{"id":31532,"date":"2024-10-29T20:04:26","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T14:34:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=31532"},"modified":"2024-10-29T20:04:27","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T14:34:27","slug":"news-in-short-29-10-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/29-10-2024\/news-in-short-29-10-2024","title":{"rendered":"News In Short 29-10-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Sohrai Painting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PM Modi presented a<strong> Sohrai painting <\/strong>to the Russian President Vladimir Putin during the BRICS summit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sohrai Painting is a folk\/tribal painting<\/strong> tradition mostly practiced in the villages of<strong> Jharkhand\u2019s Hazaribagh area.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The colors <\/strong>used in this picture <strong>(red, black, yellow, and white) <\/strong>are natural earth colors foraged from the wild or purchased from local merchants.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Chewing twigs<\/strong> are used as paint brushes, while cloth rags are used to apply the base coat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Theme: <\/strong>The paintings are known for their <strong>expressive storytelling<\/strong>, depicting <strong>animals, birds and nature<\/strong>, which is a <strong>reflection of the agrarian lifestyle<\/strong> and the reverence for wildlife in tribal culture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The paintings depict a <strong>matriarchal tradition<\/strong> in which the art form is passed down as a legacy to daughters by their mothers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeXELZvj2BGZFw8SdKMcvInIgRizi9jUR5BXTEt2A3lTH5JBeZQh1iZ3UdUK396zRda2PorE2kdr9EKMICu_R0I2Cn0FPHP_HrCAKeb4DcXeEIaV3P2prJSlyh88Dk4rBHwou2I6u7gp7HtWl4pt86e98AB?key=c8rPkw5KVG5QEmckhCfYWr4H\" alt=\"Sohrai Painting\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/ranchi\/pm-modi-gifts-stunning-sohrai-painting-to-putin-at-brics-summit\/articleshow\/114707977.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TOI<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Sambhar Lake<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Over 40 migratory birds died at<strong> Sambhar Lake<\/strong> in Rajasthan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Sambhar Lake<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Location:<\/strong> About 80 km southwest of Jaipur in east-central Rajasthan and is India&#8217;s largest inland salt lake.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formation<\/strong>: Formed in a depression of the <strong>Aravalli Range<\/strong>, it has a rich history, with its salt supply utilized by the <strong>Mughal dynasty<\/strong> and later jointly managed by the princely states of Jaipur and Jodhpur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ramsar Site<\/strong>: Recognized as a wetland of<strong> international importance<\/strong> since 1990.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Salt Production:<\/strong> The lake is a major salt producer, housing one of India\u2019s largest salt manufacturing units.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Biodiversity<\/strong>: The area has <strong>xerophytic vegetation<\/strong> and is home to flamingoes, pelicans, and other waterfowl.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: TH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Triton Island<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recent satellite imagery reveals a significant military buildup by China on Triton Island, the closest landmass in the disputed Paracels archipelago to Vietnam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Triton Island<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Location:<\/strong> Triton Island is the southernmost island in the Paracel Islands chain in the South China Sea, situated closer to Vietnam than to other parts of China.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strategic Importance:<\/strong> Triton Island is of strategic importance due to its proximity to vital shipping lanes, fisheries, and potential underwater energy reserves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Conflicting Claims: <\/strong>The Paracel Islands, including Triton Island, are claimed by <strong>China, Vietnam, and Taiwan<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>China asserts its claim based on the <strong>Nine-Dash Line<\/strong>, a demarcation on maps covering most of the <strong>South China Sea.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXf1CP90MLo-mktxgEn2U8LJB6vYq1ny_xTVfXAzrcX2cTRdfPQs1mZrLMO2QfKADR9baQpFI4jyU468UJNncp57IgOFv4louQySe3WJ151Wv-qFFKVv5-tGi17E6k4f3ALNzY2cFn5V7QH_4VbWk9uFpNk?key=c8rPkw5KVG5QEmckhCfYWr4H\" alt=\"Triton Island\" style=\"width:395px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>South China Sea<\/strong><br>&#8211; It is a marginal sea of the <strong>Western Pacific Ocean.\u00a0<\/strong><br>&#8211; It is located between <strong>southern China, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Malaysia.<\/strong><br>&#8211; It is a crucial maritime gateway and junction for shipping between the <strong>Pacific and Indian Oceans.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurasiantimes.com\/china-deploys-counter-stealth-radar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ET<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Justice K.S. Puttaswamy &amp; Right to Privacy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 2\/Governance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Justice KS Puttaswamy, petitioner in the &#8216;right to privacy case&#8217;, which led to the Supreme Court recognising the <strong>right to privacy as a fundamental<\/strong> right under <strong>Article 21<\/strong>, has passed away.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Puttaswamy Judgment (2017):<\/strong> The Supreme Court of India declared the Right to Privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the right to life and personal liberty.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The landmark judgment expanded privacy rights, asserting that the right is intrinsic to human dignity and autonomy. It set important precedents for areas like data protection, surveillance, and personal freedoms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Justice Puttaswamy would be one of the first litigants to challenge the Aadhaar scheme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Globally, <strong>Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)<\/strong> and <strong>Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR, 1966) <\/strong>both provide legal protections against \u201carbitrary interference\u201d with an individual&#8217;s privacy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Rule of Law Index<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently the<strong> Rule of Law Index<\/strong> has been published by the <strong>World Justice Project (WJP).