{"id":26434,"date":"2024-07-09T19:05:58","date_gmt":"2024-07-09T13:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=26434"},"modified":"2024-07-10T13:09:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T07:39:36","slug":"daily-current-affairs-09-07-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/09-07-2024\/daily-current-affairs-09-07-2024","title":{"rendered":"Daily Current Affairs 09-07-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cc0a1926947b8a1a0ef294459b95a36b\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Share of women in unincorporated sector<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 1\/Women Empowerment&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b72ae7c0e9db72158aed50846f069462\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to the recently released Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE)2022-23, The share of women owners and workers in unincorporated enterprises was relatively high in the southern States,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74dcfe960eab395d1b191c8644d93456\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Key Highlights<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Overview <\/strong>&nbsp;:Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector 2022-23 categorizes workers into manufacturing, trade, and other services, excluding agriculture and public sector entities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Data Analysis <\/strong>:&nbsp; Proportion of female workers to total workers has marginally increased from 25.52% in ASUSE 2021-22 to 25.63% in ASUSE 2022-23.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>About 54% of the proprietary establishments were observed to be headed by female proprietors in the Manufacturing sector&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regional Distribution<\/strong> : Southern states and some eastern states have a higher proportion of women owners and workers in unincorporated enterprises.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Share of women is lower in western, northern, and central states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Telangana leads with 41%, followed closely by other southern states exceeding 30% like West Bengal and Odisha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-759eec69da4bc50d8a7d4a717dbee641\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Nature of Unincorporated Sector<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>unincorporated sector<\/strong> includes jobs that require little to no capital and skills, such as street vending, as well as work that involves considerable investment and expertise, such as tailoring and car repair.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The shop may be operated by an individual or a self-employed entrepreneur who may enlist unpaid family members or employ paid workers.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They may work from a fixed location or in homes, small shops, and workshops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Within this sector, <strong>women constitute a substantial workforce,<\/strong> contributing to various industries and activities.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b4d2bcf01ae93bb71c1e0d5515386eb9\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Challenges faced by women&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Unpaid family worker: <\/strong>Women&#8217;s share among unpaid family workers is significantly higher than in other job types across all states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Income: <\/strong>Women engage in diverse occupations, from agriculture and handicrafts to informal services.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Their income levels often remain low due to lack of skill development and bargaining power.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gender Pay Gap: <\/strong>Women earn less than men for similar work, perpetuating economic inequality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lack of Social Security<\/strong>: Many women lack access to health insurance, pension schemes, and other safety nets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Informal Nature of Work:<\/strong> The unorganized sector lacks formal contracts, leaving women vulnerable to exploitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Major Initiatives<\/strong><br><br>&#8211; In order to enhance the employability of female workers, the Government is providing training to them through a network of <strong>Women Industrial Training Institutes, National Vocational Training Institutes and Regional Vocational Training<\/strong> Institutes.<br>&#8211; The Government has also introduced<strong> Skill India Mission <\/strong>to ensure economic independence of women through skill development and vocational training,\u00a0<br>&#8211; The <strong>National Skill Development Policy<\/strong> focuses on inclusive skill development, with the objective of increased women participation for better economic productivity.<br>&#8211; <strong>Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Kendras l<\/strong>ay emphasis on creating additional infrastructure both for training and apprenticeship for women<br>&#8211; There are schemes like <strong>Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana<\/strong> and<strong> Stand Up India, Prime Minister\u2019s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)<\/strong>, for helping the women to set up their own enterprise.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7e524003da384775a27b300b47b18ed8\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Conclusion and Way Forward&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Women across different age groups contribute to the unincorporated sector&nbsp; therefore Empowering women is not only a matter of economic justice but also a step toward inclusive growth.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a need to address issues like equal pay, safe working conditions, maternity leave and access to education is crucial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a need to Invest in training programs to enhance women\u2019s skills and empower them to access better-paying jobs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By recognizing Women\u2019s contributions and addressing their unique needs, we can create a more equitable and prosperous society.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_delhi\/issues\/90102\/OPS\/GRAD1FP6G.1+G6CD1HOB8.1.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-03d14c2816f7082f999a8aa6f7111ebe\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Primary Agricultural Credit Societies\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cb9dfec66108ce9f742f389a74ffcdb1\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Union government will set up multi-purpose Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACs) in around two lakh gram panchayats of the country with no cooperative network within the next five years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8fac2a2dae27eaad777df8a10085d305\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>What are Cooperative societies?