{"id":15468,"date":"2021-05-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/current_affairs\/uncategorized\/31-05-2021\/brics-on-high-performance-computing-hpc\/"},"modified":"2025-07-12T18:20:49","modified_gmt":"2025-07-12T12:50:49","slug":"brics-on-high-performance-computing-hpc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/31-05-2021\/brics-on-high-performance-computing-hpc","title":{"rendered":"BRICS On High Performance Computing (HPC)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>In News<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Under the Science, Technology, and Innovation track, the Fifth BRICS Working Group meeting on <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>High Performance Computing (HPC) and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">was held recently.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>About<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All five BRICS countries Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, participated.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This meeting is part of BRICS Science, Technology and Innovation Calendar of Activities 2020-21 adopted by all BRICS countries.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It emphasized on the importance of this area in view of the emergence of new disciplines like<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> artificial intelligence (AI), big data, machine learning, and their potential applications<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> in the areas of medical sciences, agriculture, earth science modelling and simulation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>Nation-wise Inputs<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>India<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">: It shared the concept note on cooperation amongst the BRICS startups in <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>deep technology<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> in areas of healthcare, agriculture, and education. C-DAC presented India\u2019s initiative of<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> Indigenous development of supercomputers<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> under the National Supercomputing Mission and their applications in drug design to develop and deploy a user-friendly and comprehensive early warning system for flood prediction.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>China: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It proposed <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>AI+ HPC+ 5G-based digital twin platforms <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and an open-source ecosystem for smart manufacturing, precision farming, and precision medicine.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Brazil and South Africa<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">: They proposed the flagship project on <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Digital Earth<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>Conclusion<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The BRICS HPC &amp; ICT Working Group provides a platform for researchers from BRICS member countries to discuss and deliberate on mutual interest areas to forge partnerships.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It focused on developing deep technology-based solutions for societal challenges such as affordable healthcare, sustainable agriculture, extreme weather events, and weather, and climate modeling etc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>High-performance computing (HPC)\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It refers to the practice of <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>aggregating computing power<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> in a way that delivers much higher performance than one could get out of a typical desktop computer or workstation in order to solve large problems in science, engineering or business.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It has the ability to process data and perform complex calculations at high speeds. For example, a laptop or desktop with a 3 GHz processor can perform around 3 billion calculations per second while HPC can perform <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>quadrillions of calculations per second<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The HPC is a synonym for supercomputing, and some supercomputers work at more than a <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Petaflop or 10<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>15<\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> floating-point operations per second.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HPC solutions have three main components:<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Compute servers<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">: to build a high-performance computing architecture,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Storage<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">:\u00a0 to feed and ingest data to and from the computer servers as quickly as it is processed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Network<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">: to support the high-speed transportation of data.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Image Courtesy<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">: <\/span><\/span><\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ichec.ie\/news\/press-corner\/about-high-performance-computing-hpc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;\"><u>ichec.ie\/<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> )<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>Significance of HPC<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Promotes advancement:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> It is through data that groundbreaking scientific discoveries are made, game-changing innovations are fueled, and quality of life is improved for billions of people around the globe. HPC is the foundation for scientific, industrial, and societal advancements.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Process Massive Data:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> Nowadays organizations need lightning-fast, highly reliable IT infrastructure to process, store, and analyze massive amounts of data. The HPC has the ability to process data in real time.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Supports technologies:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> HPC is essential to strengthen technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), AI, 3-D imaging etc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>Applications<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Research labs:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> HPC is used to help scientists find sources of renewable energy, understand the evolution of our universe, predict and track storms, and create new materials.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Artificial intelligence and machine learning:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> HPC is used to detect credit card fraud, provide self-guided technical support, teach self-driving vehicles, and improve cancer screening techniques.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Oil and gas:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> HPC is used to more accurately identify where to drill for new wells and to help boost production from existing wells.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Financial services: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HPC is used to track real-time stock trends and automate trading.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Health Sector:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> HPC is used to help develop cures for diseases like diabetes and cancer and to enable faster, more accurate patient diagnosis.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Media and entertainment: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HPC is used to edit feature films, render mind-blowing special effects, and stream live events around the world.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Image Courtesy<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">: <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;\"><u>exdci.eu<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> )<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>Way Forward<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The future of high-performance computers focuses on efficiency, making more with less. The future of HPCs lies in biosciences, climate modeling, geographical data collection, and many other disciplines.