{"id":22440,"date":"2024-03-09T19:35:55","date_gmt":"2024-03-09T14:05:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=22440"},"modified":"2024-03-21T16:22:49","modified_gmt":"2024-03-21T10:52:49","slug":"daily-current-affairs-09-03-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/09-03-2024\/daily-current-affairs-09-03-2024","title":{"rendered":"Daily Current Affairs 09-03-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-422c19852c49327f2faaf8fb8dffb012\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Anthropocene<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Physical Geography; Important Geophysical Phenomena<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently, a committee of scientists voted down a proposal to declare the start of the <strong>Anthropocene (or the Human Epoch)<\/strong> in geologic time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>The Earth\u2019s Geologic Time Scale:<\/strong><br><br>&#8211; The geologic time scale provides the official framework for our understanding of <strong>Earth\u2019s 4.5 billion-year history.<\/strong><br><br>&#8211; Geoscientists use the <strong>Geologic Time Scale (GTS)<\/strong> to measure the history of the planet. The GTS (since the formation of Earth, roughly 4.54 billion years ago) is divided, in descending order of duration, into <strong>Eons, Eras, Periods, Epochs and Ages<\/strong>.<br>1. For example, we currently live in the <strong>Meghalayan Age.<\/strong> It\u2019s part of the <strong>Holocene Epoch,<\/strong> which began at the end of the last ice age 11,700 years ago, when ice caps and glaciers began retreating.<br><br>&#8211; The <strong>Holocene is part of the Quaternary Period<\/strong>, the most recent division of the <strong>Cenozoic Era<\/strong>, which in turn is part of <strong>Phanerozoic Eon<\/strong> \u2014 which spans from 539 million years ago to the present.<br><br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/SexDXJxZ5Dnv0mAHzYUfVAgou4oVCyHNcQMddbU0P8BDNrvyVyjze1dltC_-cSH5w92MF60ktkdMmNrvGj-bvCAAVseI1LFJvllij-pGxMKRfvoE029L1gmgxZRaAXTbDcZl8yonfaRWfgV6qATw5vw\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Anthropocene Epoch<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was <strong>coined in 2000<\/strong> by scientists <strong>Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer,<\/strong> and is <strong>proposed as a new geological epoch<\/strong> to reflect the significant alterations to the planet caused by human activities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The term is derived from the <strong>Greek words \u2018anthropo\u2019<\/strong> meaning <strong>\u2018human\u2019 <\/strong>and <strong>\u2018-cene&#8217;<\/strong> used in names of<strong> geological epochs.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Proposed \u2018Human Epoch\u2019<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Holocene epoch began some 11,700 years ago, at the end of the <strong>Last Glacial Period (LGP).<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>During the LGP, up to 25% of the Earth\u2019s land surface was covered by glaciers, the mean sea level was up to 400 feet lower, and the average temperature fell to 8\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It saw the warming of the Earth, which closely corresponded with the <strong>rise and proliferation of human beings.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>While Homo sapiens as a species had evolved well before the Holocene began, all of humanity\u2019s recorded history falls in this epoch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>effects of human activities on Earth<\/strong> can be seen in biodiversity loss, climate change, and other significant changes to Earth\u2019s geology, landscape, limnology, ecosystems, and climate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The recent <strong>proposal <\/strong>was aimed to establish the Anthropocene as a distinct epoch in geologic time, marking a transformative period for Earth as a result of human activity.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is argued that evidence of human activity is unmissable and possibly indelible, from the peak of Mount Everest to the depths of the Mariana Trench.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Debate Over the Start of the Anthropocene<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Various start dates for the Anthropocene have been proposed, ranging from the beginning of the <strong>Neolithic Revolution (12,000\u201315,000 years ago)<\/strong>, to as recently as the 1960s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some proponents of naming a new epoch suggest the <strong>Industrial Revolution<\/strong>, when humans started burning fossil fuels and emitting greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, marked the Anthropocene\u2019s beginnings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Others argue it started in the 1950s when<strong> humanity\u2019s impact on the planet<\/strong> began to surge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is the Controversy?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The former head of the <strong>Anthropocene Working Group<\/strong> and current chair of the <strong>Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy<\/strong>, has demanded the result of the vote be disregarded due to<strong> \u2018serious violations\u2019 <\/strong>of the statutes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS)<\/strong> voted 12 to 4 against the proposal, with two abstentions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)<\/strong> committee determined that adding an Anthropocene epoch \u2014 and<strong> terminating the Holocene<\/strong> \u2014 was not supported by the standards used to define epochs according to chronostratigraphy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Vote Against the Anthropocene<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Despite the widespread use of the term, the <strong>IUGS<\/strong> has not officially recognized the Anthropocene as a new geological