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cooperative societies is a<strong> State Subject under Entry 32<\/strong> of the State List of Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While cooperative societies functioning within a single state are governed by the Cooperative Societies Act of their respective states, cooperative societies functioning in more than one state\/UT are governed by the <strong>Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002<\/strong> under the purview of the Government of India (GoI).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-aff55971709c12dfea9b032d6b3862ee\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) are credit societies that are registered under the<strong> Cooperative Societies Act of the State concerned.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are<strong> grassroots-level institutions<\/strong> in villages with individual farmers, artisans, and other weaker sections as member shareholders.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They form the <strong>lowest tier of the federated short-term cooperative credit structure <\/strong>with District Cooperative Banks (DCCBs) and\/or State Cooperative Banks (StCBs) in their upper tiers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96619d307dcc1209fdeace77ad89997d\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Benefits of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Credit Provision: <\/strong>PACs provide easy access to credit for farmers and rural residents. This includes short-term, medium-term, and long-term loans for agricultural and related activities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Financial Inclusion: <\/strong>They promote financial inclusion by bringing banking services to remote rural areas, helping people who might not have access to traditional banking facilities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agricultural Support:<\/strong> PACs provide support services like the supply of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides at reasonable rates, helping farmers increase productivity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Storage and Marketing:<\/strong> They assist in the storage of agricultural produce and sometimes in marketing it, ensuring that farmers get fair prices for their products.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Training and Education:<\/strong> PACs organize training programs and workshops to educate farmers on modern farming techniques, financial literacy, and sustainable agricultural practices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social and Economic Development:<\/strong> By improving access to credit and financial services, PACs contribute to the overall social and economic development of rural communities, reducing poverty and improving living standards.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Employment Generation: <\/strong>Through their various activities, PACs contribute to employment generation in rural areas, both directly and indirectly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f764d41745b8a4a8b9ed32ec6ecad086\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Challenges faced by PACS<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Limited Resources:<\/strong> Many PACs suffer from a lack of adequate financial and human resources, which limits their ability to provide comprehensive services to their members.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Political Interference:<\/strong> Political influence in the functioning of PACs can lead to favoritism, corruption, and misallocation of resources, undermining their purpose.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>High Overdue Loans:<\/strong> A significant issue is the high level of non-performing assets (NPAs) due to overdue loans. Poor recovery mechanisms and lax lending practices contribute to this problem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limited Credit Products:<\/strong> PACs offer a narrow range of credit products, which may not meet the diverse needs of the rural population.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technological Backwardness:<\/strong> Many PACs lag in adopting modern technology and digital banking solutions, which affects their efficiency and competitiveness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23d39977e4a1a2e05fe5ef5020e43ffc\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Way Ahead<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increased financial support from the government will&nbsp; help PACs improve their capital base. Also Forming partnerships with commercial banks and other financial institutions can help PACs access additional resources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a need for developing a wider range of credit products tailored to the diverse needs of the rural population, such as microloans, crop insurance, and savings products.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Also strengthening internal controls and audit mechanisms is required to detect and prevent fraud and mismanagement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/govt-to-set-up-primary-agricultural-credit-societies-in-around-2-lakh-gram-panchayats-during-next-5-years-union-home-minister-amit-shah\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>AIR<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-988fe934764d5d672afd57d116cfa4d5\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>India-Russia Strategic Relationship<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/International Relations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cb9dfec66108ce9f742f389a74ffcdb1\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prime Minister Modi is on a two-day visit to Russia.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74dcfe960eab395d1b191c8644d93456\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Key Highlights<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India and Russia are working on the <strong>Eastern Maritime Corridor<\/strong> and the two countries were discovering each other through the <strong>Ganga-Volga dialogue.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Eastern Maritime Corridor is a proposed sea route between Chennai, India, and Vladivostok, Russia, passing through the Sea of Japan, the South China Sea, and the Malacca Strait.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India will set up two new consulates in the Russian cities of <strong>Kazan and Yekaterinburg.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cd50df00f595050c463e99496019cf78\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>India- Russia Relations<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Political Relations: <\/strong>A watershed moment in relations between India and the Soviet Union was the signing of the <strong>Treaty of Peace and Friendship <\/strong>in 1971. <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, India and Russia entered into a new <strong>Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in 1993.