{"id":15356,"date":"2021-05-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-24T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/current_affairs\/uncategorized\/24-05-2021\/facts-in-news-159\/"},"modified":"2021-05-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-05-24T00:00:00","slug":"facts-in-news-159","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/24-05-2021\/facts-in-news-159","title":{"rendered":"Facts in News"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Facts in News<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Bao Dhaan (Geography)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Recently, the first consignment of <\/span><\/span><\/span>‘Bao Dhaan or Red Rice<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>‘ was sent to the USA from Assam.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Key Points<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • The red rice is <\/span><\/span><\/span>iron-rich<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> and is grown in the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Brahmaputra valley of Assam<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>, without the use of any chemical fertilizer.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
      \n
    • The rice variety is referred to as <\/span><\/span><\/span>‘Bao-dhaan<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>‘, and it is red due to the presence of <\/span><\/span><\/span>anthocyanin<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • It is an integral part of Assamese food.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • It has a <\/span><\/span><\/span>nutty flavor<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • The red rice is usually eaten unhulled or partially hulled.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • Compared to brown and white rice, it has the <\/span><\/span><\/span>highest nutritional value<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • Varieties:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Thai Red Cargo rice, Bhutanese red rice, Camargue red rice, and Kerala Matta rice.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • Geographical Conditions:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
        \n
      • Climate:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Warm and humid<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • Temperature:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> 20\u00b0C to 35\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • Rainfall:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> 100 cm\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • Soil:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Fertile soil. Delta and valley soils are the most suitable.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Image Courtesy: New Indian Express<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Jalyukta Shivar Yojana Project (Government Schemes)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

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Recently, the Mounda tehsil in Maharashtra was turned into a water-surplus tehsil under <\/span><\/span><\/span>Jalyukta Shivar Yojana Project.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jalyukta Shivar Yojana Project<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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  • Launched in:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> 2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Launched by:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Government of Maharashtra.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Aim:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> To make Maharashtra a <\/span><\/span><\/span>drought-free state by 2019<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
      \n
    • To make 5000 villages free of water scarcity every year in regions including Marathwada and adjoining areas of Madhya Maharashtra and large parts of Vidarbha.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • The recent state government has ended this scheme in 2020.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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UV Disinfection Technology (S&T)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

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Recently, CSIR- CSIO has transferred <\/span><\/span><\/span>UV Disinfection technology<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> to combat SARS-CoV-2 to some indigenous manufacturers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • There has been increasing evidence for the airborne route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via aerosols.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Airborne transmission is a major risk in indoor settings.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    UV Disinfection Technology<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • The <\/span><\/span><\/span>UV-C air duct disinfection system<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> can be used in <\/span><\/span><\/span>Air Handling Units (AHUs) <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>like auditoriums, large conference rooms, classrooms, malls, etc. for disinfection<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • Purpose:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> To deactivate the SARS COV-2 virus contained in an <\/span><\/span><\/span>aerosol<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> with necessary ventilation measures, necessary safety and user guidelines, and tested Bio-safety standards, etc.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
        \n
      • An <\/span><\/span><\/span>aerosol<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> is a suspension of small liquid droplets or solid particles in the air.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • The aerosol material exists in the liquid or solid state and is carried by air into the respiratory tract.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Utility:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
          \n
        • UV-C deactivates over 99 % of viruses, bacteria, fungus, and other bioaerosols, etc., and ameliorating fungal infections.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        • The UV-C is energy efficient system, improves airflow through coils, enhances indoor air quality, requires less maintenance, easy to retrofit with any existing system having AHU ducts, and has a low initial setup cost.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • It is a form of <\/span><\/span><\/span>non-ionizing radiation<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> that is emitted by the sun and artificial sources, such as tanning beds.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          • UV radiation is classified into three primary types: <\/span><\/span><\/span>ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
              \n
            • These groups are based on the measure of their wavelength, which is measured in nanometers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
            • UVA:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
                \n
              • Wavelength:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> 315- 399 nm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
              • Absorption Level:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Not absorbed by the ozone layer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
              • UVB:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
                  \n
                • Wavelength:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> 280-314 nm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                • Absorption Level:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Mostly absorbed by the ozone layer, but some do reach the Earth\u2019s surface.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  Image Courtesy: Contracting Business<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Mount Nyiragongo (Geography)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