epoch, and<strong> terminating the Holocene<\/strong> \u2014 was <strong>not supported by the standards<\/strong> used to define epochs according to chronostratigraphy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The committee determined that adding an Anthropocene epoch \u2014 and terminating the Holocene \u2014 was not supported by the standards used to define epochs according to chronostratigraphy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Implications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Despite the down vote, the concept of the Anthropocene as a transformative time for Earth as a result of human activity remains relevant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Anthropocene concept has already been established in popular culture and is even being used as a warning flag by environmental organisations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The debate over the Anthropocene highlights the complexities involved in defining geological epochs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While the proposal to declare the start of the Anthropocene was voted down, the concept continues to hold relevance in discussions about human impact on the planet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-sci-tech\/scientists-voted-down-proposal-anthropocene-9201316\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Source: IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29390ce64a0cb0a8e938c0db2cce465f\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>IndiaAI Mission<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Union Cabinet approved the <strong>IndiaAI Mission<\/strong> for the <strong>next five years.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Mission will be implemented by <strong>\u2018IndiaAI<\/strong>\u2019 Independent Business Division (IBD) under <strong>Digital India Corporation (DIC).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The IndiaAI mission will establish a <strong>comprehensive ecosystem<\/strong> catalyzing AI innovation through <strong>strategic programs and partnerships<\/strong> across the p<strong>ublic and private sectors.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Features of IndiaAI Mission<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IndiaAI Compute Capacity:<\/strong> The ecosystem will <strong>comprise AI compute infrastructure of 10,000 <\/strong>or more <strong>Graphics Processing Units (GPUs),<\/strong> built through public-private partnership.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Further, an <strong>AI marketplace<\/strong> will be designed to offer AI as a service and pre-trained models to AI innovators.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will act as a <strong>one-stop solution <\/strong>for resources critical for AI innovation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IndiaAI Innovation Centre: <\/strong>It will undertake the development and deployment of<strong> indigenous Large Multimodal Models (LMMs)<\/strong> and domain-specific foundational models in critical sectors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IndiaAI Datasets Platform<\/strong>: The Platform will streamline access to quality non-personal datasets for AI Innovation.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A unified data platform will be developed to provide a one-stop solution for seamless access to non-personal datasets to Indian Startups and Researchers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IndiaAI Application Development Initiative<\/strong>: The initiative will focus on developing\/scaling\/promoting adoption of <strong>impactful AI solutions<\/strong> with potential for catalyzing <strong>large scale socio-economic transformation.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IndiaAI FutureSkills<\/strong>: It is conceptualized <strong>to mitigate barriers to entry into AI programs <\/strong>and will <strong>increase AI courses<\/strong> in undergraduate, masters-level, and Ph.D. programs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IndiaAI Startup Financing:<\/strong> It is conceptualized to s<strong>upport and accelerate deep-tech AI startups<\/strong> and provide them streamlined access to funding to enable futuristic AI Projects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Safe &amp; Trusted AI<\/strong>: The Safe &amp; Trusted AI pillar will enable the <strong>implementation of Responsible AI projects<\/strong> including the development of indigenous tools and frameworks, self-assessment checklists for innovators, and other guidelines and governance frameworks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The approved IndiaAI Mission will <strong>propel innovation and build domestic capacities<\/strong> to ensure the <strong>tech sovereignty of India.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will also create <strong>highly skilled employment opportunities<\/strong> to harness the demographic dividend of the country.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will drive responsible, inclusive growth of India\u2019s AI ecosystem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IndiaAI Mission will help India demonstrate to the world how this <strong>transformative technology<\/strong> can be used for<strong> social good and enhance its global competitiveness.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-sci-tech\/india-ai-mission-union-cabinet-9202641\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1f5d81f5321a715803e745e3110fb875\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Aadhaar Seeding with voter ID<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Governance &amp; Polity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently a writ petition in the Supreme Court was filed against <strong>offering only two choices during the Electoral process: either provide the Aadhaar number<\/strong> or <strong>declare that<\/strong> individual doesn&#8217;t have an Aadhaar number.