{"id":28794,"date":"2024-09-02T18:38:22","date_gmt":"2024-09-02T13:08:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=28794"},"modified":"2024-09-05T15:48:22","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T10:18:22","slug":"india-pakistan-relations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/02-09-2024\/india-pakistan-relations","title":{"rendered":"India-Pakistan Relations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/International Relations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A new survey by the Centre for Policy Research (CPR) found that the<strong> relations between India and Pakistan are unlikely to become better in future.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The downturn in ties between India and Pakistan since 2016, after which no high-level bilateral talks have been held, is clearly mirrored in the survey.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Previous surveys in 2011 and 2013 had indicated a much higher optimism for reconciliation in the subcontinent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Brief on India- Pakistan Relations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India-Pakistan relations are complex and have been marked by <strong>periods of tension, conflict, and occasional cooperation<\/strong> since the two countries gained independence from Britain in 1947.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Timeline<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Partition and Early Conflicts: <\/strong>The partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947 led to large-scale migrations and violence.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The first major conflict came with the First Kashmir War (1947-48) over the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wars and Conflicts:<\/strong> The two countries fought three more major wars:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1965 War:<\/strong> Another conflict over Kashmir, resulting in a UN-mandated ceasefire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1971 War:<\/strong> Resulted in the independence of Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) after a brutal conflict.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1999 Kargil Conflict:<\/strong> A brief but intense conflict in the Kargil district of Kashmir where India emerged victorious.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nuclearization: <\/strong>Both countries conducted nuclear tests in 1998, this has added a new dimension to the strategic calculus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Peace Efforts and Dialogues:<\/strong> There have been numerous attempts at dialogue and peace-building, including the Agra Summit (2001) and the Lahore Summit (1999).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>However, progress has often been stymied by various issues, including terrorism and cross-border violence by Pakistan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Terrorism and Security Issues:<\/strong> Attacks like the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and the 2008 Mumbai attacks have significantly strained relations.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan has been accused of playing a role in several terrorist attacks in India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pulwama Attack:<\/strong> In February 2019, an attack on a convoy of Indian paramilitary forces in Pulwama, Kashmir, killed at least forty soldiers.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The attack, claimed by the Pakistani militant group JeM, was the deadliest in Kashmir in three decades.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India retaliated by conducting an air strike that targeted terrorist training camps within Pakistani territory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Current Dynamics:<\/strong> The relations remain strained, with sporadic dialogue and efforts at normalization, but ongoing issues like the Kashmir dispute, cross-border terrorism, and political tensions continue to dominate the relationship.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Areas of Cooperation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Indus Water Treaty:<\/strong> This treaty, established in 1960, governs the use of the Indus River and its tributaries.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Despite ongoing disputes, it has largely been successful in managing water resources between the two countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kartarpur Corridor Agreement (2019):<\/strong> An Agreement between India and Pakistan for the facilitation of pilgrims to visit Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, Pakistan, was signed in 2019 in order to fulfill the the long-standing demand of the pilgrims to have easy and smooth access to the holy Gurudwara.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cricket:<\/strong> Cricket matches between India and Pakistan often attract widespread attention and have sometimes been used as a platform to ease tensions and foster goodwill.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bilateral Talks: <\/strong>Periodic diplomatic dialogues and summits, despite their ups and downs, provide platforms for addressing various issues and finding common ground.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Peace Agreements: <\/strong>Simla Agreement (1972), Lahore Summit Declaration (1999), Agra Summit (2001) are the major peace establishing agreements signed between both the countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Way Ahead<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Both countries have significant internal and external challenges that impact their bilateral relations.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In keeping with its \u201c<strong>Neighbourhood First Policy<\/strong>\u201d, India desires normal neighbourly relations with Pakistan.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India\u00a0 has made clear that it <strong>will not compromise<\/strong> on issues relating to <strong>national\u00a0 security<\/strong> and will take <strong>firm and decisive steps<\/strong> to deal with all attempts to undermine <strong>India\u2019s security and territorial integrity.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/india-pakistan-cannot-better-ties-in-the-next-decade-say-respondents-in-both-countries-bangladeshis-are-more-optimistic\/article68593835.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new survey by the Centre for Policy Research (CPR) found that the relations between India and Pakistan are unlikely to become better in future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28794"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28795,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28794\/revisions\/28795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}