\n\nNidhi Companies<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n\n\n- Nidhi Company is a type of Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC)<\/strong>.\n
\n- It is formed to borrow and lend money to its members.<\/li>\n
- It inculcates the habit of saving among its members and works on the principle of mutual benefit.<\/li>\n
- These companies typically operate in the southern part of the country.<\/li>\n
- The Reserve Bank of India<\/strong> (RBI) keeps regulatory oversight.<\/li>\n
- RBI has relaxed norms for Nidhi Companies as compared to other NBFCs and exempted them from the core provisions of the RBI Act because they deal with their shareholder-members only.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- “Sabanayagam Committee<\/strong>” suggested changes in the policies and regulatory framework of Nidhi companies.<\/li>\n
- The Ministry of Corporate Affairs <\/strong>(MCA) has notified new regulations to curb the frauds in Nidhi Companies by amending the Companies Act, 2013 and the Nidhi Rules, 2014<\/strong>.\n
\n- NDH-4<\/strong> form is to be submitted by firms to get enrolled as Nidhi Companies.<\/li>\n
- Investor advisories regarding verification of the antecedents\/status of a Nidhi company before investing have also been issued by MCA.\n
\n- Several firms have already been declared unfit as they were non-compliant with the required standard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- A firm is notified as a Nidhi company by the government under Section 620A of the Companies Act, 1956<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\nCoffee Cultivation<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n\n\n- Second most important beverage<\/strong> of India after tea.<\/li>\n
- Indigenous to Abyssinia Plateau<\/strong> (Ethiopia<\/strong>).<\/li>\n
- It was brought to India by Baba Budan in the 17th century<\/strong> from Arabia <\/strong>and was raised in the Baba Budan Hills of Karnataka<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
- British planters established large coffee estates near\n
\n- Chikmagalur <\/strong>(Karnataka) in 1826.<\/li>\n
- Manantody <\/strong>(Wayanad) and Shevoroys in 1830.<\/li>\n
- Nilgiris<\/strong> in 1839.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- At present, more than 52,000 coffee gardens giving employment to 2.5 million persons exist in India.<\/li>\n
- \u2018Coffee Board of India\u2019<\/strong> was established through a constitutional act <\/strong>\u2018Coffee Act VII of 1942<\/strong>\u2019 under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry<\/strong>.\n
\n- It comprises 6 Statutory Committees as per Coffee Act.<\/li>\n
- The Board comprises 33 members including the Chairman and the Secretary & Chief Executive Officer.<\/li>\n
- The remaining 31 members represent various interests such as\n
\n- Coffee growing industry.<\/li>\n
- Coffee trade interests.<\/li>\n
- Curing establishments.<\/li>\n
- Interests of labour and consumers.<\/li>\n
- Representatives of governments of the principal coffee-growing states.<\/li>\n
- Members of Parliament.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Conditions of Growth<\/strong>\n
\n- Hot and humid climate<\/strong><\/li>\n
- Temperature between 15\u00b0C and 28 \u00b0C<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
- Rainfall from 150 to 250 cm.<\/strong><\/li>\n
- Well-drained, rich friable<\/strong> loams<\/strong> containing a good deal of humus<\/strong> and minerals like iron and calcium<\/strong> are ideal for coffee cultivation.<\/li>\n
- Dry weather is necessary<\/strong> at the time of ripening<\/strong> of the berries.<\/li>\n
- The crop is not tolerant to <\/strong>\n
\n- Frost and snowfall.<\/li>\n
- High temperature above 30\u00b0C and strong sunshine (Hence, generally grown under shady trees on Northern and Eastern aspects of Hill).<\/li>\n
- Prolonged drought.<\/li>\n
- Stagnant water (Hence, grown on hill slopes at elevations from 600 to 1,600 metres above sea level).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- Coffee cultivation requires plenty of cheap and skilled labour<\/strong> for various operations including sowing, transplanting, pruning, plucking, drying, grading and packing of coffee<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![](\"https:\/\/cfstatic.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/file_library\/mix_content\/487642818511012160_image.png\") <\/p>\n
Source: Coffee Board of India<\/p>\n \n- Production Statistics<\/strong>\n
\n- Coffee Arabica <\/strong>(49% of the area) and Coffee Robusta<\/strong> (51% of the area) are the two main varieties<\/strong> of coffee grown in India.<\/li>\n
- Karnataka is the largest producer<\/strong> (about 70% of total coffee production and 60% of the area under coffee in India).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\nSaras Aajeevika Mela<\/h3>\n<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n\n\n- The Saras Aajeevika Mela 2021 is underway at Noida Haat.\n
\n- More than 300 rural self-help groups and craftsmen<\/strong> from 27 states are participating in the Mela.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- It is an initiative by the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission <\/strong>(DAY-NRLM), Ministry of Rural Development<\/strong> (MoRD).<\/li>\n
- Objective<\/strong>\n
\n- To bring the rural women Self Help Groups<\/strong> (SHGs) formed with the support of DAY-NRLM<\/strong>, under one platform to showcase their skills, sell their products<\/strong> and help them build linkages with bulk buyers<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- Through participation in the Mela, these rural SHG women get vital national level exposure to understand the demand and taste of urban customers<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\nCity Innovation Exchange (CIX) Platform<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n\n\n- It was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.<\/strong><\/li>\n
- It will connect cities to innovators across<\/strong> the national ecosystem<\/strong> to design innovative solutions <\/strong>for their pressing challenges.<\/strong><\/li>\n
- The platform will ease the discovery, design and validation of solutions <\/strong>through a robust, transparent <\/strong>and user-centric process<\/strong> that will reduce barriers for innovators <\/strong>and cities to discover fitting solutions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
- The platform will help Indian cities<\/strong> in adopting solutions<\/strong> that will enhance the quality of life for residents<\/strong> and significantly improve the Ease of Doing Business. <\/strong><\/li>\n
- It will be a significant addition to the growing innovation ecosystem <\/strong>of India and focuses on fostering innovative practices in cities<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\nReverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Test<\/h3>\n<\/td>\n\n\n- Under the test, copies of a segment of Deoxyribonucleic Acid <\/strong>(DNA) are created using an enzyme <\/strong>called \u2018Polymerase\u2019<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
- The \u2018Chain Reaction<\/strong>\u2019 implies how the DNA fragments are copied significantly, where one is copied into two, which are then copied into four, and so on.<\/li>\n
- The \u2018Probe<\/strong>\u2019 (fluorescent DNA Binding Dye<\/strong>) is added to DNA, which shows the presence of the virus on a fluorometer.<\/li>\n
- Covid-19 is made of Ribonucleic Acid<\/strong> (RNA). To detect it by PCR, it is converted into DNA<\/strong> using a technique called \u2018Reverse Transcription<\/strong>\u2019. These copies of the DNA are then made and amplified.<\/li>\n
- Kary Mullis<\/strong>, an American biochemist, invented the PCR technique for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1993<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Facts in News Pasteurella multocida Recently, 7 elephants in Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha have died of haemorrhagic septicaemia caused by bacteria Pasteurella multocida. Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus of the family Pasteurellaceae. Gram-negative are the bacteria that […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[25],"class_list":["post-14126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-gs1"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2023\/07\/552474current-affairs (1).jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14126"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66195,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14126\/revisions\/66195"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} | | | | | | | | | |