{"id":33781,"date":"2024-12-16T18:22:20","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T12:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=33781"},"modified":"2024-12-16T18:22:21","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T12:52:21","slug":"news-in-short-16-december-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/16-12-2024\/news-in-short-16-december-2024","title":{"rendered":"News In Short 16-12-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 1\/History&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi paid tributes to <strong>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel <\/strong>on his death anniversary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Early Life and Career: <\/strong>Born on 31st October 1875 in Nadiad, Gujarat.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A successful lawyer who became involved in public service through his leadership in the Kheda Satyagraha (1918).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Public Service and Leadership: <\/strong>Elected President of the Ahmedabad Municipal Board in 1924; improved sanitation, drainage, and cleanliness in the city.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Led the Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928<\/strong>, gaining national fame and earning the title &#8220;Sardar&#8221; for his leadership.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Served as India&#8217;s first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister from 1947 to 1950.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Known as the &#8220;Iron Man of India&#8221; for his commitment to national integration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role in National Struggle for Independence: <\/strong>Elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1931 during a turbulent time for the nation.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Played a pivotal role in the independence movement and became one of the foremost leaders in India\u2019s freedom struggle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Integration of Princely States: <\/strong>After India&#8217;s independence in 1947, the country had over 560 princely states that needed to be integrated into India.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sardar Patel formed the States Department to manage the integration process and overcame challenges with diplomacy and negotiation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Notable Integration Efforts: <\/strong>Successfully negotiated with the Raja of Jodhpur and Travancore, ensuring their accession to India.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Resolved the Junagadh issue despite opposition from its ruler, leading to a plebiscite in favor of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Played a key role in the integration of Kashmir after Pakistan\u2019s attack in 1947.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oversaw the integration of Hyderabad through military intervention (Operation Polo) in September 1948.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Creation of All India Services: <\/strong>He is credited with establishing the All India Services (Article 312 of the Constitution) to maintain national unity and merit-based administration.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Civil Services Day (21 April) commemorates Sardar Patel\u2019s address to the first IAS batch in 1947.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legacy :\u00a0 <\/strong>Passed away on 15 December 1950, having integrated 565 princely states into India.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In 2019, Article 370 was abrogated, completing Sardar Patel\u2019s vision of full integration of Jammu and Kashmir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Unity Day and Statue of Unity: <\/strong>Sardar Patel\u2019s birth anniversary, 31st October, has been celebrated as National Unity Day since 2014.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>On 31st October 2018, Prime Minister Modi inaugurated the Statue of Unity in Gujarat, a 182-meter statue dedicated to Sardar Patel\u2019s legacy of national unity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source :PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Potti Sriramulu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 1\/History&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Chief Minister\u00a0 of AP\u00a0 affirmed the government&#8217;s commitment to establish a Telugu university in honor of <strong>Potti Sriramulu.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Potti Sriramulu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Early Life: <\/strong>Born on March 16, 1901, in Madras (now Chennai), Sriramulu came from a family originally from Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Despite having a stable job, he became deeply involved in India&#8217;s freedom struggle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Personal Tragedies<\/strong>: After losing his wife, child, and mother between 1928 and 1930, Sriramulu gave up his job and <strong>joined Mahatma Gandhiji&#8217;s Sabarmati Ashram<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Involvement in Freedom Struggle<\/strong>: Sriramulu participated in the Salt Satyagraha and was imprisoned. In 1942, he joined the Quit India Movement and was jailed alongside Gandhiji.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Work for Social Justice<\/strong>: After 1946, Sriramulu returned to Nellore to work for the welfare of downtrodden communities, particularly advocating for the rights of the Dalit community.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Advocacy for Temple Entry<\/strong>: Sriramulu led a movement to open all temples in Madras Province to the Dalits, refusing to break his fast until Gandhiji persuaded him.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vision for Separate State<\/strong>: After Gandhiji\u2019s death in 1948, Sriramulu proposed a separate state for Telugu-speaking regions, but it was initially rejected by political leaders.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>On October 19, 1952, Sriramulu began an indefinite fast demanding a separate Andhra state. Despite initial indifference from leaders, growing unrest led to political attention.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sriramulu died on December 15, 1952, after 58 days of fasting.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00a0His death led to widespread protests, and Nehru formally announced the creation of <strong>Andhra Pradesh on December 19, 1952<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formation of Andhra State<\/strong>: On October 1, 1953, the Telugu-speaking region of Andhra Pradesh was formed, with Kurnool as its capital.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legacy<\/strong>: Sriramulu was posthumously honored with the title &#8220;<strong>Amarajeevi<\/strong>&#8221; for his ultimate sacrifice. Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh is named in his honor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source :TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Santa Ana Winds<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Santa Ana winds and climate change are fueling wildfires in Malibu, California.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Santa Ana winds<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Santa Ana winds are <strong>dry, warm, and powerful winds<\/strong> that originate in the Great Basin, a region between the <strong>Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They occur when high-pressure systems develop over the inland deserts, while low-pressure conditions prevail over<strong> California&#8217;s coastal areas.