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Election Commission had proposed to the Government <strong>to amend the Representation of the People Act, 1950 <\/strong>to remove the requirement of a <strong>\u201csufficient cause\u201d for not providing Aadhaar.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opting for the declaration potentially meant that electors <strong>who did not want to give their Aadhaar details<\/strong> would <strong>have to make a false declaration<\/strong> of not having an Aadhaar card, which is an<strong> offence punishable under the RP Act, 1950.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Aadhaar?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aadhaar is a <strong>12-digit unique-identity number<\/strong> issued to all Indian residents based on their <strong>biometric and demographic data.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The data is collected by the<strong> Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI),<\/strong> is a <strong>statutory authority<\/strong> established in <strong>2016.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Concerns<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Data Security:<\/strong> There have been instances of data breaches and reports of Aadhaar details being leaked or misused, raising questions about the safeguard of the sensitive information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inclusion Errors:<\/strong> There have been cases of exclusion from government services due to errors in Aadhaar data or authentication failures.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mandatory Usage: <\/strong>Aadhaar has been made mandatory for various services and schemes, which some view as an infringement on individual privacy rights.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Linkage with Other Databases: <\/strong>Aadhaar is often linked with other databases and services, raising concerns about the aggregation of personal data and the potential for misuse or unauthorized access.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Aadhaar in the Light of Right to Privacy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>In 2017,<\/strong> the Supreme Court delivered a historic judgment in the case of<strong> Justice K.S. Puttaswamy vs Union of India,<\/strong> affirming that the<strong> right to privacy <\/strong>is indeed a <strong>fundamental right under the Article 21 of the Constitution<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This judgment laid down the foundation for <strong>assessing the constitutionality of Aadhaar in light of privacy concerns.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Following the Supreme Court&#8217;s ruling, there was <strong>increased scrutiny<\/strong> of the <strong>Aadhaar project&#8217;s compliance with privacy principles.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Supreme Court, in its subsequent judgments, imposed <strong>limitations on the mandatory use of Aadhaar<\/strong> for various services.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The court emphasized the<strong> importance of protecting biometric data, <\/strong>stating that any unauthorized use or storage of biometric information would<strong> violate privacy rights.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While the government initially pushed for Aadhaar to be mandatory for numerous services, the Supreme Court reaffirmed that <strong>Aadhaar enrollment must be voluntary.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Way Ahead<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Despite these concerns, Aadhaar has helped in <strong>streamlining government services,<\/strong> <strong>reducing corruption, and promoting financial inclusion.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, <strong>addressing privacy and security issues <\/strong>remains crucial to ensure that Aadhaar is used responsibly and respects individuals&#8217; rights to privacy and data protection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/aadhaar-seeding-with-voter-id-ec-wants-law-amended-to-clarify-its-voluntary-9199967\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a2fc04178786562aa966a1e13f0b0474\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>News In Short<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a8147492843dc18244fe69079d22916d\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>INS Jatayu base<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Defence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indian Navy has established <strong>INS Jatayu<\/strong> <strong>base<\/strong> on Minicoy Island in Lakshadweep.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This is the <strong>second naval base<\/strong> in Lakshadweep, following <strong>INS Dweeprakshak in Kavaratti<\/strong> which was commissioned in <strong>2012.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The base will have Radars, airfield, and BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The upgrade is part of a long-term capability development plan which will shore up <strong>India\u2019s security footprint in the islands.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This is especially significant as the <strong>Chinese naval footprint, <\/strong>which includes \u2018research vessels\u2019, has seen massive expansion in the Indian Ocean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lakshadweep<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lakshadweep, India\u2019s <strong>smallest Union Territory<\/strong>, is an archipelago consisting of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It comprises 12 atolls, three reefs, five submerged banks and 10 inhabited islands. All Islands are 220 to 440 km away from the coastal city of Kochi in Kerala.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5717e21a60be91818ad2dcd33bb50d3c\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>National Creators Awards<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: Miscellaneous<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prime Minister Modi presented the <strong>first ever National Creators Award<\/strong> at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The National Creators Award is an effort to recognize excellence and impact across different domains.