{"id":29702,"date":"2024-09-19T19:18:39","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T13:48:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=29702"},"modified":"2024-09-19T19:18:41","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T13:48:41","slug":"india-sent-notice-to-pakistan-to-review-indus-water-treaty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/19-09-2024\/india-sent-notice-to-pakistan-to-review-indus-water-treaty","title":{"rendered":"India Sent Notice to Pakistan to Review Indus Water Treaty"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/IR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India has sent a formal notice to Pakistan,\u00a0 seeking the \u201creview and modification\u201d of the <strong>Indus Water treaty (IWT).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The latest notice is issued under <strong>Article XII (3) of the IWT,<\/strong> signaling India\u2019s intent to <strong>revoke and renegotiate<\/strong> the 64-year-old treaty.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Article XII (3) states: \u201cThe provisions of this Treaty may from time to time be modified by a duly ratified treaty concluded for that purpose between the two Governments\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The two notifications come amidst a<strong> prolonged controversy over the construction of two hydel power projects by India<\/strong> in Jammu &amp; Kashmir \u2014 <strong>one on Kishanganga, a tributary of Jhelum,<\/strong> in Bandipora district, and the other (<strong>Ratle Hydroelectric Project) on<\/strong><strong>Chenab <\/strong>in Kishtwar district.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Both are<strong> \u201crun-of-the-river\u201d project<\/strong>s, meaning they generate electricity (330 MW and 850 MW respectively) using the natural flow of the river, and without obstructing its course.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, <strong>Pakistan has repeatedly alleged that both these projects violate the IWT.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Indus Water Treaty<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indus Water Treaty was signed in <strong>1960 <\/strong>between India and Pakistan\u00a0 after nine years of negotiations arranged by the World Bank.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dfe4e3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"407\" height=\"475\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/09\/The-Indus-Water-jpg.webp\" alt=\"The Indus Water Treaty\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-29703\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dfe4e3; width:339px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/09\/The-Indus-Water-jpg.webp 407w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2024\/09\/The-Indus-Water-257x300.webp 257w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It governs the <strong>management and use of the Indus River system.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Water Allocation: <\/strong>The treaty allocates the waters of the <strong>three eastern rivers (Beas, Ravi, and Sutlej) to India<\/strong> and the<strong> three western rivers (Indus, Chenab, and Jhelum) to Pakistan.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The treaty gave India about <strong>30% of the water<\/strong> carried out by the Indus Rivers Systemn while <strong>Pakistan got 70%<\/strong> of the waters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Permanent Indus Commission: <\/strong>The treaty established a <strong>commission <\/strong>to facilitate communication and cooperation between the two countries regarding water management.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dispute Resolution: <\/strong>Provisions are included for addressing disputes, primarily through consultation and negotiation.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to the treaty, there is a <strong>sequential, three-level mechanism <\/strong>where disputes are first decided at the<strong> level of the Indus Commissioners <\/strong>of the two countries, then escalated to the <strong>Neutral Expert<\/strong> who is appointed by the <strong>World Bank<\/strong>, and only then escalated to the Hague-based Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Development Projects: <\/strong>India is allowed to develop hydroelectric projects on the western rivers, provided they do not affect Pakistan\u2019s water supply.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Concerns for India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>There is a significantly<strong> altered population demographics<\/strong>, coupled with<strong> connected agricultural<\/strong> and other uses of the waters.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a<strong> need to accelerate the development of clean energy <\/strong>to meet <strong>India&#8217;s emission targets.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is the impact of <strong>persistent cross-border terrorism<\/strong> in Jammu and Kashmir which has impeded the smooth operations of the Treaty and undermined full utilization of India&#8217;s rights.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Indian Government has also asserted that the <strong>dispute resolution mechanism of the Treaty requires reconsideration.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indus Waters Treaty is considered one of the most successful water-sharing endeavours in the world today.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, there is a need to update certain technical specifications and expand the scope of the agreement to address climate change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/india-serves-notice-to-pakistan-seeking-review-of-indus-water-treaty\/article68655577.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India has sent a formal notice to Pakistan,\u00a0 seeking the \u201creview and modification\u201d of the Indus Water treaty (IWT).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29702"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29702\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29704,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29702\/revisions\/29704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}