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 2000, during the visit of President Putin to India, the partnership acquired a new qualitative character, that of a<strong> Strategic Partnership.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In <strong>2010 <\/strong>the relationship was elevated to the status of a <strong>Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Defense and Security Cooperation: <\/strong>BrahMos Missile System as well as the licensed production in India of <strong>SU-30 aircraft and T-90 tanks<\/strong> are examples of such flagship cooperation.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Both sides concluded agreements on the supply of <strong>S-400 air defense systems,<\/strong> construction of frigates under Project 1135.6 and shareholders agreement on the formation of a joint venture to manufacture <strong>Ka-226T <\/strong>helicopters in India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The two countries also hold exchanges and training exercises between their armed forces annually termed<strong> INDRA.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trade and Economic Relations: <\/strong>Both sides revised targets of increasing bilateral investment to US $50 billion and bilateral trade to <strong>US $30 billion by 2025. <\/strong>However, bilateral trade reached an all-time high of $65.70 billion in FY 2023-24.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, India has been buying large amounts of Russian oil at a discount to cushion the inflationary impact of rising crude prices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Intergovernmental Commissions: <\/strong>There is regular high-level interaction between the two countries.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The IRIGC (India-Russia Intergovernmental Commission): <\/strong>It is the main body that conducts affairs at the governmental level between both countries. Both countries are members of international bodies including the UN, BRICS, G20 and SCO.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Two Inter-Governmental Commissions:<\/strong> One on Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Cooperation (IRIGC-TEC), co-chaired by EAM and the Russian DPM, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Another on<strong> Military-Technical Cooperation (IRIGC- MTC)<\/strong> co-chaired by Russian and Indian Defence Ministers, meet annually.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nuclear Energy:<\/strong> Russia recognizes India as a country with advanced nuclear technology with an impeccable non-proliferation record.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP)<\/strong> is being built in India with Russian cooperation.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23d39977e4a1a2e05fe5ef5020e43ffc\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Way Ahead<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Over the years, as India has diversified its relationships in a <strong>multi-polar world<\/strong>, the India-Russia relationship has stagnated in some areas and atrophied in others.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To further strengthen the relationship between Both the nations there is need for;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Providing a new basis for the existing defense cooperation;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The opportunity for Indian business conglomerates to explore the economic viability of the Siberian and Far East Region of Russia;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strengthening geo-economic connectivity projects;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enhancing technological cooperation between India and Russia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/pm-modi-in-moscow-russia-reliable-friend-putin-indian-diaspora-9442072\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11fd8b437b8fcfb4c709f7878367f4a9\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>UNESCO Designates 11 New Biosphere Reserves<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b72ae7c0e9db72158aed50846f069462\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has designated 11 new biosphere reserves, recognising their importance for conserving biodiversity and cultural heritage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77cc44bc807d6354058f2d1b1f5425b9\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>More about the News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The new designations are in Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Gambia, Italy, Mongolia, Philippines, South Korea and Spain.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Additionally, and for the first time, the list includes two transboundary reserves, spanning Belgium and the Netherlands, and Italy and Slovenia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The 11 newly designated biosphere reserves are:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kempen-Broek Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Belgium, Netherlands)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Darien Norte Chocoano Biosphere Reserve (Colombia)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Madre de las Aguas Biosphere Reserve (Dominican Republic)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Niumi Biosphere Reserve (Gambia)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Colli Euganei Biosphere Reserve (Italy)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Julian Alps Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Italy, Slovenia)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khar Us Lake Biosphere Reserve (Mongolia)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apayaos Biosphere Reserve (Philippines)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Changnyeong Biosphere Reserve (South Korea)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Val d\u2019Aran Biosphere Reserve (Spain)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Irati Biosphere Reserve (Spain).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-865134dca5eb133876a317a0d7d7a319\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>What are Biosphere Reserves?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Biosphere reserves are designated under the <strong>intergovernmental MAB Programme<\/strong> by the Director-General of UNESCO following the decisions of the MAB International Coordinating Council (MAB ICC). Their status is internationally recognised.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme,<strong> launched in 1971<\/strong>, is an international scientific initiative that aims to foster a harmonious relationship between humans and their environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They integrate<strong> three main functions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Conservation of biodiversity and cultural diversity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Economic development that is socio-culturally and environmentally sustainable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Logistic support, underpinning development through research, monitoring, education and training.