{"id":15106,"date":"2021-05-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-07T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/current_affairs\/uncategorized\/07-05-2021\/facts-in-news-145\/"},"modified":"2021-05-07T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-05-07T00:00:00","slug":"facts-in-news-145","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/07-05-2021\/facts-in-news-145","title":{"rendered":"Facts in News"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Facts in News<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Pulayar Community<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

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  • The Pulayar (also <\/span><\/span><\/span>Pulaya<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Pulayas<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Holeya <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>or <\/span><\/span><\/span>Cheramar<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>) are one of the main social groups found in <\/span><\/span><\/span>Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • The <\/span><\/span><\/span>1976 Government of India Gazette<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> notified them as <\/span><\/span><\/span>Scheduled Caste<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> (SC).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • They have seen the worst form of<\/span><\/span><\/span> caste oppression and violence<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> for being considered <\/span><\/span><\/span>untouchables <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>by the higher caste Hindus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Traditionally <\/span><\/span><\/span>women of this caste are more independent <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>compared to the women of other castes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • The <\/span><\/span><\/span>spiritual life<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> includes certain <\/span><\/span><\/span>ancient magic rituals and practices<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> that have a certain reputation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • They are noted for their <\/span><\/span><\/span>music, craftsmanship, and for certain dances<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> like <\/span><\/span><\/span>K?lam-thullal<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a mask dance which is part of their exorcism rituals, as well as the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Mudi-?ttam<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> or <\/span><\/span><\/span>hair-dance<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> which has its origins in a fertility ritual.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

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  • Cause:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> A child is born with <\/span><\/span><\/span>three copies<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> (an <\/span><\/span><\/span>extra partial copy<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>) of <\/span><\/span><\/span>chromosome 21<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>, instead of two.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
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    • This causes <\/span><\/span><\/span>physical and mental developmental delays<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span>disabilities<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Symptoms<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
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      • At birth, babies have certain developmental disabilities like flat face, small head and ears, short neck, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Screening and Testing<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
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        • Ultrasound evaluation, blood tests (karyotype), quadruple marker screen (QMS) test.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Treatment:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> There is no cure but a wide variety of support and educational programs can help both people with it and their families.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          Image Courtesy: <\/span><\/span><\/span>dailynews<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Black Fungus (Mucormycosis)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

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Facebook\u2019s Oversight Board<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n

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  • The Oversight Board has been set up as an <\/span><\/span><\/span>independent body<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> and\u00a0 was established by Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg but operates as an <\/span><\/span><\/span>independent entity<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>, although its wages and other costs are covered by Facebook.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • It\u00a0 helps Facebook figure\u00a0 out what <\/span><\/span><\/span>content can be allowed<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> on the platform and what <\/span><\/span><\/span>ought to be removed.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • It is often referred to as <\/span><\/span><\/span>“Facebook’s Supreme Court.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
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    • It is based in London.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Composition<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
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      • It is made up of <\/span><\/span><\/span>journalists, human rights<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>activists, lawyers and academics<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • The board uses its independent judgment to support people’s right to <\/span><\/span><\/span>free expression<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> and ensure that those rights are being adequately respected.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • The board’s decisions to uphold or reverse Facebook’s content decisions will be binding, meaning that Facebook will have to implement them, unless doing so could violate the law.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Osteocytes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n

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  • Research led by the Garvan Institute of Medical Research\u00a0 for the <\/span><\/span><\/span>first time mapped<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> the unique genetic profile of the <\/span><\/span><\/span>skeleton`s<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>‘master regulator`<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> cells, known as <\/span><\/span><\/span>osteocytes<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
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    • Osteocyte is a cell that lies within the substance of a fully<\/span><\/span><\/span> formed bone<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • It occupies a <\/span><\/span><\/span>small chamber called a lacuna,<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> which is contained in the <\/span><\/span><\/span>calcified matrix of bone.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • They\u00a0 are the most abundant type of cell in mature bone tissue. They also are long-lived, surviving as long as the bone they occupy exists.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • These osteocytes form a network similar to the neurons in the brain. There are more than 23 trillion connections between 42 billion osteocytes that monitors bone health and responds to ageing and damage by signalling other cells to build more bone or break down old bone<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • It\u00a0 controls how other types of cells make or break down parts of the skeleton to maintain strong and healthy bones.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • The osteocyte is capable of bone deposition and resorption.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      Image Courtesy: <\/span><\/span><\/span>Louisville bones<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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PESCO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n

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  • The <\/span><\/span><\/span>Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the area of security and defence policy was established by a Council decision on <\/span><\/span><\/span>11 December 2017, with 25 EU Member States.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • It was Introduced by the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Lisbon Treaty on European Union<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u00a0It offers a legal framework to jointly plan, develop and invest in shared capability projects, and enhance the operational readiness and contribution of armed forces.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Objectives<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n
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    • To jointly arrive at a coherent full spectrum of defence capabilities available to Member States for national and multinational (EU, NATO, UN, etc.) missions and operations<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u00a0 Facts in News Pulayar Community The Pulayar (also Pulaya, Pulayas, Holeya or Cheramar) are one of the main social groups found in Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The 1976 Government of India Gazette notified them as Scheduled Caste (SC). They have seen the worst form of caste oppression and violence for being considered untouchables […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[30,26,25],"class_list":["post-15106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-gs-2","tag-gs-3","tag-gs1"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2023\/07\/3377502current-affairs.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15106"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15106\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}