{"id":31207,"date":"2024-10-22T18:32:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T13:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=31207"},"modified":"2024-10-22T18:32:15","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T13:02:15","slug":"news-in-short-22-10-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/22-10-2024\/news-in-short-22-10-2024","title":{"rendered":"News In Short 22-10-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Egypt: 2nd country in 2024 to be declared \u2018malaria-free\u2019<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 2\/Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The World Health Organization (WHO) has certified<strong> Egypt as malaria-free<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Do you know ?<\/strong><br>&#8211; Certification is granted when a country can prove that indigenous malaria transmission has been interrupted nationwide for at least three consecutive years and has the capacity to prevent re-establishment.<br>&#8211; Egypt is the <strong>second country, after Cabo Verde<\/strong>, to achieve this status in 2024 and the fifth in Africa.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Historical Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Malaria has been documented in Egypt since 4000 B.C.E., with historical genetic evidence found in mummies.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The disease was particularly concentrated in<strong> Nile river communities due to favorable mosquito breeding conditions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Malaria&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Malaria is a life-threatening disease, is caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted through bites from infected<strong> female Anopheles mosquitoes.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, including<strong> sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The most deadly species is <strong>Plasmodium falciparum, but Plasmodium vivax<\/strong> is the most widespread.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After entering the human body, the parasite <strong>multiplies in the liver and then infects red blood cells<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Symptoms<\/strong>: Fever, headache, chills,Fatigue, confusion, seizures, difficulty breathing, jaundice, and dark urine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prevention Strategies :&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vector Control:<\/strong> Key strategies include insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), though resistance to insecticides is emerging.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R21\/Matrix-M Vaccine<\/strong>: Recommended in October 2023, further enhancing prevention efforts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chloroquine<\/strong>: Effective for P. vivax in sensitive regions, often supplemented with Primaquine to prevent relapses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Global and Indian Efforts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Global Malaria Program:<\/strong> Launched by WHO with a strategy to reduce malaria incidence and mortality by 90% by 2030.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>E-2025 Initiative: <\/strong>Aimed at halting malaria transmission in 25 countries by 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>India\u2019s National Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP): <\/strong>Focuses on multiple vector-borne diseases, including malaria, through integrated measures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :DTE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 2\/Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana<\/strong> has reached a remarkable milestone by achieving sales worth one thousand crore rupees.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About PMBJP&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was <strong>launched in 2008 <\/strong>by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals &amp; Fertilizers, Government of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It aims to <strong>provide quality generic medicines<\/strong> at affordable prices to all, particularly the underprivileged.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The scheme is<strong> implemented by the Pharma &amp; Medical Bureau of India (PMBI)<\/strong>, a registered society.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Implementation <\/strong>: Dedicated outlets, known as<strong> Janaushadhi Kendras<\/strong>, are established to offer these medicines.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These provide generic medicines at much lesser price. The potency of these medicines are the same as compared to expensive branded medicines available in the open market.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As of June 30, 2024, there are 12,616 operational Janaushadhi Kendras across India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Do you know ?<\/strong><br>&#8211; Generic drugs are marketed under a non-proprietary or approved name rather than a proprietary or brand name. Generic drugs are equally effective and inexpensive compared to their branded counterparts.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :Air<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>6th India-Singapore Defence Ministers\u2019 Dialogue&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Defense<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The 6th <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/05-09-2024\/india-and-singapore-elevated-ties#:~:text=The%20India%2DSingapore%20relationship%20is,connectivity%2C%20technology%2C%20and%20sustainability.\">India-Singapore<\/a> Defence Ministers\u2019 Dialogue will be co-chaired by India\u2019s Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh and Singapore\u2019s Defence Minister Dr. Ng Eng Hen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Dialogue&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/05-09-2024\/india-and-singapore-elevated-ties#:~:text=The%20India%2DSingapore%20relationship%20is,connectivity%2C%20technology%2C%20and%20sustainability.\">India and Singapore<\/a> share a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Singapore is a key pillar of India\u2019s Act East Policy and an important partner of the Indo-Pacific vision.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The defence and security partnership between the two countries is an important factor of stability in the Indo-Pacific region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;The meeting aims to carry forward defence cooperation between the two countries and they will also exchange views on regional and global issues of shared interest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :PIB<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>ICTP Galathea Bay<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Infrastructure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The mega international container transshipment port (ICTP) at <strong>Galathea Bay<\/strong> has been notified as the <strong>13th major port.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is located in the <strong>Great Nicobar island<\/strong> in the Bay of Bengal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Great Nicobar Island<\/strong> is a part of the Union territory of Andaman and Nicobar islands, is 40 nautical miles from Malacca Strait.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Malacca Strait<\/strong> is the international shipping channel catering to about 35 percent of the annual global sea trade.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The port will be strategically located on the <strong>East-West international trade<\/strong> and shipping route in proximity to transshipment terminals like <strong>Singapore, Klang and Colombo.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is also a part of the rapidly evolving Indo-Pacific geopolitical region.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As a gateway to the region, it will capture transshipment cargo from <strong>Indian east coast ports, as also Bangladesh and Myanmar.