{"id":33384,"date":"2024-12-07T19:27:25","date_gmt":"2024-12-07T13:57:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=33384"},"modified":"2025-01-28T18:41:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T13:11:52","slug":"india-100-day-tb-elimination-campaign","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/07-12-2024\/india-100-day-tb-elimination-campaign","title":{"rendered":"India\u2019s 100-Day TB Elimination Campaign"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In a decisive step towards eliminating TB in India, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, is all set to launch the<strong> 100 Day TB elimination campaign.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The initiative, set to be implemented in 33 States and Union Territories, has been designed<strong> to enhance TB case detection, reduce diagnostic delays, and improve treatment outcomes.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India&#8217;s goal is to <strong>eliminate tuberculosis (TB) by 2025<\/strong>, five years ahead of the <strong>global target of 2030.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Global TB Cases: <\/strong>TB remains the leading infectious killer, surpassing COVID-19, with 8.2 million new cases in 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>India\u2019s TB Burden:<\/strong> India, with the highest TB burden globally, recorded 2.8 million cases in 2023.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India alone accounted for<strong> 26% of global cases and 29% of global TB deaths<\/strong> (315,000 deaths).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India is followed by Indonesia (10%), China (6.8%), the Philippines (6.8%), and Pakistan (6.3%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Multidrug-Resistant TB:<\/strong> India represents 27% of the world\u2019s multi-drug-resistant TB cases, underscoring the need for specialized treatment approaches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Tuberculosis?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tuberculosis (TB) is an<strong> infectious disease<\/strong> that most often affects the lungs and is caused by the <strong>bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It spreads through the air when infected people <strong>cough, sneeze or spit.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Symptoms:<\/strong> prolonged cough (sometimes with blood), chest pain, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, fever, night sweats.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>While TB usually affects the lungs, it also affects the kidneys, brain, spine and skin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treatment:<\/strong> It is <strong>preventable and curable <\/strong>with antibiotics.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>TB Vaccine: The Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine<\/strong> remains the only licensed vaccine against TB; it provides moderate protection against severe forms of TB (TB meningitis) in infants and young children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\">Read our detailed article on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/tuberculosis-tb\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/tuberculosis-tb\/\"><strong>Tuberculosis (TB)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Challenges Faced by India in Eliminating TB<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Drug-resistant TB cases:<\/strong> India has a significant burden of drug-resistant TB, including multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This type of TB is much harder to treat and requires more expensive, specialised drugs and a longer duration of treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diagnostics and Case Detection:<\/strong> The accurate and timely diagnosis of TB remains a challenge.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Some areas lack access to modern diagnostic tools, leading to reliance on older methods with limitations.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Poor primary health-care and infrastructure: <\/strong>In many parts of India, especially in rural and remote areas, there is limited access to healthcare facilities.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment, allowing TB to spread within communities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stigma and Awareness:<\/strong> Stigma associated with TB lead to delays in seeking healthcare, and lack of awareness about the disease may contribute to its persistence.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Private Sector Engagement: <\/strong>A significant portion of healthcare services in India is provided by the private sector.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Coordinating efforts between the public and private sectors and ensuring standardized treatment protocols are crucial for effective TB control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treatment Adherence:<\/strong> TB treatment requires a prolonged course of antibiotics, and ensuring patient adherence to the full course is challenging.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vulnerable Populations: <\/strong>Certain populations, such as migrant workers, urban slum dwellers, and those living in crowded conditions, are at higher risk of TB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Steps Taken by Government of India to Eliminate TB<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP):<\/strong> The RNTCP, launched in <strong>1997,<\/strong> was the flagship program to control TB in India.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The program has been continuously revised and strengthened over the years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP):<\/strong> The Government of India has developed a National Strategic Plan (2017-25) for Ending TB in the country by 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/09-09-2022\/pradhan-mantri-tb-mukt-bharat-abhiyaan\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/09-09-2022\/pradhan-mantri-tb-mukt-bharat-abhiyaan\">Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan (PMTBMBA)<\/a>: <\/strong>Launched in <strong>2022 <\/strong>for community support to TB patients with the objective to provide people with TB with additional nutritional, diagnostic and vocational support.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Universal Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST): <\/strong>The government has scaled up efforts to provide universal access to drug susceptibility testing, helping to identify drug-resistant strains of TB early and tailor treatment accordingly.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Earlier, the patients were started on first line treatment and were tested for drug resistance only if the therapy did not work.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/13-12-2022\/ni-kshay-poshan-yojana\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/13-12-2022\/ni-kshay-poshan-yojana\">Ni-kshay portal<\/a>:<\/strong> An online Ni-kshay portal has been set up to track the notified TB cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>New Drugs: <\/strong>Newer drugs such as Bedaquiline and Delamanid for the treatment of drug-resistant TB have been included in the government\u2019s basket of drugs provided free TB patients.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R&amp;D for Treatment:<\/strong> Researchers have been studying shorter three- and four-month courses of anti-tubercular drugs, instead of the existing six-month therapy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vaccine Development:<\/strong> Trials are underway to test the effectiveness of a vaccine called Immuvac, which was initially developed to prevent leprosy, in preventing TB.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Researchers are also testing VPM1002, which is a recombinant form of the BCG vaccine modified to express the TB antigens better.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Suggestions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Setting norms and standards on TB prevention and care and promoting and facilitating their implementation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Developing and promoting evidence-based policy options for TB prevention and care.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitoring and reporting on the status of the TB epidemic and progress in financing and implementation of the response at global, regional and country levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2081379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a decisive step towards eliminating TB in India, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, is all set to launch the 100 Day TB elimination campaign.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33384"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36313,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33384\/revisions\/36313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}