{"id":33607,"date":"2024-12-12T18:46:15","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T13:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=33607"},"modified":"2024-12-12T18:46:16","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T13:16:16","slug":"news-in-short-12-december-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/12-12-2024\/news-in-short-12-december-2024","title":{"rendered":"News In Short 12-12-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Vaikom Satyagrah<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Modern History<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2024 marks the<strong> 100 years of Vaikom Satyagrah (1924).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cause:<\/strong> The movement was initiated against the <strong>practice of untouchability<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In Vaikom in the <strong>erstwhile Travancore princely State, <\/strong>members of the lower castes, particularly Dalits, were denied the right to walk on roads leading to the Vaikom Shiva Temple.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Leadership:<\/strong> It was led by <strong>T.K. Madhavan, K. Kelappan,<\/strong> and other prominent leaders.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mahatma Gandhi also supported the cause, sending his advice, although he did not physically participate in the protests initially.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>E.V. Ramasamy Periyar,<\/strong> a prominent social reformer and leader of the Self-Respect Movement, also lent support to the movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protest:<\/strong> Participants in the Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) demanded the right of Dalits to use public roads and approach the temple like other castes.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They engaged in peaceful marches and acts of civil disobedience, despite facing violent opposition from upper-caste groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Outcome:<\/strong> After over a year of protest and negotiations, the Government eventually allowed Dalits to use the public roads leading to the temple, marking a victory for social equality and the end of caste-based discrimination in the region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Significance: <\/strong>The Vaikom Satyagraha played a vital role in the social reform movement in Kerala and was an important part of the broader struggle against untouchability and caste oppression in India.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It also marked the first major organized movement against untouchability in the Indian independence movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/vaikom-two-states-two-leaders-and-a-tale-of-reform\/article68974137.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Saydnaya Prison<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Places in News<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thousands of detainees, primarily political prisoners, were freed from Syria&#8217;s<strong> Saydnaya Prison.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Saydnaya prison, also spelt Sednaya, was established in the 1980s in a small town near to the capital Damascus in Syria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was administered by the Syrian military police for decades, with the first detainees arriving in 1987.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It served as a &#8220;human slaughterhouse&#8221; while subjecting its detainees to inhumane conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Geographical Location of Syria<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Syria is located in the Middle East, in the western part of the Asian continent.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It shares borders with Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, Israel and Lebanon to the southwest, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Syria occupies a strategic position, linking the <strong>Levant region with the rest of the Arab world.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"debf90\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Geographical-Location-of-Syria-pic.webp\" alt=\"Geographical-Location-of-Syria\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-33608\" style=\"--dominant-color: #debf90; width:506px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Geographical-Location-of-Syria-pic.webp 865w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Geographical-Location-of-Syria-pic-300x170.webp 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Geographical-Location-of-Syria-pic-768x435.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/syria-saydnaya-sednaya-prison-slaughterhouse-9717599\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Abetment of Suicide<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Polity and Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>Supreme Court of India <\/strong>held that mere allegations of harassment are not enough to invoke charges of abetment of suicide under <strong>Section 306<\/strong> of the<strong> Indian Penal Code (IPC).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Section 306 IPC states that<\/strong> &#8220;if any person commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide, shall be punished with imprisonment for up to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>For a conviction<\/strong> there must be clear evidence of direct or indirect acts of incitement to commit suicide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Supreme court ruling<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The prosecution must prove beyond doubt that the accused played a definitive role in the abetment.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Without clear evidence of an active role in provoking or assisting the suicide, a conviction under Section 306 IPC cannot be sustained.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.deccanherald.com\/india\/mere-allegations-of-harassment-not-enough-for-abetment-of-suicide-rules-supreme-court-3313577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>World Malaria Report<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to the <strong>World Malaria report, <\/strong>released by the <strong>World Health Organization (WHO),<\/strong> India has seen significant progress in reducing malaria incidence and mortality rates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key findings<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The malaria caseload in India was<strong> reduced by 69 percent<\/strong> from 6.4 million in 2017 to <strong>two million in 2023.