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Biosphere Reserves\u2019 three main zones:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Core Areas:<\/strong> It comprises a strictly protected zone that contributes to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Buffer Zones:<\/strong> It surrounds or adjoins the core area, and is used for activities compatible with sound ecological practices that can reinforce scientific research, monitoring, training and education.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transition Area:<\/strong> It is where communities foster socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable economic and human activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;India has 18 biosphere reserves, 12 of which are recognized under this program, with the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve being the first.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-936e43b816804e34b342879a06f20b90\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Significance of Biosphere Reserve<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Biosphere reserves play an important scientific role, serving as a site for research and monitoring, providing valuable data and insights that can inform environmental management and policy decisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Furthermore, they help in achieving global development targets such as those set by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, inter alia, on protecting and restoring significant portions of the Earth\u2019s ecosystems by 2030.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They also promote unique local sustainable development ideas, safeguard biodiversity, and combat climate change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3d15784a06c4ca5d181eb6fc371973fe\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>\u00a0Regenerative braking and alternative energy recovery methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Science and Tech \/Environment&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b72ae7c0e9db72158aed50846f069462\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently ,applications of Regenerative braking and alternative energy recovery methods have been highlighted&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>What is braking?<\/strong><br><br>&#8211; Braking is the mechanism by which an automotive vehicle in motion slows down.\u00a0<br>a. A vehicle moving faster has more kinetic energy than a vehicle moving slower, so the process of braking removes (mostly) kinetic energy from the vehicle.<br>b. The law of energy conservation means this removed energy has to go somewhere<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3011755243341c4d8e8920cc794fec7f\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Regenerative Braking:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Regenerative braking is a system in electric vehicles that converts kinetic energy from braking into electrical energy, which is stored in batteries or used immediately.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It involves the electric motor functioning as a generator to capture kinetic energy back into the vehicle&#8217;s energy system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mechanism <\/strong>: The electric motor in the vehicle reverses its role during braking, turning mechanical energy from the wheels into electrical energy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This energy is either stored for later use or fed back into the vehicle&#8217;s traction system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Comparison : <\/strong>Regenerative braking is part of dynamic braking, contrasting with rheostatic braking where excess energy is dissipated as heat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7450e1965292ecf95cce617e3f78f12e\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Limitations:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a simple energy recovery mechanism which has some downsides.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It alone cannot fully halt a vehicle and is supplemented by traditional braking systems that dissipates some of the kinetic energy as heat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Efficiency drops at lower speeds, and it does not prevent vehicles from rolling back on inclines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92b49f4119cf5401042e655fe2f349d2\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Solutions&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The design of a regenerative brake depends on the energy form to which the mechanical energy from the wheels is to be converted.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An electric vehicle funnels it into a generator and obtains a current, which is stored in a battery or a supercapacitor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Similarly, the mechanical energy can be used to increase the angular momentum of a rotating flywheel.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flywheels are especially useful because they can receive energy much faster than other such systems.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For every unit increase in speed, they also store exponentially more energy.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The flywheel can be linked to a reciprocating engine to manage or augment its output, like in Formula One racing, or to a gyroscope to help submarines and satellites navigate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recovered kinetic energy can also be fed to a pump that compresses air, which can be useful to start internal combustion engines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/in-an-electric-vehicle-what-is-regenerative-braking-explained\/article68380958.ece#:~:text=Regenerative%20braking%20is%20a%20system,and%20used%20for%20other%20purposes\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TH<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8720528e70c7d087d0e2148527f73339\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Jumping Genes and RNA Bridges<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cb9dfec66108ce9f742f389a74ffcdb1\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Scientists at the Carnegie Institution found that some genes were able to move around within the genome. These genes were called <strong>Jumping genes or transposons.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5f077d3f6cdce2eb40c8488bd933c5c6\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Transposons influence the effects of genes and are called the<strong> tools of evolution, <\/strong>for their ability to rearrange the genome and introduce changes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>More than <strong>45% of the human genome consists of transposable elements<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They create mutations in genes and lead to diseases.