{"id":30822,"date":"2024-10-14T18:52:56","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T13:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=30822"},"modified":"2024-10-14T18:52:59","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T13:22:59","slug":"nobel-prize-in-medicine-2024-discovery-of-microrna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/14-10-2024\/nobel-prize-in-medicine-2024-discovery-of-microrna","title":{"rendered":"Nobel Prize in Medicine 2024: Discovery of microRNA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus:GS3\/Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Nobel Prize for Medicine 2024, has been awarded to scientists <strong>Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun<\/strong> for their <strong>discovery of microRNA.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is MicroRNA?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MicroRNA are molecules that <strong>help cells control their protein production.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Different cells in the body create different proteins, depending on their specific functions.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>differentiation among cells is governed by gene regulation<\/strong>, which effectively turns on or off specific genes in a cell in order to allow it to carry its specific task.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Proteins formation\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The body makes proteins in a complex process with two broad steps.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>In the transcription step<\/strong>, a cell copies a DNA sequence into <strong>messenger RNA (mRNA)<\/strong> in the nucleus. The mRNA moves from the nucleus, through the cell fluid, and attaches itself to the ribosome.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In the translation step<\/strong>, another type of RNA called <strong>transfer RNA (tRNA) <\/strong>brings specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are linked together in the order specified by the mRNA to make the protein.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Micro RNA,<\/strong> or miRNA, regulates the production of proteins by bonding with and subsequently <strong>silencing the mRNA<\/strong> at an appropriate juncture. The process is called <strong>post-transcriptional gene regulation.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance of the study<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The discovery revealed a <strong>new dimension to gene regulation<\/strong> where MicroRNAs are fundamentally important for how organisms develop and function.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A single microRNA can regulate the expression of many different genes and similarly a single gene can be regulated by multiple microRNAs.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hence <strong>microRNA coordinating and fine-tuning<\/strong> entire networks of genes.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The cells and tissues do not develop normally without microRNAs. Abnormal regulation by microRNA can contribute to cancer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mutations in genes coding <\/strong>for microRNAs have been found in humans, causing conditions such as congenital hearing loss, eye and skeletal disorders.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/medicine-nobel-2024-awarded-to-victor-ambros-and-gary-ruvkun\/article68727613.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Nobel Prize for Medicine 2024, has been awarded to scientists Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their discovery of microRNA.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30822"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30823,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30822\/revisions\/30823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}