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The award is envisioned as a <strong>launch pad for using creativity<\/strong> to drive positive change.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The award will be provided across twenty categories including the Best Storyteller Award; The Disruptor of the Year; Green Champion Award; Best Creator For Social Change; Best Travel Creator Award; Swachhta Ambassador Award; etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/pm-modi-presents-first-ever-national-creators-awards\/article67928018.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0891793cc8d2490b14ba1e29621c33a4\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Pritzker Architecture Prize<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: Miscellaneous<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Japanese architect <strong>Riken Yamamoto<\/strong> was declared winner of the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Pritzker Architecture Prize is the highest international honor for architects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Prize was founded in <strong>1979 <\/strong>by <strong>Jay A. Pritzker, <\/strong>funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Pritzker and Japan:<\/strong> Architects from Japan have won the largest number of Pritzkers.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kenzo Tange<\/strong> was the first Japanese winner in 1987, and <strong>Yamamoto<\/strong> is the ninth laureate from Japan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The only Indian<\/strong> laureate is the late <strong>Balkrishna Doshi (2018).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/the-work-of-pritzker-laureate-riken-yamamoto-a-mission-to-defeat-isolation-9201983\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2f9e9d5f6e254609542623a8eac0368d\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Measles and Rubella Champion Award<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India received the <strong>Measles and Rubella Champion Award<\/strong> for its exemplary efforts in combating these Diseases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Awarded by: <\/strong>Measles and Rubella Partnership at the American Red Cross Headquarters in Washington D.C., USA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Measles and Rubella are <strong>vaccine preventable diseases <\/strong>(VPDs) and MR Vaccine is part of India\u2019s <strong>Universal Immunization Programme<\/strong> since <strong>2017.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Measles : <\/strong>It is caused by a <strong>single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus<\/strong> with 1 serotype.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Symptoms include a high fever, cough, runny nose and a rash all over the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rubella: <\/strong>It is also known as <strong>German measles<\/strong> or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the <strong>rubella virus<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Symptoms include fever, red rash blotchy and swollen lymph glands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2012663\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1a8fdf537618a9503871f6245ef988bc\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Uttar Poorva Transformative Industrialization Scheme<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Union Cabinet approved the Uttar Poorva Transformative Industrialization Scheme, 2024 (UNNATI \u2013 2024).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Government of India has formulated New Industrial Development Scheme, UNNATI as a Central Sector Scheme for the development of Industries and generation of employment in the states of North East Region.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Salient Features of the Scheme<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Scheme period:<\/strong> The scheme will be effective from the date of Notification and up to 2034 along with 8 years of committed liabilities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Districts are categorized in two zones: <\/strong>Zone A (Industrially Advanced Districts) &amp; Zone B (Industrially Backward Districts).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Earmarking of funds:<\/strong> 60% of the outlay of Part A has been earmarked to 8 NE states and 40% on First-In-First-Out (FIFO) basis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2012362\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ff5ece1da05cc11948e49900b25f685b\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Kaziranga National Park<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prime Minister Modi will visit Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kaziranga National Park<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Location:<\/strong> Golaghat, Karbi Anglong and Nagaon districts of the state of Assam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was declared a <strong>Wildlife Sanctuary in 1950 <\/strong>and notified as Kaziranga National Park in 1974 under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, of 1972. It was also recognized as a <strong>UNESCO World Heritage<\/strong> Site in <strong>1985.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Park is the abode of more than <strong>70% <\/strong>of <strong>One Horned Rhinoceros<\/strong> in the world.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The One-horned Rhino<\/strong> is listed under the <strong>Schedule I<\/strong> of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and&nbsp; <strong>vulnerable <\/strong>in the IUCN Red List.