{"id":32381,"date":"2024-11-19T19:13:45","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T13:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=32381"},"modified":"2025-04-05T17:39:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T12:09:37","slug":"thai-sacbrood-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/19-11-2024\/thai-sacbrood-virus","title":{"rendered":"Thai Sacbrood Virus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Thai Sacbrood Virus (TSBV) poses a significant threat to pollinators, vital for agricultural productivity and nutritional security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Thai Sacbrood Virus<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects <strong>Apis cerana indica (Asiatic honey bees).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Symptoms: <\/strong>Infected larvae turn <strong>yellow and eventually black<\/strong>, adopting a sac-like appearance due to incomplete pupation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Geographical Spread:<\/strong> First identified in<strong> Southern India (1991-1992)<\/strong>, it devastated nearly 90% of Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana indica) colonies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It reemerged in Telangana in <strong>2021 <\/strong>and also has been reported in China and Vietnam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transmission: <\/strong>The exact transmission pathways remain unclear, likely mechanisms include:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Direct contact:<\/strong> Spread through bee-to-bee interactions and contaminated hive equipment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Viral spillover<\/strong> occurs from managed honey bees to wild pollinators, which mutate the virus and increase its virulence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Importance of Pollination<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Crop Yield:<\/strong> Pollination is essential for the reproduction of approximately 75% of global food crops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ecosystem Services:<\/strong> Pollinators like bees, butterflies, and birds play a pivotal role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting other species in the food chain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Climate Resilience:<\/strong> Pollination aids in the adaptation of plants to changing climates by promoting genetic diversity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Honey bees in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India hosts more than <strong>700 bee species<\/strong>, including four indigenous honey bees:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana indica),&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Giant rock bee (Apis dorsata),&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dwarf honey bee (Apis florea),&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The stingless bee (sp. Trigona).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Western honey bees<\/strong> were introduced in India in <strong>1983 <\/strong>to increase the country\u2019s honey yield.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Waggle dance and circle dance<\/strong><br>&#8211; Bees use <strong>two kinds of dances<\/strong> to communicate information: the waggle dance and the circle dance.\u00a0<br>&#8211; The purpose of either dance is for some honey bees to <strong>communicate to others the location of a flower patch <\/strong>with more nectar or pollen.\u00a0<br>1. One bee dances while the others watch it to figure out the directions.<br><strong>Waggle dance<\/strong><br>&#8211; During a waggle dance, the bees move in a figure of eight formation. The dance <strong>indicates both the distance and the direction<\/strong> to the patch.\u00a0<br>&#8211; In this the straight line in the roughly figure of eight formation is called the waggle run.<br><strong>Circle dance<\/strong><br>&#8211; In a circle dance, the bees move in a circle.\u00a0<br>&#8211; The dance <strong>indicates only the distance<\/strong> to the hive.<br><br><strong>Note: Read our detailed article on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/waggle-dance\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/waggle-dance\/\">Waggle Dance<\/a>.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/emerging-infectious-diseases-bees-habitat-loss-food-economies\/article68878421.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Thai Sacbrood Virus (TSBV) poses a significant threat to pollinators, vital for agricultural productivity and nutritional security.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32381"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40429,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32381\/revisions\/40429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}