{"id":14548,"date":"2021-03-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/current_affairs\/uncategorized\/25-03-2021\/appointment-of-chief-justice-of-india\/"},"modified":"2021-03-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T00:00:00","slug":"appointment-of-chief-justice-of-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/25-03-2021\/appointment-of-chief-justice-of-india","title":{"rendered":"Appointment of Chief Justice of India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In News<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recently, the<strong> Chief Justice of India<\/strong> (CJI) Sharad A. Bobde has recommended Justice N.V. Ramana, the senior-most judge of the <strong>Supreme Court <\/strong>(SC), who is set to take over as the<strong> 48th CJI from 24th April 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Justice Ramana<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cfstatic.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/file_library\/mix_content\/258518096635797540_image.png\" style=\"height:350px; margin-left:150px; margin-right:150px; width:341px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Appointment of Chief Justice<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The CJI and the Judges of the SC are <strong>appointed by the President<\/strong> under <strong>clause (2) of Article 124<\/strong> of the Constitution.<\/li>\n<li>From 1950 to 1973, the <strong>practice has been to appoint the senior most judge<\/strong> of the SC as the CJI.<\/li>\n<li>This <strong>established convention<\/strong> was violated in <strong>1973 <\/strong>when A N Ray was appointed as the Chief Justice of India by superseding three senior judges.<\/li>\n<li>Again in 1977, M U Beg was appointed as the chief justice of India by superseding the then senior-most judge.<\/li>\n<li>This discretion of the government was curtailed by the <strong>SC in the Second Judges Case <\/strong>(1993), in which the SC ruled that the senior most judge should alone be appointed to the office of the CJI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Appointment of Judges<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The other judges are <strong>appointed by the President <\/strong>after consultation with the CJI and other judges of the SC and the HCs as he deems necessary.<\/li>\n<li>The<strong> consultation with the CJI is obligatory <\/strong>in the case of the appointment of a judge other than CJI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Qualifications of Judges<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Should be a <strong>citizen <\/strong>of India.<\/li>\n<li>Should have been a<strong> judge of an HC <\/strong>(or HCs in succession) for <strong>five years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Should have been an a<strong>dvocate of an HC<\/strong> (or HCs in succession) for <strong>ten years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Should be a <strong>distinguished jurist <\/strong>in the<strong> opinion of the President<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The Constitution has <strong>not prescribed minimum age for appointment<\/strong> as a judge of the SC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Oath or Affirmation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A person appointed as a judge of the SC has to <strong>make and subscribe an oath or affirmation before the President<\/strong>, or some person appointed by him for this purpose.<\/li>\n<li>In the oath, a<strong> judge swears to:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India.<\/li>\n<li>Uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India.<\/li>\n<li>Duly and faithfully and to the best of his ability, knowledge and judgement perform the duties of the Office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.<\/li>\n<li>Uphold the Constitution and the laws.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tenure of Judges<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Constitution has<strong> not fixed the tenure of a judge<\/strong> of the SC.<\/li>\n<li>However, it makes the following <strong>three provisions <\/strong>in this regard:\n<ul>\n<li>Holds office until he\/she attains the<strong> age of 65 years<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>Any question regarding the age is to be determined by such authority and in such manner as provided by Parliament.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Can <strong>resign the office by writing to the President<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Can be <strong>removed from his office by the President<\/strong> on the recommendation of the Parliament.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Removal of Judges<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A judge of the SC can be removed from office<strong> by an order of the President<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>The President can issue the removal order<strong> only after an address by Parliament <\/strong>has been presented in the same session for such removal.<\/li>\n<li>The address must be <strong>supported by a special majority<\/strong> of each House of Parliament.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Grounds of Removal:<\/strong> Proved misbehaviour or Incapacity.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>Judges Enquiry Act, 1968 <\/strong>regulates the procedure relating to the removal of a judge of the SC by the<strong> process of impeachment<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>No judge of the SC<\/strong> has been impeached so far.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Impeachment <\/strong>motions of <strong>Justice V Ramaswami <\/strong>(1991\u20131993) and <strong>Justice Dipak Misra <\/strong>(2017-18) were defeated in the <strong>Parliament<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Salaries and Allowances<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Salaries, allowances, privileges, leave and pension of the judges of the SC are <strong>determined from time to time by the Parliament<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>They <strong>cannot be varied<\/strong> to their disadvantage after their appointment except during a financial emergency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Acting CJI <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The President can appoint a judge of the SC as an acting CJI if:<\/li>\n<li>Office of CJI is <strong>vacant<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>CJI is temporarily <strong>absent<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>CJI is <strong>unable to perform the duties<\/strong> of the office.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:735px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top; width:468.0pt\">\n<p><strong>Second Judge Case<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In the <strong>Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association Vs Union of India, 1993<\/strong>, a nine-judge Constitution Bench overruled the decision and devised a specific procedure called \u2018<strong>Collegium System<\/strong>\u2019 for the appointment and transfer of judges in the higher judiciary.<\/li>\n<li>The majority verdict <strong>accorded primacy to the CJI<\/strong> in matters of appointment and transfers while also ruling that the term \u201c<strong>consultation<\/strong>\u201d <strong>would not diminish the primary role of the CJI<\/strong> in judicial appointments.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>role of the CJI is primal <\/strong>in nature because this being a <strong>topic within the judicial family, the executive cannot have an equal say<\/strong> in the matter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/cji-bobde-recommends-justice-ramana-as-successor\/article34148064.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TH<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In News Recently, the Chief Justice of India (CJI) Sharad A. Bobde has recommended Justice N.V. Ramana, the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court (SC), who is set to take over as the 48th CJI from 24th April 2021. About Justice Ramana Appointment of Chief Justice The CJI and the Judges of the SC are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[51,30,86],"class_list":["post-14548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-executive-judiciary","tag-gs-2","tag-structure-functioning"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2023\/07\/62074936268277current-affairs.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14548"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14548\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}