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 2023,<strong> India accounted for half of all estimated malaria cases<\/strong> in the WHO South-East Asia Region, followed by Indonesia, which accounted for just under one-third.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Region had <strong>eight malaria endemic countries in 2023,<\/strong> accounting for<strong> 4 million cases <\/strong>and contributing <strong>1.5 per cent<\/strong> of the burden of malaria cases globally.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bhutan and Timor-Leste, <\/strong>from the Region, reported <strong>zero malaria deaths<\/strong> since 2013 and 2015, respectively, while <strong>Sri Lanka<\/strong> was certified <strong>malaria-free in 2016.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>What is Malaria?<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Malaria <\/strong>is a life-threatening disease spread to humans by some types of mosquitoes. It is mostly found in tropical countries.\u00a0<br>&#8211; <strong>Transmission: <\/strong>It is caused by <strong>plasmodium protozoa.<\/strong>The plasmodium parasites spread through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.Blood transfusion and contaminated needles may also transmit malaria.\u00a0<br>&#8211; <strong>Types of parasites: <\/strong>There are 5 Plasmodium parasite species that cause malaria in humans and 2 of these species \u2013 <strong>P. falciparum and P. vivax <\/strong>\u2013 pose the greatest threat. The other malaria species which can infect humans are <strong>P. malariae, P. ovale and P. knowlesi.<\/strong><br>1. <strong>P. falciparum is the deadliest malaria parasite<\/strong> and the most prevalent on the African continent. P. vivax is the dominant malaria parasite in most countries outside of sub-Saharan Africa.\u00a0\u00a0<br>&#8211; <strong>Symptoms:<\/strong> Fever and flu-like illness, including chills, headache, muscle ache and fatigue.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ddnews.gov.in\/en\/malaria-cases-deaths-in-india-decline-by-69pc-between-2017-2023-who\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DDNEWS<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Ghost Gun<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ghost guns<\/strong> are becoming more common in crimes, posing a <strong>growing threat to public safety.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Biden administration has taken steps to regulate <strong>ghost guns by requiring serial numbers<\/strong> and background checks for kits and parts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What are Ghost Guns?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ghost guns are homemade firearms that lack serial numbers, making them virtually untraceable by law enforcement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They can be assembled from kits or individual parts purchased online or at gun shows, often without background checks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ghost guns are becoming more common in crimes, posing a growing threat to public safety.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Need For Regulation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ghost guns pose a <strong>threat to internal security<\/strong> by enabling criminals to acquire firearms without background checks or traceability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>use of 3D printing to manufacture gun<\/strong> parts raises concerns about the accessibility of firearms and the need for technological regulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gun violence is a major social issue <\/strong>in many countries (like US), and the proliferation of ghost guns adds another layer of complexity to the problem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Shortfin Mako Shark<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Species in News<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A young shortfin mako shark has been tagged for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea by researchers from the United States.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a large, <strong>predatory shark<\/strong> that lives in the open ocean.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is the<strong> fastest shark<\/strong> and is one of the fastest fishes on the planet.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"224e6e\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"456\" height=\"306\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Shortfin-Mako-Shark.webp\" alt=\"Shortfin-Mako-Shark\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-33609\" style=\"--dominant-color: #224e6e; width:408px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Shortfin-Mako-Shark.webp 456w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Shortfin-Mako-Shark-300x201.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Shortfin mako sharks are known to be<strong> highly migratory,<\/strong> with individuals making long migrations every year.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>It is found offshore in tropical and warm temperate waters of all oceans, but has been known to travel to cooler waters at times.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The main threats<\/strong> to this species are overfishing and bycatch.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Conservation Status:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IUCN<\/strong>: Critically Endangered.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Appendix II species under CITES.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/wildlife-biodiversity\/in-a-first-mako-shark-in-the-mediterranean-tagged-by-virginia-tech-researchers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2024 marks the 100 years of Vaikom Satyagrah (1924).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33607"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33610,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33607\/revisions\/33610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}