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Recently, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Mount Nyiragongo<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> in Congo sees a volcanic eruption.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mount Nyiragongo<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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  • It is an <\/span><\/span><\/span>active stratovolcano<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
      \n
    • Also known as <\/span><\/span><\/span>composite cones<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> and their lower slopes are gentle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • Most deadly volcanoes.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • The largest percentage (60%) of the Earth’s individual volcanoes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • Other examples:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mt. Mayon in the Philippines, and Mt. Agua in Guatemala.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Location:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Inside <\/span><\/span><\/span>Virunga National Park<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>, Congo.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
        \n
      • Location:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Albertine Rift Valley of Great Rift Valley.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • It is listed in the <\/span><\/span><\/span>List of World Heritage in Danger <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>and <\/span><\/span><\/span>UNESCO World Heritage Sites<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • Apart from Mount Nyiragongo, another active volcano <\/span><\/span><\/span>Mount Nyamuragira<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> is located here.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • Here around <\/span><\/span><\/span>1\/3 of the world\u2019s wild mountain gorillas<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> are present.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Image Courtesy:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>IRIS<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Bonda Tribe (Social Issues)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

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The <\/span><\/span><\/span>Bonda Tribes <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>is a native tribe in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bonda tribe<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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  • They belong to the Munda<\/span><\/span><\/span> ethnic group<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
      \n
    • Origin:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Migrated from Africa about 60,000 years ago.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • They are the first forest settlers in India.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • They are included among the <\/span><\/span><\/span>75 Primitive Tribal Groups<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> identified by the Government of India.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • Language:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Remo (belongs to the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Munda branch<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> of the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Austroasiatic language family<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
        \n
      • It is similar to the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Gutob language<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Social Structure:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
          \n
        • They follow the unfree labor or <\/span><\/span><\/span>Goti system<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>, which is known as Gufam by the Bonda people.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        • The <\/span><\/span><\/span>dowry system<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> is followed during marriages.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        • Clothing:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
            \n
          • The Bondas are generally <\/span><\/span><\/span>semi-clothed<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>, the women wear thick silver neck bands.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          • Bonda women have their heads shaved and adorned with two types of headbands, called turuba and lobeda.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          • Both men and women wear earrings called limbi.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • Status of Women:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
              \n
            • The women enjoy a <\/span><\/span><\/span>privileged position<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
            • They are the primary workers and providers of food for the community.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              Image Courtesy: Journals of India<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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\u201c17+1\u201d Initiative (IR)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

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Recently, Lithuania opted for China’s <\/span><\/span><\/span>17+1 Project<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

17+1 Project<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Launched in:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> 2012 as a 16+1 initiative.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
      \n
    • Become <\/span><\/span><\/span>17+ 1 with the addition of Greece<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Launched by:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> China<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • Objective:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> China launched this initiative in the Central and Eastern European Region (CEE), to inject capital, revamp old infrastructure and invest in locals.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
        \n
      • China considered CEE as its <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2018Gateway to Europe<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Image Courtesy: EUCNC Albania<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Viper Rover (S&T)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

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NASA Rover ‘VIPER’ will search for ice, evaluate the environment on the moon in <\/span><\/span><\/span>2023<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Viper Rover<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • VIPER stands for <\/span><\/span><\/span>Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • This rover is part of the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Artemis programme<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
      \n
    • It is NASA\u2019s <\/span><\/span><\/span>human spaceflight program<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> launched in 2017 to return humans to the Moon, specifically at the lunar south pole region.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Aim:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> NASA will explore the dark side of the moon in search of <\/span><\/span><\/span>critical water molecules<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> and other sustaining minerals and resources.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • Instruments Onboard:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploring New Terrains (TRIDENT) hammer drill, the Mass Spectrometer Observing Lunar Operations (MSolo) instrument, the Near-Infrared Volatiles Spectrometer System (NIRVSS), and the Neutron Spectrometer System (NSS).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      Image Courtesy: NASA<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u00a0 Facts in News Bao Dhaan (Geography) Recently, the first consignment of ‘Bao Dhaan or Red Rice‘ was sent to the USA from Assam. Key Points The red rice is iron-rich and is grown in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam, without the use of any chemical fertilizer.\u00a0 The rice variety is referred to as ‘Bao-dhaan‘, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15357,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[30,26,25],"class_list":["post-15356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-gs-2","tag-gs-3","tag-gs1"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7259847current-affairs.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15356"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15356\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}