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, most of the transposons have themselves inherited mutations and have become inactive, and thus can\u2019t move around within the gnome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9fd9569a734c50be1f879f91b7261b8a\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Jumping genes (Transposons)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The name of the jumping gene is<strong> IS110,<\/strong> which stands for <strong>Insertion Sequence,<\/strong> and such sequences are found in an array of life-forms, including bacteriophages, bacteria, plants, worms, fruit flies, mosquitos, mice, and humans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They roam around the body, cutting and pasting themselves, <strong>repairing DNA and modifying<\/strong> it daily.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19fff32c56ddaed7c83b7d9960696f4c\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>What is Bridge RNA?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bridge RNA<\/strong> refers to a type of RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) molecule that plays a crucial role in the process of <strong>DNA rearrangement in certain organisms.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bridge RNAs act as <strong>molecular bridges between different DNA segments<\/strong> during this intricate process of DNA rearrangement.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8c78d952e80cf7dec17a6cfdee184470\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Significance of Jumping genes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The IS110 bridge recombination system <strong>expands the diversity of nucleic-acid-guided systems<\/strong> beyond <strong>CRISPR and RNA interference.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It offers a unified mechanism for the three fundamental DNA rearrangements \u2014 insertion, excision and inversion \u2014 that are required for genome design.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DNA insertion <\/strong>is a genetic process in which a segment of DNA is added to a different DNA segment,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Excision<\/strong> is a mechanism in which a damaged DNA segment is removed, and<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inversion<\/strong> is a method in which a piece of DNA in a chromosome gets reversed.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With <strong>bridge RNA,<\/strong> researchers can program both the target and the donor sequence of DNA so they can <strong>mix and match any two that they want<\/strong>, whereas the guide RNA in CRISPR-Cas9 systems can specify only the target DNA sequence to be cut, not the one to be added in.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdcgc3_5U8TvHBLWldavkrnm7Qz7scE0tOq4Cz1I3LxjIi27nX9h5oNBJq16YJycF6WpS3wXoSJz4ck1-PJQ3tM-9RfnevBVXvF3SRrQ1-PL03DhaYqks9-ibm8eZM9Dkr4KRBESWH34nO0DnWXKDToeZA?key=SE5JpNUqa9SlGuR1LMughQ\" alt=\" Jumping genes\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>What is DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)?<\/strong><br><br>&#8211; DNA,, is the <strong>hereditary material <\/strong>in humans. It is made up of four building blocks, or bases.\u00a0<br>&#8211; These are called <strong>adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine<\/strong> \u2013 usually shortened to A, C, G and T.<br>&#8211; A DNA molecule is made up of <strong>two long strands of bases<\/strong> that wind around each other into a spiral shape.<br>a. This is called the double helix and looks like a twisted ladder.<br>&#8211; The bases on one strand of the DNA molecule pair with bases on the opposite strand, coming together as a base pair.\u00a0<br>a. Base pairs are complementary and always pair in the same way<strong>: A with T, and C with G.<\/strong><br><br><img decoding=\"async\" height=\"233.0\" width=\"362.0\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcTXIWpMFaBdU9esM62HG2Zo2aNPUIyPaZsJ62OXxkj4UC5JqRgzDizKyATiPTDPPNs7GksgIn2F7wsvvTVvXqxsGX7qnB_vgrOkwA1r8vd8MoAMLAEB-HuNoxLM3Xx800QbUdxsR7fgjKQTkVLdY0Ab80?key=SE5JpNUqa9SlGuR1LMughQ\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/how-jumping-genes-and-rna-bridges-promise-to-shake-up-biomedicine\/article68377718.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a2fc04178786562aa966a1e13f0b0474\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>News In Short<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16b499720f20f808a047503d057c5bfd\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>National Security Council<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Union government has recently restructured the reporting relationships within the <strong>National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS)<\/strong>. This is a significant development as the NSCS plays a crucial role in advising the government on matters of national security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About the National Security Council (NSC)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Established: <\/strong>1998<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Purpose: <\/strong>The NSC is the apex body for considering political, economic, energy, and security issues of strategic concern. It formulates national security policies and advises the Prime Minister on their implementation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Structure:<\/strong> The NSC has a three-tiered structure:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Strategic Policy Group: <\/strong>This group is responsible for long-term strategic planning and policy formulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Security Advisory Board (NSAB): <\/strong>The NSAB provides expert advice on national security matters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NSC Secretariat (NSCS):<\/strong> The NSCS is responsible for coordinating the work of the NSC and its subsidiary bodies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Leadership:<\/strong> The National Security Advisor (NSA) presides over the NSC and is responsible for providing the Prime Minister with independent and objective assessments of national security threats and challenges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Location:<\/strong> The NSC operates within the executive office of the Prime Minister of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agenda: <\/strong>The NSC&#8217;s agenda includes issues of external and internal security, military affairs, conventional and non-conventional defense, and other matters of strategic importance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance of Restructuring the NSCS<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The restructuring of the NSCS is expected to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. It may also strengthen the NSA&#8217;s role in national security decision-making.