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"3f4665\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ICTP-Galathea-Bay-1024x560.webp\" alt=\"ICTP-Galathea-Bay\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-31208\" style=\"--dominant-color: #3f4665; width:542px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ICTP-Galathea-Bay-1024x560.webp 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ICTP-Galathea-Bay-300x164.webp 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ICTP-Galathea-Bay-768x420.webp 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ICTP-Galathea-Bay-jpg.webp 1079w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong> Currently nearly 75 per cent of India\u2019s transshipped cargo is handled at overseas ports.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The ICTP at Galathea Bay can save Indian ports $200-220 million each year in transshipment charges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/economy\/logistics\/galathea-bay-new-major-port-can-be-game-changer\/article68776059.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>BL<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Z-Morh Project<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Infrastructure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A Pakistan-backed Lashkar-e-Taiba, claimed responsibility for the recent terror attack on the <strong>Z-Morh Project<\/strong> site in J&amp;K.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Z-Morh Project<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Z-Morh tunnel is a 6.5-kilometer tunnel connecting the Sonamarg health resort with Kangan town in central Kashmir\u2019s Ganderbal district.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The name \u201cZ-Morh\u201d refers to the <strong>Z-shaped road section<\/strong> near the construction site.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The tunnel will provide all-weather connectivity to Sonamarg, a famous tourist destination on the Srinagar-Leh highway.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Billion Dollar tunnel project is also important for the success of the Zojila tunnel project, which is situated at an altitude of approximately 12,000 ft.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: TH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>2024 Index of Economic Freedom<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The<strong> Fraser Institute<\/strong> has released the <strong>2024 Economic Freedom of the World Report<\/strong>, which assesses economic freedom in 165 jurisdictions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The report ranks <strong>Hong Kong, Singapore, and Switzerland<\/strong> as the top three regions with the highest levels of economic freedom for the <strong>year 2022<\/strong>. <strong>India\u2019s rank is 84th.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is based on 42 variables, covering areas such as <strong>government size, property rights, monetary policy, and trade freedom.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The report highlights a global <strong>decline in economic freedom<\/strong> over the past three years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Countries with high economic freedom show significantly better economic outcomes. For example, their <strong>GDP per capita<\/strong> is on average 7.6 times greater than that of countries with low economic freedom.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other benefits <\/strong>in these countries include longer life expectancy, lower poverty rates, and higher happiness levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Space<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A private entity based in Hyderabad, has delivered two 400 kg satellites to ISRO for its upcoming Space Docking Experiment.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The goal of SPADEX is to enable two spacecraft, a <strong>\u2018Chaser\u2019 and a \u2018Target,<\/strong>\u2019 to autonomously dock in orbit, demonstrating precision, navigation, and control\u2014skills crucial for assembling space stations, refueling, and transferring astronauts and cargo in space.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The development of docking systems dates <strong>back to the Cold War<\/strong>, with the Soviet Union achieving the <strong>first successful docking in space in 1967<\/strong>, followed by the <strong>USA&#8217;s Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since then, docking technology has evolved significantly, becoming more automated and integral to modern space missions, as seen in Russia&#8217;s Soyuz spacecraft, NASA&#8217;s Crew Dragon, and China&#8217;s Tianzhou cargo spacecraft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The mission is significant for India&#8217;s future space exploration plans, including human spaceflight, satellite servicing, and constructing large space structures.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This experiment is a stepping stone toward India\u2019s ambitious space exploration vision, following ISRO\u2019s recent successes like<strong> Chandrayaan-3 and Aditya-L1.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: BS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Caenorhabditis Elegans<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Science &amp; Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A <strong>study on Caenorhabditis elegans<\/strong> found that small changes to the gene that controls the way that cells respond to nutrients around them led to the worms doubling their lifespan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About C. elegans<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C. elegans is a <strong>nematode <\/strong>(roundworm)\u2014a member of the phylum Nematoda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a non-hazardous, non-infectious, non-pathogenic, non-parasitic organism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It plays a role in <strong>soil ecosystems,<\/strong> feeding on bacteria and contributing to<strong> nutrient cycling.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is widely <strong>used in studies<\/strong> of aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and the effects of various genetic mutations.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Researchers can easily manipulate its genetics and observe the effects on development and behavior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/lifestyle\/health\/dietary-restriction-or-good-genes-new-study-greater-impact-lifespan-9630865\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Exercise Naseem-Al-Bahr<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS 3\/Defence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>Indian Navy and the Royal Navy of Oman <\/strong>recently concluded a bilateral naval exercise, <strong>&#8216;Naseem-Al-Bahr&#8217; <\/strong>off the coast of Goa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Initiated in 1993, <\/strong>the exercise was conducted in <strong>two phases<\/strong>: the harbour phase and the sea phase.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise reaffirms India&#8217;s commitment to constructive collaboration and mutual growth with like-minded nations in the<strong> Indian Ocean Region<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Do you know?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Oman is a crucial pillar of <strong>India&#8217;s West Asia Policy<\/strong> and its oldest regional strategic partner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Also, Oman is the <strong>first Gulf country<\/strong> with which all the three wings of India\u2019s defense forces hold joint exercises.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The exercise <strong>Eastern Bridge<\/strong> is conducted between the <strong>Air Force <\/strong>of the two countries, while the exercise <strong>Al<\/strong>&#8211;<strong>Najah<\/strong> is conducted between the <strong>Army<\/strong> of the two countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2066452\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PIB<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The World Health Organization (WHO) has certified Egypt as malaria-free.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31207","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31207"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31211,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31207\/revisions\/31211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}