{"id":17295,"date":"2023-09-18T17:15:38","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T11:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/current_affairs\/?p=17295"},"modified":"2023-09-18T17:15:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T11:45:41","slug":"hyderabad-liberation-day-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/18-09-2023\/hyderabad-liberation-day-2","title":{"rendered":"Hyderabad Liberation Day"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Post India Independence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Context<\/span>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>September 17, 2023 marks the <strong>75th anniversary<\/strong> of the accession of Hyderabad (a princely state) into the Indian Union.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Background<\/span>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hyderabad<\/strong>, in 1947, the largest of the Princely States, comprising present-day <strong>Telangana and parts of Karnataka and Maharashtra.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>seventh Nizam<\/strong> Mir Usman Ali, ruler of Hyderabad, was then the richest man on the planet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">In August 1947:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As the British prepared to leave India, the provinces were given the option of joining either India or Pakistan, or remaining independent.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>While most provinces on the Indian side of the border acceded, some harboured dreams of independence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Most significant among these were <strong>Jammu and Kashmir in the North, and Hyderabad in the south.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 1947, Home Minister Sardar Patel asked to join India, but it was refused by the Nizam. Instead, he declared Hyderabad as an independent nation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Nizam wanted an independent status for Hyderabad and signed the <strong>Standstill Agreement<\/strong> with India in November 1947 <strong>for a year<\/strong> while negotiations with the Indian government were going on.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Standstill Agreement:<\/strong><\/span><br><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br><\/span>&#8211; It can effectively stall or stop the process of a hostile takeover if the parties cannot negotiate a friendly deal.\u00a0<br>&#8211; The Nizam nominated a three-member team to negotiate a <strong>Standstill Agreement<\/strong>, which was signed on November 29, 1947 <strong>by Governor General Lord Mountbatten and Nizam Osman Ali Khan<\/strong>, had following features:<br>1. It is <strong>valid for one year<\/strong>;<br>2. <strong>Foreign Affairs, Defence and Communications were under India\u2019s control<\/strong>;<br>3. <strong>Domestic affairs were under Nizam&#8217;s control<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Revolt and Razakars:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As early as on August 7, 1947, the Hyderabad State Congress had launched a satyagraha for democracy in the province.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the rural areas, a Communist-led peasant movement, against large landholdings, forced labour and excessive tax collection, was gaining strength.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Nizam responded by unleashing a <strong>para-military force, the Razakars<\/strong>, on the people.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The atrocities and communal nature of the Razakars against non-Muslims and opponents of the Nizam had no bounds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In response, the Union government had to order the <strong>army to tackle the situation<\/strong> on September 13, 1948, <strong>under <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/current_affairs\/current-affairs\/14-09-2023\/operation-polo\/\"><strong>Operation Polo<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875-1950):<\/strong> <br><br>&#8211; Leader of the freedom movement, and a Congress leader;<br>&#8211; Follower of Mahatma Gandhi;<br>&#8211; Deputy Prime Minister and first Home Minister of independent India;<br>&#8211; Played an important role in the integration of Princely States with India;<br>&#8211; Member of important committees of the Constituent Assembly on Fundamental Rights, Minorities, Provincial Constitution, etc.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-history\/the-accession-of-hyderabad-8944100\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source: IE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syllabus: GS1\/Post India Independence Context: Background: In August 1947: Standstill Agreement:&#8211; It can effectively stall or stop the process of a hostile takeover if the parties cannot negotiate a friendly deal.\u00a0&#8211; The Nizam nominated a three-member team to negotiate a Standstill Agreement, which was signed on November 29, 1947 by Governor General Lord Mountbatten and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17295"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17296,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17295\/revisions\/17296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}