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1a5a59363cd052c177c3a126f17f0313\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Pangong Lake<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/ Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the satellite images. It is found that China&#8217;s People&#8217;s Liberation Army (PLA) has constructed underground bunkers in the area around Pangong Lake in eastern Ladakh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Pangong Lake<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pangong Tso is a<strong> high-altitude, endorheic (landlocked) <\/strong>lake located in the Himalayas, spanning the disputed India-China border.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Situated at 4,225 meters, and <strong>predominantly saline.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The l<strong>ake&#8217;s water changes colors<\/strong>, appearing blue, green, or even red at different times, depending on sunlight and other factors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pangong Tso is an essential <strong>breeding ground for a wide variety of birds<\/strong>, including several migratory species.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Home to nomadic tribes<\/strong>, Pangong Tso also holds cultural significance, featuring in local folklore.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: TH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66ef747d6e6ca4411e106817987a8571\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Right to Repair Portal<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Centre asked the automobile companies to join the unified <strong>Right to Repair Portal India.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The portal was launched by the Department of Consumer Affairs to empower consumers by providing them with easy access to information on repairing their products, fostering a circular economy, and reducing e-waste.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The portal provides consumers with manuals, repair guides, and videos for various products, enabling them to understand the repair process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It discloses information on the price and warranty of spare parts, allowing consumers to make informed decisions about repairs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The portal initially focuses on key sectors like farming equipment, electronic items, automobile items etc.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6cc4cf852558f2adf796879b6cb6a4fa\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Groynes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Disaster Management<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The irrigation department in Poonthura region, Kerala is set to construct eight groynes to resolve the challenge of coastal erosion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Groynes<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A groyne is a <strong>rigid hydraulic structure<\/strong> built perpendicularly from an ocean shore or a river bank, interrupting water flow and limiting the movement of sediment.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is usually made out of <strong>wood, concrete, or stone.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Advantages&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Groynes are easy to construct. They have long term durability and are low maintenance.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They reduce the need for the beach to be maintained through beach nourishment and the recycling of sand.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/thiruvananthapuram\/irrigation-departments-plan-to-construct-8-groynes-to-curb-coastal-erosion-in-thiruvananthapuram\/articleshow\/1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TOI<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-032b16307559f9c8dd20ad241c67a31f\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>Lebanon-Israel \u2018Blue Line\u2019 Frontier<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ International Relations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The UN voiced deep concern at the increase in the intensity of exchanges of fire across the Blue Line, which separates Lebanese and Israeli armed forces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Blue Line is a demarcation line dividing Lebanon from Israel and the Golan Heights.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was marked by the <strong>United Nations in 2000<\/strong> for the purposes of determining whether Israel had fully withdrawn from Lebanon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/un-express-grave-concerns-about-intensified-clashes-along-lebanon-israel-frontier\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>AIR<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0b5b5a0a7510ebb27aedf7e23fbdde91\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><strong>\u2018Naavu Manujaru\u2019 Programme<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 2\/Governance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Karnataka government will start \u2018Naavu Manujaru\u2019 programme in schools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About&nbsp; \u2018Naavu Manujaru\u2019 programme<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is ordered to begin from the current academic year across all government, aided, and unaided primary and high schools.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It involves two hours of weekly discussions and dialogues (three periods of 40 minutes each).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will cover discussions on social harmony, significance of local and national festivals, folk games, and sports.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will also focus on exploration of thoughts of social reformers, visits to local landmarks, and discussions on nuclear families, inequality elimination, and constitutional values like equality, liberty, and fraternity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>District-level nodal officers appointed to oversee implementation and provide guidance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Objectives : <\/strong>It is aimed at transforming all educational institutions into centers promoting social harmony, tolerance, and scientific temper.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is Introduced to instill values enshrined in the Constitution among students.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source:TH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/DCA_09-07-2024.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to the recently released Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26434"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26474,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26434\/revisions\/26474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}