile ground for Naxalite recruitment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Political Marginalization:<\/strong> Many tribal and backward regions have historically been excluded from mainstream political processes.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The lack of representation and voice in decision-making bodies has led to a sense of alienation and frustration among these communities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exploitation and Human Rights Violations:<\/strong> Reports of police brutality, arbitrary arrests, and extrajudicial killings have fueled anger and resentment among the affected populations.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Such actions often drive people towards Naxalism as a form of resistance against state oppression.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lack of Development: <\/strong>Poor infrastructure, inadequate public services, and limited economic opportunities contribute to the sense of neglect and abandonment felt by the local population.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Developmental initiatives often fail to reach these remote areas, leaving the residents with few alternatives but to support or join the Naxalite movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bandyopadhyay Committee (2006)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It highlighted the lack of governance, economic, socio-political and cultural discrimination against the tribals as the chief reason for the spread of Naxalism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Committee recommended tribal-friendly land acquisition and rehabilitation as a means to counter this issue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Government&#8217;s Strategy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rehabilitation Policies<\/strong> through Encouraging Surrenders &amp; Reintegrate Into Society.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strengthening and Collaborating Various Security Forces:<\/strong> Enhanced coordination between central and state forces has led to significant successes.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ensuring effective deployment of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) and specialized units like Greyhounds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In Chhattisgarh alone, 287 Naxalites were neutralized, around 1,000 were arrested, and 837 surrendered in the past year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Intelligence Strengthening<\/strong> through enhancing real-time intelligence sharing through <strong>Multi-Agency Centers (MACs) and UAV surveillance.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Development Initiatives<\/strong> like the Road Connectivity Project, Aspirational Districts Program, and Bastar Olympics to improve infrastructure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Skill Development<\/strong> through various central schemes like <em>Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)<\/em> and state schemes and programmes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Initiatives<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SAMADHAN Strategy:<\/strong> A comprehensive approach involving Smart Leadership, Aggressive Strategy, Motivation and Training, Actionable Intelligence, Dashboard-Based KPIs and KRAs, Harnessing Technology, Action Plans for each Theatre, and No Access to Financing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Three-Pronged Strategy:<\/strong> Welcoming those willing to renounce violence, intensifying efforts to apprehend those who refuse, and taking strict action against individuals intent on harming others.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Policy and Action Plan (2015): <\/strong>It envisages a multi-pronged strategy involving security related measures, development interventions, ensuring rights and entitlements of local communities etc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tribal Youth Exchange Programs (TYEPs)<\/strong> are being organized through <strong>Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS)<\/strong> for enhancing our outreach to the tribal youth of LWE affected districts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capacity building<\/strong> <strong>of States<\/strong> to combat LWE through schemes of the Ministry of Home Affairs like <strong><em>Security Related Expenditure (SRE), Special Infrastructure, and Special Central Assistance<\/em><\/strong> etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2085058\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Source: PIB<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recently, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs has reaffirmed the government&#8217;s commitment to eradicating Naxalism in Chhattisgarh by March 31, 2026.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33894","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33894"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33894\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33897,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33894\/revisions\/33897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33894"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33894"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}