{"id":33820,"date":"2024-12-17T19:24:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T13:54:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=33820"},"modified":"2024-12-17T19:24:26","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T13:54:26","slug":"la-nina-affect-on-india-climate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/17-12-2024\/la-nina-affect-on-india-climate","title":{"rendered":"La Ni\u00f1a Affect on India\u2019s climate"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Climatology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The India Meteorological Department expects a La Ni\u00f1a to set in by late 2024 or early 2025, plus a milder winter due to this delay.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Emergence of La Nina<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Historically, the La Ni\u00f1a has usually formed during the monsoon or the pre-monsoon period, and it has formed <strong>only twice between October and December since 1950.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Predicting La Nina: The oceanic Ni\u00f1o index (ONI)<\/strong> compares the three-month average sea surface temperatures in the East-Central Tropical Pacific with the 30-year average.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When the difference between the two is 0.5\u00ba C or higher, it is an El Ni\u00f1o,\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and when it is \u20130.5\u00ba C or lower, it is a La Ni\u00f1a.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Currently, it is around \u20130.3\u00ba C. To be classified as a full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a or El Ni\u00f1o, ONI values <strong>need to exceed the thresholds at least five times consecutively<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is La Nina?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It means<strong> Little Girl <\/strong>in Spanish. La Ni\u00f1a is also sometimes called El Viejo, anti-El Ni\u00f1o, or simply &#8220;a cold event.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The<strong> trade winds become stronger than usual,<\/strong> pushing more <strong>warmer waters towards the Indonesian coast<\/strong>, and making the<strong> eastern Pacific Ocean colder than normal.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"8db1b3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"503\" height=\"635\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/What-is-La-Nina.webp\" alt=\"What-is-La-Nina\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-33821\" style=\"--dominant-color: #8db1b3; width:387px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/What-is-La-Nina.webp 503w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/What-is-La-Nina-238x300.webp 238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impact on Weather Patterns:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>North America:<\/strong> La Ni\u00f1a is often associated with colder winters in the northern U.S. and Canada and warmer, drier conditions in the southern U.S. (such as in the southwestern states).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>South America:<\/strong> La Ni\u00f1a often causes droughts in countries like Peru and Ecuador while bringing more rain to Brazil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asia and Oceania: <\/strong>La Ni\u00f1a tends to bring increased rainfall and a higher risk of flooding to countries like Indonesia, Australia, and parts of Southeast Asia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impact on India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>More rainfall<\/strong> in most regions, leading to a stronger monsoon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Increased risk of flooding<\/strong> and waterlogging in many parts of the country.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cooler temperatures<\/strong> during the post-monsoon and winter months.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>More cyclones<\/strong> in the Indian Ocean, increasing risks for coastal areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Possible agricultural disruptions<\/strong> due to heavy rainfall, floods, and delayed harvesting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>What is El Nino?<\/strong><br>&#8211; El Ni\u00f1o means <strong>Little Boy<\/strong> in Spanish. South American fishermen first noticed periods of unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean in the 1600s.\u00a0<br>1. It is a climate phenomenon characterized by the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean.<br>2. During El Ni\u00f1o, <strong>trade winds weaken. <\/strong>Warm water is pushed back east, toward the west coast of the Americas and as a result <strong>cold water is pushed towards Asia.<\/strong><br><strong>Impact of El Nino<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Low Rainfall:<\/strong> El Ni\u00f1o often correlates with below-average monsoon rainfall in India, leading to droughts in many parts of the country.<br>&#8211; <strong>Increased Temperature: <\/strong>El Ni\u00f1o also leads to an increase in temperatures across various parts of India.\u00a0<strong>Forest Fires:<\/strong> The drier conditions associated with El Ni\u00f1o increase the risk of forest fires, particularly in regions with dense vegetation.<br>&#8211; <strong>Water Scarcity: <\/strong>Decreased rainfall during El Ni\u00f1o events lead to water scarcity in many parts of India.<br>&#8211; <strong>Impact on Fisheries:<\/strong> Changes in sea surface temperatures and ocean currents disrupt fish migration patterns and lead to fluctuations in fish populations.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Climate change<\/strong> may increase the frequency and intensity of both La Ni\u00f1a and El Ni\u00f1o events, as rising sea and land temperatures disrupt the Pacific\u2019s balance.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus it would be a welcome development if a La Ni\u00f1a forms now or early next year and continues until the monsoon season. This would mean a <strong>less intense summer and more rains for India.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/how-does-la-ni%C3%B1a-affect-indias-climate-explained\/article68993281.ece#:~:text=Both%20north%20and%20south%20India,2020%2C%202021%2C%20and%202022.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The India Meteorological Department expects a La Ni\u00f1a to set in by late 2024 or early 2025, plus a milder winter due to this delay.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33820"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33822,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33820\/revisions\/33822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}