{"id":32491,"date":"2024-11-21T19:34:08","date_gmt":"2024-11-21T14:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=32491"},"modified":"2024-11-21T19:34:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T14:04:10","slug":"role-of-urbanization-in-boosting-skills-and-employment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/21-11-2024\/role-of-urbanization-in-boosting-skills-and-employment","title":{"rendered":"Role of Urbanization in\u00a0 Boosting\u00a0 Skills and Employment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Governance, GS3\/ Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Urbanization presents opportunities for skill development and employment creation, particularly in a rapidly urbanizing country like India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Status of Urbanisation in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India is witnessing rapid urbanization. Every minute, 30 people migrate from rural to urban India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to the <strong>2011 Census<\/strong>, India\u2019s urban population increased from 27.7% in 2001 to <strong>31.1% in 2011<\/strong>, at a rate of 2.76% per year.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India is rapidly urbanizing and is estimated to host <strong>50 percent<\/strong> of its population in cities by <strong>2050.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India has <strong>6 mega cities<\/strong> (population over <strong>10 million<\/strong>) as per the 2011 Census: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Hyderabad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Opportunities of Urbanisation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Diverse Employment Options: <\/strong>Urban areas host various industries, including manufacturing, IT, retail, and services, creating jobs across skill levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Skill Enhancement Ecosystem: <\/strong>Urban centers serve as hubs for education and training institutes, fostering access to skill development programs.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Support for Entrepreneurship:<\/strong> Cities offer infrastructure, financial services, and market access that nurture entrepreneurial ventures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technology-driven Growth:<\/strong> With rapid technological advancements, urban centers are pivotal for digital skilling, fostering job creation in IT, AI, and e-commerce sectors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What are the Challenges?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Unplanned Urbanization: <\/strong>The lack of adequate planning results in inadequate infrastructure and slum proliferation.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>According to Census 2011, approximately 24%<\/strong> of urban households live in slums, reflecting challenges in housing and urban infrastructure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mismatch of Skills:<\/strong> Many workers migrating to cities lack the technical or soft skills required for urban jobs, resulting in underemployment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pressure on Resources:<\/strong> Overcrowding in cities strains housing, healthcare, and public utilities, impacting the quality of life and worker productivity.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to <strong>NFHS-5, 2019-21<\/strong>, over <strong>40%<\/strong> of the urban population lacks access to adequate sanitation facilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vulnerability in Informal Jobs:<\/strong> Workers in informal sectors face low wages, job insecurity, and lack of social security benefits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gender Disparities: <\/strong>Women face barriers to skill development and employment due to safety concerns, limited mobility, and societal norms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Environmental Stress:<\/strong> According to a report by TERI, Urban centers contribute nearly <strong>75%<\/strong> of India\u2019s total <strong>greenhouse gas emissions.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Government initiatives<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Skill India Mission:<\/strong> Focused on creating a skilled workforce through programs like <strong>Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Smart Cities Mission: <\/strong>Aims to develop <strong>100 smart cities<\/strong> with efficient infrastructure and governance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation):<\/strong> Improving urban infrastructure to support economic activities and better living standards.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Startup India Initiative: <\/strong>Fostering innovation and entrepreneurship by providing financial and regulatory support.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DAY-NULM (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana &#8211; National Urban Livelihoods Mission): <\/strong>Enhancing the employment and skill levels of the urban poor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Digital India Program:<\/strong> Promoting digital literacy and e-governance to support technology-driven employment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Suggestions\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Integrated Urban Planning: <\/strong>Develop well-planned urban centers with a focus on affordable housing, public transport, and access to training institutes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Public-Private Partnerships:<\/strong> Leverage private sector expertise in skill development and employment generation initiatives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Future-ready Skills: <\/strong>Emphasize digital, green, and soft skills to align with emerging industries and technologies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Support for Informal Sector:<\/strong> Introduce policies to formalize and enhance the working conditions of informal sector employees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Empowering Women:<\/strong> Ensure women\u2019s participation in urban job markets through safe and inclusive workspaces and focused training programs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Concluding remark<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Urbanization, if managed strategically, can serve as a catalyst for enhancing skills and employment opportunities, paving the way for sustained economic growth and inclusive development in India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/how-can-urbanisation-boost-skills-and-create-employment-9680495\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Urbanization presents opportunities for skill development and employment creation, particularly in a rapidly urbanizing country like India.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32491"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32492,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32491\/revisions\/32492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}