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TOI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3c76911826426c8402451895e91fa623\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>V-SAT Station in Tribal Villages of India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections; GS3\/Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently, the <strong>Ministry of Tribal Affairs<\/strong> planned to collaborate with ISRO to deploy <strong>V-SAT stations on a pilot basis<\/strong> for around 80 tribal villages in Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Maharashtra to bring Internet services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About the Very Small Aperture Terminal (V-SAT) Station<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a<strong> two-way satellite ground station<\/strong> with a dish antenna that is used <strong>to transmit narrowband data or broadband data<\/strong> for the provision of satellite Internet access to remote locations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can be used in place of a large physical network as<strong> it bounces the signal from satellites<\/strong> instead of being transported through physical means like an ethernet connection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/DQA5paFd21zeNLr5Pn2cX6huC2YFHcNLXAsz2eqg0O5mq_Cp2bpsoHJIIYLqviJi3sCSbRd3Rgv5cctGqunJsrZZ-hmvTYzXv_lsyfAvNoJcjJmoJv6phwecJ9okxcvtJNz3iddmPzzoUh6U2jSkoAo\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It aims to bring connectivity to geographically remote villages with difficult terrain, and have the potential to significantly address <strong>connectivity challenges in remote areas<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a significant step towards achieving <strong>digital inclusivity.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can provide services such as <strong>Internet, medical, and educational connectivity<\/strong>, and to help with<strong> e-governance<\/strong> in these remote areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Concerns<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Because the <strong>signal needs to bounce<\/strong>, there can be <strong>a latency issue<\/strong> that wouldn&#8217;t exist with a physical network.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It takes time for information to reach the dish and the station due to one part of the system being way up in geosynchronous orbit above the earth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The signal quality can be <strong>affected by the weather<\/strong> and other environmental conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/tribal-affairs-ministry-isro-to-collaborate-on-use-of-v-sat-centres-for-internet-in-80-tribal-villages-in-pilot-project\/article67925500.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-768678e550cc44119e6e325a67a71f64\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Penicillin G<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Health Sectors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently, the Union Health Minister announced to restart Penicillin G manufacturing in India, which was stopped in the 90s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is an <strong>Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)<\/strong> used in several common <strong>antibiotics <\/strong>such as <em>pneumonia, meningitis, gonorrhoea, syphilis, etc.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a <strong>narrow spectrum antibiotic<\/strong> used for treatment of several serious <strong>bacterial infections<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a <strong>natural penicillin antibiotic<\/strong> that is administered <strong>intravenously or intramuscularly<\/strong> due to poor oral absorption.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>However, the production of Penicillin G in India was <strong>halted in the 1990s <\/strong>due to the influx of cheaper alternatives from China that Indian manufacturers could not compete with.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Revival of Penicillin G<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>After a 30-year break, <strong>India\u2019s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme<\/strong>, which was launched to promote domestic manufacturing, gave incentives to companies on incremental sales.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a significant step towards<strong> self-reliance<\/strong> in the pharmaceutical sector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-health\/india-to-restart-penicillin-g-manufacture-why-it-stopped-9199850\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e9e6797bd3cea999f64b055f8f78541e\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Haiper<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Developments in Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recently, <strong>Haiper \u2014 a company<\/strong> founded by former members of Google DeepMind, TikTok, and top labs from research academia, introduced a new <strong>text-to-video model.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The announcement came just weeks after the launch of <strong>OpenAI\u2019s AI model Sora,<\/strong> which is capable of <strong>generating one-minute high-definition videos from text months.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Haiper\u2019s model<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to Haiper, its model is a <strong>powerful perceptual foundation model-driven AI that has been designed for a \u201cnew path towards AGI\u201d<\/strong> (artificial general intelligence, an AI software with human-like intelligence and the ability to self-learn).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Haiper is an <strong>all-in-one visual foundation model<\/strong> that allows everyone, with or without technical training, to generate high-quality video content with ease.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The founders claim that Haiper brings forward <strong>cutting-edge machine learning<\/strong> with the belief that creativity should be \u201cfun, surprising, and shareable\u201d.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Haiper offers tools such as <strong>text-to-video, animated static images, video repainting tools, etc.