{"id":29940,"date":"2024-09-24T20:29:49","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T14:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=29940"},"modified":"2024-09-24T20:29:50","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T14:59:50","slug":"transit-oriented-development-tod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/24-09-2024\/transit-oriented-development-tod","title":{"rendered":"Transit Oriented Development (TOD)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Infrastructure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indian cities are on the brink of a<strong> transportation revolution<\/strong>, with a projected expenditure of \u20b93 trillion (between 2022\u20132027) set to be spent on approved metro rail projects.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These investments will not only enhance <strong>urban mobility but can also unlock vast economic potential.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Studies reveal that investment in public transportation can generate<strong> thousands of jobs and deliver economic returns 5-7 times greater<\/strong> than the initial outlay.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To leverage investments in mass transit and maximise the economic benefits as well as improve quality of life in cities, the Government of India approved the <strong>National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy<\/strong> and <strong>Metro Rail Policy in 2017.\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>27 Indian cities are building metro rail systems, and many others are building other forms of rail- and bus-based mass rapid transit systems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Transit Oriented Development (TOD)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It means<strong> integrated urban places designed to bring people, activities, buildings, and public space together, <\/strong>with easy walking and cycling connection between them and <strong>near-excellent transit service to the rest of the city.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It means<strong> inclusive access for all<\/strong> to local and citywide opportunities and resources by the most efficient and healthful combination of mobility modes, at the lowest financial and environmental cost.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inclusive TOD is a necessary foundation for long-term sustainability, equity, shared prosperity, and civil peace in cities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Benefits of TOD:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reduced Traffic Congestion:<\/strong> By encouraging the use of public transit, TOD can help alleviate road congestion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Economic Development:<\/strong> Increases property values and stimulates local economies through increased foot traffic and business opportunities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Community Connectivity:<\/strong> Fosters a sense of community by integrating various uses and encouraging social interactions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Healthier Lifestyles: <\/strong>Promotes active transportation options like walking and biking, which can improve public health outcomes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Need for TOD<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>longer work\u2013home commutes<\/strong>, and the<strong> congestion and pollution<\/strong> arising from greater private vehicular use, are hampering access to jobs and labour markets, productivity and liveability.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bengaluru<\/strong>, is among the world\u2019s most traffic-congested cities, with the social cost estimated to be 5% of the city\u2019s GDP as per 2018 figures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Improving accessibility to jobs<\/strong>, through safe and efficient transport modes, can significantly <strong>enhance workforce productivity and participation.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Clustering job growth<\/strong> near transit boosts innovation, productivity, and competitiveness \u2014 far more than dispersed job growth.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It also spurs<strong> local economic and real estate development<\/strong>, leading to increased revenues for public agencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Adopted by the Union ministry of housing and urban affairs (MoHUA) in <strong>2017<\/strong>, the TOD Policy provides for <strong>densification of areas around transit corridors<\/strong> by allowing <strong>higher built-up area for residential and commercial developments.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The idea is to <strong>promote the use of public transport<\/strong>, encourage walking and cycling, and develop compact walkable communities.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>influence zone plan,<\/strong> which is a detailed plan of the area around a transit station, has to be <strong>prepared by the local authorities.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>States <\/strong>can formulate their own TOD policy since land is a state subject or can adopt the Centre\u2019s policy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Way Ahead<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>High-functioning global cities like Hong-Kong<\/strong> have <strong>57% of jobs <\/strong>within 500 m of a transit station, 84% within 1 km, and 96% within 2 km.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The city has one of the<strong> highest levels of transit use<\/strong> and one of the<strong> lowest levels of car ownership.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This has enabled its Gross Value Added per capita <strong>to increase by 50%, <\/strong>while fuel consumption and carbon emissions per capita <strong>decreased by 10%.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apart from conventional funding sources, the government can explore <strong>public-private partnerships<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The private sector (businesses, developers, financing institutions) can play a significant role in directing commercial and industrial investments, near transit stations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transport infrastructure is a <strong>prime driver of economic activity<\/strong> and a developing country like India will continue to invest in it.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This must encompass the <strong>upgradation of public infrastructure,<\/strong> and institutionalising coordinated action to shape inclusive, low carbon, compact and connected growth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/cities\/bangalore\/leveraging-transit-oriented-development-to-build-productive-cities\/article68675329.ece#:~:text=To%20leverage%20investments%20in%20mass,urban%20planning%20and%20growth%20management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Indian cities are on the brink of a transportation revolution, with a projected expenditure of \u20b93 trillion (between 2022\u20132027) set to be spent on approved metro rail projects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29940"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29940\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29941,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29940\/revisions\/29941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}