{"id":31262,"date":"2024-10-23T18:09:09","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T12:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=31262"},"modified":"2024-10-23T18:09:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T12:39:10","slug":"india-and-china-reach-breakthrough-agreement-on-border-tensions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/23-10-2024\/india-and-china-reach-breakthrough-agreement-on-border-tensions","title":{"rendered":"India and China Reach Breakthrough Agreement on Border Tensions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/International Relation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India and China have reached an agreement on the<strong> \u201cpatrolling arrangements\u201d <\/strong>and the <strong>resolution of the<\/strong><strong>military stand-off<\/strong> at the Line of Actual Control (LAC).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It includes the remaining friction points of <strong>Demchok and Depsang.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>After the beginning of the <strong>stand-off in eastern Ladakh in 2020<\/strong>, India and China had deployed thousands of troops in forward posts along the LAC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After negotiations were held in a variety of forums, agreement has been arrived at leading to resolution of the issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Certain mutual agreements have also been made for the <strong>eastern theatre<\/strong>, especially in the sensitive sectors of Arunachal Pradesh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d6dad7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"474\" height=\"363\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/India-and-China-Reach-Breakthrough-Agreement-on-Border-Tensions-jpg.webp\" alt=\"India-and-China-Reach-Breakthrough-Agreement-on-Border-Tensions\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-31264\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d6dad7; width:406px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/India-and-China-Reach-Breakthrough-Agreement-on-Border-Tensions-jpg.webp 474w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/India-and-China-Reach-Breakthrough-Agreement-on-Border-Tensions-300x230.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The India-China Borders\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India considers the LAC to be <strong>3,488 km long,<\/strong> while the Chinese consider it to be only around<strong> 2,000 km.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It is divided into<\/strong> <strong>three sectors<\/strong>: the eastern sector which spans<strong> Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim<\/strong>, the middle sector in <strong>Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh,<\/strong> and the western sector in <strong>Ladakh.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Western Sector or Aksai Chin Sector:<\/strong> The region is claimed by the Chinese government <strong>post-1962 war<\/strong> as an autonomous part of the Xinjiang region which was originally a part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Middle Sector:<\/strong> It is the less disputed section of the Indo-China border but the <strong>recent Doklam standoff and Nathu La Pass trading issues<\/strong> have brought distress at all levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eastern Sector or Arunachal Pradesh:<\/strong><strong>McMahon Line<\/strong> had differentiated India and China in this sector but in the 1962 war the People\u2019s Liberation Army covered 9000 sq. km. area.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The announcement of a unilateral ceasefire made them step back on the international borderline.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, China has been claiming that area as their own and recently they have started to <strong>claim the whole of Arunachal Pradesh <\/strong>as their own.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d5c3a1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/countries-1024x576.png\" alt=\"countries\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-31266\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d5c3a1; width:520px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/countries-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/countries-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/countries-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/countries-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/countries.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"bbb9ab\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/McMahon-Line-pic-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"McMahon-Line\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-31267\" style=\"--dominant-color: #bbb9ab; width:522px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/McMahon-Line-pic-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/McMahon-Line-pic-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/McMahon-Line-pic-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/McMahon-Line-pic-jpg.webp 1432w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why did China Encroach on Indian Territory?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>To show its dominance:<\/strong> China felt that somehow India was not recognising the growing gap in their relative economic status, when China perceived that India was seeking to get closer to the United States (US) to balance China it decided that it needed to demonstrate its power.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>From the Chinese point of view, the basis of this \u201cstability\u201d does not come from settling its border issues with India, <strong>but dominance on the border and deterring Indian challenges.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>India\u2019s stand on China\u2019s Aggressive Foreign Policy:<\/strong> India sought to challenge the Chinese point of view in many ways.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>By building up its<strong> border infrastructure<\/strong> to more effectively maintain a deterrence capacity against the PLA along its borders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By developing a<strong> relationship with the US<\/strong> which appeared to merge the threats from China\u2019s primary and secondary strategic directions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By promoting its ties with exiled Tibetans and maintaining its relationship with the<strong> Dalai Lama.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Challenging China\u2019s efforts to develop ties in<strong> South Asia and the Indian Ocean region.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leading the <strong>global critique of China\u2019s Belt &amp; Road Initiative.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Threat to Chinese efforts in the South-Asian region:<\/strong> China needs to be accepted in its periphery as the foremost economic and military power, before it is taken seriously as a <strong>global power.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In its southwest is India, <strong>equally huge and populous<\/strong> and with aspirations of its own, and its neighbors most certainly see India as being the <strong>naturally pre-eminent power in South Asia.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00a0India\u2019s engagement with Chinese Adversaries: <\/strong>In recent years, India has developed strong military ties with the country which China believes is its <strong>primary threat, the United States.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>China would like to focus on the western Pacific challenge and retain stable ties with India in South Asia.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India\u2019s constant efforts, however, to upgrade its border infrastructure and strengthen its partnership with the US destabilise China\u2019s calculations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Disengaging from the points of friction is undoubtedly a step forward, and India and China must go a long way to solve the border dispute.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India should<strong> continue to press for complete disengagement and de-escalation<\/strong> from all friction areas.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Also, the Corps Commanders level talks must continue as the relationship cannot go back to normal as long as the situation along the stand-off lingers.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India must keep its stand firm over <strong>restoring the status quo<\/strong> and rebuilding peace all along the LAC.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Indian government must constantly watch all developments that affect India\u2019s security and take all essential measures to <strong>safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/foreign-secretary-vikram-misri-press-conference-in-new-delhi-on-october-21-2024\/article68778732.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India and China have reached an agreement on the \u201cpatrolling arrangements\u201d and the resolution of themilitary stand-off at the Line of Actual Control (LAC).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31262"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31268,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31262\/revisions\/31268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}