{"id":30884,"date":"2024-10-15T18:32:10","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T13:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=30884"},"modified":"2024-10-15T18:32:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T13:02:12","slug":"x-band-radar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/15-10-2024\/x-band-radar","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0X-band Radar\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Climatology\/GS3\/Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>After devastating floods and landslides in <strong>Kerala\u2019s Wayanad district<\/strong> in July 2024, the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences approved an<strong> X-band radar to be installed in the district.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Radar?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Radar is short for <strong>\u2018radio detection and ranging\u2019<\/strong>. The device uses radio waves to determine the <strong>distance, velocity, and physical characteristics of objects <\/strong>around the device.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Working:<\/strong> A transmitter emits a signal aimed at an object whose characteristics are to be ascertained (in meteorology, this could be a cloud).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A part of the emitted signal is echoed by the object back to the device, where a receiver tracks and analyses it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Weather radar,<\/strong> also known as a Doppler radar, is a common application of this device.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Doppler effect is the change in frequency of sound waves as their source moves towards and away from a listener.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Application: <\/strong>In meteorology, Doppler radars can reveal how fast a cloud is moving and in which direction based on how the cloud\u2019s relative motion changes the frequency of the radiation striking it.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This way, modern Doppler radars can monitor weather conditions and anticipate new wind patterns, the formation of storms, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>X-band Radar<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A radar trying to \u2018see\u2019 <strong>smaller particles like rain droplets or fog<\/strong> will need to use radiation of lower wavelengths, like in the <strong>X-band.\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An X-band radar is radar that emits radiation in the X-band of the <strong>electromagnetic spectrum: 8-12 GHz, <\/strong>corresponding to wavelengths of around 2-4 cm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong> The smaller wavelengths allow the radar to produce images of higher resolution.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Use of Radars in India\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The India Meteorological Department (IMD) started using radar for weather applications in the<strong> early 1950s.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The first indigenously designed<\/strong> and manufactured X-band storm detection radar was installed in <strong>1970<\/strong> in New Delhi.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>In 1996, <\/strong>IMD replaced 10 outdated X-band radars with digital X-band radars.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India also uses <strong>S-band radars <\/strong>(2-4 GHz) for long-range detection.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The first S-band cyclone detection radar was installed in Visakhapatnam in 1970 and the first locally made variant was commissioned in Mumbai in 1980.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mission Mausam: <\/strong>The Union Cabinet cleared \u2018Mission Mausam\u2019 to upgrade meteorological infrastructure in the country.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This includes installing up to 60 meteorological radars until 2026 under the first phase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>NISAR<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is jointly developed by NASA and ISRO named as<strong>\u2018NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar\u2019 (NISAR).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will use <strong>radar imaging<\/strong> to produce a <strong>high-resolution map of the earth\u2019s landmasses.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Its payload consists of an L-band an S-band radar, together they will track and record changes in the earth\u2019s various natural processes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is currently expected to be launched onboard an ISRO GSLV Mk II rocket in 2025.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/what-is-wayanads-new-x-band-radar-explained\/article68750044.ece#:~:text=In%20Wayanad%2C%20the%20new%20radar,in%20shorter%20spans%20of%20time.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After devastating floods and landslides in Kerala\u2019s Wayanad district in July 2024, the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences approved an X-band radar to be installed in the district.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30884"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30885,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30884\/revisions\/30885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}