&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Users can go on to the website, log in with their email addresses, and start generating videos for free by typing in text prompts.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>While the <strong>short length (only 2 seconds at present) is a limitation ,<\/strong> the company has said that it is working towards extending the video outputs.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While <strong>OpenAI\u2019s Sora is still not available for the public, Haiper is offering users to try its tool for free<\/strong> on its website.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-sci-tech\/haiper-text-to-video-model-9200839\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-84ebfad8ae2838345f1d336f9fa069ed\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>INS Kolkata<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Defence and Security<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Indian Naval destroyer INS Kolkata<\/strong> responded to two instances of missile\/drone attacks on merchant vessels in the last few days.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>INS Kolkata<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>INS Kolkata is the lead ship of the <strong>Kolkata-class stealth guided-missile destroyers<\/strong>, a significant addition to the Indian Navy&#8217;s arsenal.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Origin and Design<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kolkata class destroyers are follow-on of the legendary <strong>Project 15 \u2018Delhi\u2019 class destroyers<\/strong> which entered service in the late 1990s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conceived and designed by <strong>Indian Navy\u2019s Directorate of Naval Design,<\/strong> the ships have been christened after major port cities of India viz. <strong>Kolkata, Kochi and Chennai.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Commissioned into service:<\/strong> in 2014, marking a milestone in indigenous Indian warship construction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Features<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The ship <strong>measures 164 meters in length and approximately 18 meters in width<\/strong> and has a full load displacement of <strong>7400 tonnes.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The ship has a <strong>Combined Gas and Gas(COGAG) propulsion system, <\/strong>consisting of four powerful reversible gas turbines and can attain speeds in excess of <strong>30 knots.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The ship\u2019s electric power is provided by four gas turbine generators and one diesel alternator, which together produce <strong>4.5 Megawatts of electrical power<\/strong>, enough to light up a smalltown.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The ship has a complement of <strong>30 officers and 300 sailors.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Gulf of Aden<\/strong><br><br>&#8211; The Gulf of Aden is a <strong>deepwater gulf of the Indian Ocean<\/strong> located between:<br>1. Yemen to the north<br>2. Somalia to the south<br>3. Arabian Peninsula to the west<br>4. Socotra Island (Yemen) in Arabian Sea to the east<br><br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"281\" height=\"265\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/o5OdGvwfe7AfF7ensTn_lJOAi7kabC22b9uUtI0G2ddlzqSHWv4z8K_UKvEeKEvOrQZECoGO6zrLBoqnqDbtz0qfGnK3mKRe5hoBkqLlti4KkNdUN_AybEtx1v_Vtjr_DP-b-UtnGOI80fExRE0D_lw\"><br><strong>Strategic Significance:<\/strong><br><br>&#8211; Vital shipping lane for global trade, particularly for oil transportation from the Persian Gulf.<br>&#8211; Important for international commerce as it links Asia, Africa, and Europe.<br>&#8211; Home to several major ports, including Aden (Yemen), Djibouti City (Djibouti), and Berbera (Somalia).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/ins-kolkata-assists-two-merchant-vessels-hit-in-gulf-of-aden\/article67924821.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1029b29570328137095a8dfef576f8b2\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Right to Repair Portal&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: Prelims\/Current Events of national importance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Department of Consumer Affairs of India <\/strong>(DoCA) has recently launched the <strong>Right to Repair Portal India<\/strong> on the occasion of <strong>National Consumer Rights Day 2022.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About the Right to Repair Portal<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Aim<\/strong>: To provide consumers with access to repair information for their products and reduce e-waste.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vision<\/strong>: The website provides information about the <strong>circular economy<\/strong>, which is the new economic model that focuses on <strong>repairing and reusing products<\/strong>, as opposed to throwing them away.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This shift is in line with the government\u2019s vision of <strong>creating a circular economy by promoting mindful and deliberate utilisation of products<\/strong> instead of mindless and wasteful consumption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key objectives:&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Right to Repair Portal India <strong>brings together information from different sectors <\/strong>including automobiles, consumer durables, mobile and electronics, and farming equipment.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It provides consumers with <strong>access to product manuals and repair videos<\/strong>, as well as information on the price and warranty of spare parts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The portal also <strong>allows consumers to submit feedback and suggestions<\/strong> on products and services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role<\/strong>: The website is expected to play a key role in <strong>enabling consumers to make informed decisions <\/strong>about the purchase and maintenance of their products, and to promote a circular economy model.