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This pressure difference forces strong winds to<strong> flow westward<\/strong>, descending the mountains toward the <strong>Pacific Ocean.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impact\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As these winds descend, they compress, heat up, and lose humidity\u2014sometimes reducing moisture levels to below 10%.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The resulting hot and dry conditions desiccate vegetation, making it highly flammable and prone to wildfires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-climate\/how-santa-ana-winds-and-climate-change-are-fueling-wildfires-in-malibu-9726854\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) has set up 4 Smart Advanced Manufacturing and Rapid Transformation Hub (SAMARTH) Centres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is an<strong> Industry 4.0<\/strong> initiative of the Ministry of Heavy Industry &amp; Public Enterprises, under its scheme on\u00a0 \u201c<strong>Enhancement of Competitiveness in the Indian Capital Goods Sector\u201d.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is aimed at promoting smart and advanced manufacturing technologies, boosting digital transformation, and strengthening India&#8217;s manufacturing sector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>What is Industry 4.0?<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Industry 4.0 <\/strong>refers to the<strong> fourth industrial revolution<\/strong>, characterized by the integration of technologies such as <strong>Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and data analytics <\/strong>into manufacturing processes.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>SAMARTH Centres<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The established Centres are as;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Centre for Industry 4.0 (C4i4) Lab, Pune,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IITD-AIA Foundation for Smart Manufacturing, IIT Delhi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>I-4.0 India @ IISc, Bengaluru, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Smart Manufacturing Demo &amp; Development Cell, CMTI, Bengaluru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Further, <strong>10 cluster Industry 4.0 experience centres<\/strong> have been approved under the Hub and Spoke model to be established across India by Centre for Industry 4.0 (C4i4) Lab, Pune.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Objectives of SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Organizing awareness seminars<\/strong>, workshops, and knowledge-sharing events on Industry 4.0 technologies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Providing training programs<\/strong> to industries, including MSMEs, for capacity building.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Offering consultancy in IoT hardware, software development, and data analytics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key achievements of the SAMARTH Centres\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C4i4 Lab, Pune<\/strong> developed an Industry 4.0 solutions-enabled Model Factory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CMTI, Bengaluru<\/strong> created a production-based Smart Factory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Development of the<strong> Industry 4.0 Maturity Model (I4MM)<\/strong> to assess the readiness and progress of industries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C4i4 Lab launched a <strong>Free Online Assessment Tool<\/strong> to help MSMEs evaluate their Industry 4.0 readiness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2084143\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PIB<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Revised the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Environment&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in Delhi-NCR has revised the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) for December 2024 to address worsening air quality during the winter months.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP)<\/strong> is an emergency response mechanism for Delhi-NCR, designed to address deteriorating air quality based on the average <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/07-11-2022\/air-quality-index-aqi\">AQI levels.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It involves multiple stakeholders and authorities to take action.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stages\u00a0 : It <\/strong>has four stages based on AQI thresholds: Stage I for \u201cpoor\u201d air (201-300), Stage II for \u201cvery poor\u201d (301-400), Stage III for \u201csevere\u201d (401-450), and Stage IV for \u201csevere+\u201d (above 450).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00a0The revised GRAP incorporates targeted actions from the earlier Stages III and IV into Stages II and III, based on scientific data, expert recommendations, and past experiences.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Recent Developments\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The updated plan imposes stricter measures when air quality worsens. Currently, Stage II restrictions, for an AQI of 201-300 (&#8220;very poor&#8221;), are in effect.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key changes include: <\/strong>A ban on inter-state buses from entering Delhi, except electric, CNG, or BS-VI diesel buses, now moved from Stage III (AQI 301-400) to Stage II.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Schools and colleges will switch to a hybrid mode (in-person and online classes) during high pollution, rather than closing entirely. This applies to schools in Delhi, Gurugram, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, and Gautam Buddha Nagar when AQI reaches &#8216;severe&#8217;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For Stage IV (AQI over 450), hybrid classes will be implemented for students in Classes 6-9 and 11.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source :PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>National Energy Conservation Day<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>December 14 is designated as the\u00a0 National Energy Conservation Day in India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was introduced in <strong>1991<\/strong>, by th<strong>e Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)<\/strong> under the Ministry of Power.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It serves as a reminder of the vital role energy plays in our lives and the urgency of conserving it.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA):\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Instituted in <strong>1991<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These awards honour the efforts of industrial units, and establishments that have significantly reduced energy consumption while maintaining their operational efficiency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Each year the Awards are presented on 14th December.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2084043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi paid tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his death anniversary.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33781","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33781"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33782,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33781\/revisions\/33782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}