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It has evaluated countries based on <strong>different factors, <\/strong>including constraints on government powers, absence of corruption, open government, fundamental rights, order and security, regulatory enforcement, civil justice, and criminal justice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India stands at <strong>98 out of 142 countries.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Top Rank: <\/strong>Denmark has secured first rank, followed by Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Germany in terms of law and order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Worst Rank:<\/strong> Pakistan has been ranked 140 among 142 countries making it the third worst country in the world.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mali and Nigeria are the only countries ranked lower than Pakistan.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The World Justice Project (WJP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is an independent, nonpartisan, multidisciplinary organization working to create knowledge, build awareness, and stimulate action to advance the rule of law worldwide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/pakistan-ranks-140-out-of-142-in-the-world-justice-project-rule-of-law-index\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>AIR<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Government Policies &amp; Interventions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently, the Prime Minister of India emphasised the importance of <strong>Pradhan Mantri Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (PMVKY),<\/strong> stating, <em>\u2018our tribal communities have shown the way when it comes to living in harmony with nature and conserving our forests\u2019.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (PMVKY)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>About:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a landmark initiative, launched on October 28, 2014, aimed at the <strong>holistic development of tribal communities.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It addresses the unique challenges faced by India\u2019s tribal populations, which constitute<strong> about 8.9% of the country\u2019s population<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It aims to empower tribal communities through comprehensive development strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key Components:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAAGY):<\/strong> It focuses on the integrated development of villages with significant tribal populations. It aims to improve basic services and facilities such as road and telecom connectivity, education, health services, and sanitation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs):<\/strong> It targets the socio-economic development of PVTGs while preserving their cultural heritage. It includes financial assistance for education, housing, livelihood, and health.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Support to Tribal Research Institutes: <\/strong>It aims to enhance the capacity of Tribal Research Institutes to conduct research and provide policy inputs for tribal development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pre-Matric and Post-Matric Scholarships:<\/strong> These scholarships support the education of tribal students, ensuring they have access to quality education and opportunities for higher studies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Administrative Assistance for Project Management Units: <\/strong>PMVKY allocates funds to establish project management units within state governments, ensuring that schemes related to the welfare of STs are effectively monitored and implemented.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Other Steps by Government for Tribal Welfare<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Eklavya Model Residential Schools:<\/strong> These have been established to provide quality education to <strong>STs students from classes VI to XII <\/strong>in every block having more than 50% ST population and at least 20,000 tribal persons (as per census 2011).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Vikas Mission (PMJVM): <\/strong>It has been restructured by merging and extending two existing schemes: the \u2018<em>Mechanism for Marketing of Minor Forest Produce through Minimum Support Price\u2019<\/em> and the <em>\u2018Institutional Support for Development and Marketing of Tribal Products\u2019<\/em>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It supports the theme of <strong>\u2018Vocal for Local by Tribal\u2019,<\/strong> aiming to empower tribal communities through local resource utilisation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) <\/strong>serves as the central implementing agency for this initiative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=153376&amp;ModuleId=3&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source: PIB<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Land Port Authority of India (LPAI)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Infrastructure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Union Home Minister inaugurated a passenger terminal building and a friendship gate<strong> <\/strong>\u201cMaitri Dwar\u201d built by the <strong>Land Port Authority of India (LPAI).<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Maitri Dwar (friendship gate)<\/strong> is a joint cargo gate at the Zero Line agreed upon by both countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Land Port Authority of India (LPAI)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Land Ports Authority of India Act, 2010<\/strong> provides for the establishment of the Land Ports Authority of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Authority shall consist of:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A Chairperson,<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Two Members<\/strong>, out of whom one shall be Member (Planning and Development) and other shall be Member (Finance)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Not more than nine members, ex officio, <\/strong>to be appointed by the Central Government from amongst the officers, not below the rank of the Joint Secretary to the Government of India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Functions of Authority<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Authority shall have powers to develop, <strong>sanitize and manage<\/strong> the facilities for <strong>cross border movement of passengers and goods<\/strong> at designated points along the international borders of India,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Put in place systems, which <strong>address security imperatives<\/strong> at the integrated check posts on the border,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Plan, construct and maintain roads<\/strong>, terminals and ancillary buildings other than national highways, State highways and railways, at an integrated check post, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/cities\/kolkata\/bangladesh-infiltration-amit-shah-tmc-9642012\/lite\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Greenhouse Gas Bulletin : WMO\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS 3\/Environment&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released the Greenhouse Gas Bulletin .