{"id":23148,"date":"2024-03-28T18:35:32","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T13:05:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=23148"},"modified":"2024-03-28T19:06:58","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T13:36:58","slug":"social-protection-architecture-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/editorial-analysis\/28-03-2024\/social-protection-architecture-in-india","title":{"rendered":"Social Protection Architecture in India\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 2\/Governance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0dab4a35479cb7a88ac0f778de143bb9\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to the ILO\u2019s World Social Protection Report, 2022, India spends too little on social protection.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social security is a human right, according to the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. The ILO\u2019s Recommendation of 2012 has called for all nations to institute a \u201csocial protection floor\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c5a9bc603ac6bc2d9d6805010fb0788b\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Social Security<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is the protection that a society provides to individuals and households to ensure access to<strong> health care <\/strong>and to<strong> guarantee income security,<\/strong> <strong>particularly in cases of old age,<\/strong> <strong>unemployment<\/strong>, <strong>sickness<\/strong>, <strong>invalidity<\/strong>, <strong>work injury<\/strong>, <strong>maternity or loss of a breadwinner.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social security is a human right, according to the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The ILO\u2019s Recommendation of 2012 has called for all nations to institute a \u201csocial protection floor\u201d.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77e5d37a3dd546681465c0e561a13413\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Importance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Social security has a powerful impact at all levels of society.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;It provides workers and their families with a<strong>ccess to health car<\/strong>e and with <strong>protection against loss of income, <\/strong>whether it is for short periods of unemployment or sickness or maternity or for a longer time due to invalidity or employment injury.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It provides older people with <strong>income security<\/strong> in their retirement years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<strong>Children <\/strong>benefit from social security programmes designed to help their families cope with the<strong> cost of education<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For employers and enterprises, social security helps<strong> maintain stable labour relations <\/strong>and a productive workforce.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social security can contribute to <strong>social cohesion and to a country\u2019s overall growth and developmen<\/strong>t by bolstering living standards, cushioning the effects of structural and technological change on people and thereby providing the basis for a more positive approach toward globalisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d8db54585e6a99f3b11b8ac53ca85f53\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Social Security Welfare Schemes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-Dhan Yojana (PM-SYM) (Old Age Protection) &nbsp; :<\/strong>Voluntary and contributory pension schemes\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Under this schemes, 50% monthly contribution is payable by the beneficiary and equal matching contribution is paid by the Central Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY): <\/strong>Those living in scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Families with no male members aged 16 to 59 years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beggars and those surviving on alms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Health coverage of Rs. 5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization free of cost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana \u2013 Gramin (PMAY-G): <\/strong>the Ministry of Rural Development is implementing PMAY-G with effect from 1st April 2016 to provide assistance to eligible rural households with an overall target to construct 2.95 crore pucca houses with basic amenities by March, 2024.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Assistance provided to the Beneficiary to the tune of 1.2 Lakhs in plain areas and 1.3 Lakhs in Hilly Areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PDS<\/strong>: 35 kg of rice or wheat every month, while a household above the poverty line is entitled to 15 kg of food grain on a monthly basis.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Being implemented as ONORC to enable migrant workers to receive the food grains wherever they are working.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Atal Pension Yojana : <\/strong>The contributor on his choice, can attain a pension of 1000-5000 rupees, or he can also get an accumulated sum of the pension after his death.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) : <\/strong>The risk coverage under the scheme is Rs. 2 lakh for accidental death and full disability and Rs. 1 lakh for partial disability. Premium @ 20\/- year<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana (PMJJBY) : <\/strong>Rs.2 lakh on death due to any cause Premium @ Rs.436\/- year<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Women have come to occupy centrestage in the emerging social protection architecture.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;Schemes covering education expenses, free public transport, subsidised LPG, and cash transfers have been floated.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Centre made a beginning by launching the <strong>Ujjwala scheme<\/strong> in 2016, providing subsidised LPG gas cylinders to poor women.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mahatma Gandhi NREGA: <\/strong>Government of India has allocated Rs.60, 000 crore in Budget Estimate 2023-24 under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently the Government notified new wage rates for unskilled manual workers under MGNREGA for the financial year 2024-2025, with Goa seeing the maximum hike of 10.56% over the current wage rate, and Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand recording the lowest raise of 3.04% each.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d8bd84c424ae563b80d7b128754b4309\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Issues and Concerns&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to the ILO\u2019s World Social Protection Report, 2022, India spends too little on social protection.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India\u2019s policymakers have largely ignored social security. While policies are often announced,<strong> budgetary allocation<\/strong> has <strong>always been limited and utilisation<\/strong> even less so.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approximately 91% (or around 475 million) of India\u2019s workforce works in the informal sector.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It lacks access to social security.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In two decades, India will be an ageing society \u2014 for such workers with limited savings, there will be no significant social protection.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While the <strong>Code on Social Security (2020)<\/strong> merged existing social security legislation, it dealt fundamentally with formal enterprises and did not cover informal ones.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It&nbsp; remains unimplemented even today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>existing social security framework for unorganised<\/strong> workers has become complex, with <strong>overlapping areas of authority between the State and Centre<\/strong>, and confusing definitions being used such as between a platform worker, an unorganised worker and someone who is self-employed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The lockdown to slow the spread of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has inflicted a heavy cost on India\u2019s poor.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bb65be90b9abdccdafed38ff0500a5ea\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Suggestions and Way Forward&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India should aspire to<strong> provide social security<\/strong> to all of its workforce, in a manner that is<strong> fiscally and administratively feasibl<\/strong>e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Greater support is required for<strong> financing social security <\/strong>for the majority of India\u2019s labour force, moving beyond construction and gig workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Special attention<\/strong> is required for domestic workers (usually female), who are never sure when their employment may be terminated.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Migrant workers often face discrimination and suspicion from authorities in their working area so coverage of social services such as child care can be expanded.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We need a more significant push to <strong>raise awareness about social security<\/strong> to ensure that more workers are aware of the available benefits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The time has come for India to consolidate its existing social security schemes\/ad hoc measures and provide universal social security to its entire labour workforce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Mains Practice Question\u00a0<\/strong><br><strong>[Q] <\/strong>Discuss the Social Security Measures in India and Related Challenges . Do higher levels of social spending necessarily lead to a lower level of poverty?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Daily-Editorial-Analysis-28-03-2024.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syllabus :GS 2\/Governance&nbsp; In Context Social Security Importance&nbsp; Social Security Welfare Schemes Issues and Concerns&nbsp; Suggestions and Way Forward&nbsp; Mains Practice Question\u00a0[Q] Discuss the Social Security Measures in India and Related Challenges . Do higher levels of social spending necessarily lead to a lower level of poverty?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-editorial-analysis"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23148"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23157,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23148\/revisions\/23157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}