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Research labs will be strengthened by HPCs that assist scientists in their quest to find renewable energy and analyze future and past universe evolutions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HPCs can even be used in medical fields to develop cures for diseases and deliver faster and more accurate diagnoses.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; table-layout: fixed; width: 624px;\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffe599; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>BRICS<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>History<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The leaders of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries met for the first time in <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>St<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Petersburg<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, Russia, on the margins of the G8 Outreach Summit in July 2006.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Shortly afterwards, in September 2006, the group was formalised as BRIC during the 1st BRIC Foreign Ministers\u2019 Meeting.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">After a series of high level meetings, the <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1st BRIC summit<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> was held in <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Yekaterinburg<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Russia <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">on 16 June <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2009<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The BRIC group was renamed as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) after South Africa was accepted as a full member at the BRIC Foreign Ministers\u2019 meeting in New York in September 2010.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Accordingly, South Africa attended the 3rd BRICS Summit in Sanya, China on 14 April 2011.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Key Facts<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">BRICS is bringing together the major emerging economies from the world, comprising<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> 41% <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">of the world population.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It forms <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>24%<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> of the world GDP.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It has <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>16%<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> share in world trade.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Total combined area of <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>29.3%<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> of the total land surface of the world.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Three pillars of intra-BRICS cooperation<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Political and Security:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> To enhance cooperation and dialogue on issues of global and regional security, developments in the global political space for peace, security and prosperity. Our priorities under this pillar are:<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reform of the Multilateral System<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Counter Terrorism Cooperation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Economic and Financial: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">To promote economic growth and development for mutual prosperity through the expansion of intra-BRICS cooperation in sectors such as trade, agriculture, infrastructure, small and medium enterprises, energy and finance &amp; banking. Recognizing the advantages of using technological and digital solutions for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in BRICS countries with a special focus on:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Implementation of the BRICS Economic Partnership Strategy 2020-25.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Operationalization of the BRICS Agriculture Research Platform.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cooperation on Disaster Resilience.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Innovation Cooperation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Digital Health and Traditional Medicine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Cultural and People to People:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 To qualitatively enrich and enhance intra-BRICS people to people contacts in cultural, academic, youth, sports, business, through regular exchanges. Exchanges among Parliamentarians, young scientists etc. are also held.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Next Summit<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The 13th BRICS Summit is going to be held under <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>India\u2019s <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chairship in 2021. It will be the third time that India will be hosting the BRICS Summit after 2012 and 2016.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The theme for India\u2019s Chairship is <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u2018BRICS @ 15: Intra-BRICS Cooperation for Continuity, Consolidation and Consensus\u2019.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>National SuperComputer Mission (NSM<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>)\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It was launched in 2015 by joint efforts of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and the Department of Science and Technology.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Implementation is being steered by C-DAC and IISc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Objectives:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> To create a powerful supercomputing ability in India to boost research and help academia.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">To take India at par with global supercomputers along with getting independent in making as well as assembly of supercomputers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Achievements<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Phase 1\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">PARAM SHIVAY: It was the first supercomputer to be assembled indigenously. It was deployed at IIT-BHU.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">PARAM SHAKTI: It is deployed at IIT Kharagpur.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">PARAM BRAHMA: Deployed at IISER.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">PARAM YUKTI: deployed at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">PARAM SANGANK: Deployed at IIT Kanpur.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Phase 2<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A new dimension of converging AI with HPC was successfully tried and tested in this phase. It will help increase the speed exponentially.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">PARAM SIDDHI \u2013 AI had convergent HPC and AI. It was ranked at 62 globally among 500 other supercomputers. It was created and installed by CDAC.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This phase will end with the speed at 16PF.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: circle;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Phase 3<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It has the mission of taking computing speed to 45PFs.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Three systems of 3PFs each and 1 system of 20PFs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It was launched in January 2021.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>Supercomputer<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: disc;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>FLOPS<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In News Under the Science, Technology, and Innovation track, the Fifth BRICS Working Group meeting on High Performance Computing (HPC) and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) was held recently. About All five BRICS countries Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, participated. This meeting is part of BRICS Science, Technology and Innovation Calendar of Activities 2020-21 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15469,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[59,30,26,132,35],"class_list":["post-15468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-achievements-of-indians-in-st","tag-gs-2","tag-gs-3","tag-indigenisation-of-technology","tag-international-organisations-groupings"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2023\/07\/960822HOD current-affairs.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15468\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}