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Greenhouse Gas Bulletin<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It has been published <strong>annually since 2004.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It presents the latest analysis of observations from the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme on <strong>concentrations of long-lived greenhouse gases<\/strong> in the atmosphere for 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It reports globally averaged surface mole fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Findings\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Global average CO2<\/strong> reached 420 ppm, <strong>methane <\/strong>at 1934 ppb, and nitrous oxide at 336.9 ppb, significantly above pre-industrial levels (151%, 265%, and 125%, respectively).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Methane and nitrous oxide levels rose, with methane being responsible for 16% of warming and N2O contributing about 6%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Drivers of Increase: <\/strong>The surge was driven by high CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, large vegetation fires, and reduced carbon absorption by forests.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The El Ni\u00f1o phenomenon and large vegetation fires contributed to the surge in greenhouse gases in 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Warming Effects<\/strong>: Radiative forcing from greenhouse gases increased by 51.5% from 1990 to 2023, with CO2 accounting for 81% of this increase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Suggestions\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The increase in CO2 and other gases highlights a concerning trend, signaling that current efforts to mitigate climate change are insufficient.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The report emphasizes the urgent need for action to meet the Paris Agreement goals and address rising greenhouse gas levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Coral Triangle<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Biodiversity and Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Experts recommend the <strong>Coral Triangle <\/strong>be classified as a <strong>Particularly Sensitive Sea Area <\/strong>to provide it with <strong>special protection<\/strong> from harmful maritime activities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Coral Triangle,<\/strong> often referred to as the <strong>\u2018Amazon of the seas\u2019,<\/strong> is a huge marine area spanning over 10 million square kilometres.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It<strong> includes countries <\/strong>like Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, the Philippines, Timor-Leste, and the Solomon Islands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXd4WMW2uxAV_AI_uczmOOoBYduxZStpOChYyMNOigw8nOJlXkTvZ0HkXIgUU33Lppxzw4Uhm2ddFPqFhH-D_Mh99Yhi9XWX6y-pz3TN0p8NXRjfHUWUfPsUDb1YjpY6d_WwQoywmFi2IbHboC032XHCRT0?key=c8rPkw5KVG5QEmckhCfYWr4H\" alt=\"Coral Triangle\" style=\"width:550px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This region is home to<strong> 76 percent of the world\u2019s coral species <\/strong>and supports more than 120 million people who rely on its resources for their livelihoods.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Serious dangers brought by <strong>fossil fuel expansion<\/strong> to the Coral Triangle, were highlighted by a report released in <strong>16th Conference of Parties (COP16) <\/strong>to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The report highlighted the overlaps with oil and gas blocks, affecting 24 percent of coral reefs, 22 percent of seagrass areas, and 37 percent of mangroves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is an area that needs <strong>special protection through action by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) <\/strong>because of its significance for <strong>recognized ecological or socio-economic or scientific reasons.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The area must be <strong>vulnerable to damage by international maritime activities.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Examples of PSSAs<\/strong> include the Great Barrier Reef, the Galapagos Islands, and the Wadden Sea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/wildlife-biodiversity\/coral-triangle-at-risk-new-report-highlights-fossil-fuel-threats-and-impacts-on-biodiversity-and-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Miyawaki Forest<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uttarakhand&#8217;s forest department has created the world&#8217;s highest-altitude Miyawaki forest at 8,000 ft in Pithoragarh, beating extreme conditions like sub-zero temperatures and wildlife threats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Miyawaki forest?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Named after Japanese botanist <strong>Akira Miyawaki<\/strong>, who developed this methodology in the <strong>1970s<\/strong>, it involves creating dense urban forests in a small area.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It involves planting two to four different types of<strong> indigenous trees<\/strong> within every square metre. The trees grow to their full length within<strong> three years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The dense green cover of indigenous trees plays a key role in <strong>absorbing the dust particles<\/strong> and regulating surface temperature.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The plants used are mostly <strong>self-sustaining<\/strong> and do not require regular maintenance like manuring and watering. Some of the common plants used include Anjan, Amala, Bel, Arjun and Gunj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/dehradun\/record-breaking-miyawaki-forest-blooms-at-8000-ft-in-the-himalayas\/articleshow\/114630891.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TOI<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PM Modi presented a Sohrai painting to the Russian President Vladimir Putin during the BRICS summit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31532"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31533,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31532\/revisions\/31533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}