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theprint.in\/india\/govt-launches-right-to-repair-portal-to-promote-circular-economy-reduce-e-waste\/1993903\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TP<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-929534e93e7082e1a896c7c151c60828\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>National Archives of India Foundation Day &amp; Subhash Abhinandan<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: Prelims\/Current Events of national importance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>National Archives of India<\/strong> is celebrating its <strong>134th Foundation Day<\/strong>. On this occasion, a digital exhibition <strong>\u201cSubhash Abhinandan &#8221;, based on the life of Subhash Chandra Bos<\/strong>e is being organized.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose&#8217;s personal records are preserved in the <strong>National Archives of India<\/strong> and can be accessed on <strong>Netaji Portal<\/strong> and <strong>Abhilekh-Patal<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In these records, <strong>letters written by him, diary of his father Shri Janaki Nath Bose, documents of Azad Hind Fauj<\/strong> and many government documents related to him are available.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Digital exhibition \u201cSubhash Abhinandan&#8221;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The exhibition comprises <strong>16 sections <\/strong>covering the period from his birth to the present time.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The decades of <strong>struggle from 1920 to 1940<\/strong> are well documented, offering insights into his speeches, his adventurous journey and the struggle of<strong> Azad Hind Fauj.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Additionally, the exhibition <strong>addresses the award and deferral of the Bharat Ratna<\/strong> and the efforts made by the Ministry of Culture to honor Netaji. This exhibition offers a unique experience and is also available in <strong>virtual reality.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The National Archives of India<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Parent body: <\/strong>The National Archives of India is an <strong>attached Office under the Ministry of Culture.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Established on:<\/strong> 11 March 1891 at Kolkata (Calcutta) as the <strong>Imperial Record Department<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transfer<\/strong>: Following the <strong>transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, <\/strong>the present building of the National Archives of India was constructed<strong> in 1926<\/strong> which was designed by <strong>Sir Edwin Lutyens.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The transfer of all records from Calcutta to New Delhi was completed in 1937.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role: <\/strong>The National Archives of India is also the nodal agency for the implementation of the <strong>Public Records Act, 1993 and Public Record Rules, 1997.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Repository<\/strong>: National Archives of India has at present in its repositories a collection of over <strong>34.00 cr. pages of Public Records,<\/strong> which include files, volumes, maps, bills assented to by the President of India, treaties, rare manuscripts, oriental records, private papers, etc.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A major chunk of Oriental records is in <strong>Sanskrit, Persian and Odia.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2012627\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87eb1ad8c0701d9dd964ecf72deea4ed\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><strong>Shankaracharya Hill<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: Prelims\/Current Events of national importance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prime Minister of India recently paid obeisance to <strong>Shankaracharya Hill <\/strong>during his visit to<strong> Jammu and Kashmir.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Shankaracharya Hills<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>ancient Shankaracharya Temple<\/strong>, constructed with <strong>grey stones<\/strong>, stands on <strong>Shankaracharya Hill<\/strong>, on the <strong>Zabarwan Range <\/strong>in Srinagar, <strong>Jammu and Kashmir.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Initially known as <strong>Takht-i-Sulaiman,<\/strong> which means Throne of Solomon, it was later renamed after a saint who preached enlightenment here in <strong>AD 750.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The temple, dedicated to <strong>Lord Shiva<\/strong>, is situated at a height of <strong>1000 feet<\/strong> and can be reached in 10-15 minutes via stairs.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This ancient temple holds significance as the place where the <strong>renowned seer Adi Shakaracharya attained enlightenment.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/india\/pm-modi-shares-visuals-of-shankaracharya-hill-what-is-the-history-why-are-the-hills-considered-important-here-are-details\/articleshow\/108291512.cms?from=mdr\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>ET<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-75 is-style-round\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/DCA_09-03-2024.pdf\" style=\"border-radius:20px\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recently, a committee of scientists voted down a proposal to declare the start of the Anthropocene (or the Human Epoch) in geologic time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22440"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22852,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22440\/revisions\/22852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}