{"id":13850,"date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-15T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/current_affairs\/uncategorized\/15-02-2021\/policy-formulation-on-electric-vehicles\/"},"modified":"2021-02-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-02-15T00:00:00","slug":"policy-formulation-on-electric-vehicles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/15-02-2021\/policy-formulation-on-electric-vehicles","title":{"rendered":"Policy Formulation on Electric Vehicles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>In News<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Indian government is <strong>formulating a policy to institutionalize research and development on the next generation of battery technologies<\/strong> for <strong>Electric Vehicles<\/strong> (EVs).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Significance of the Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It will <strong>reduce India\u2019s dependence on other countries<\/strong> for its import.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>China<\/strong> is currently the <strong>leader in supplying lithium-ion batteries<\/strong> to the world, and <strong>India\u2019s EV industry is heavily dependent on import<\/strong> of the batteries.<\/li>\n<li>China also has <strong>stakes in strategic reserves of lithium mines in other countries<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The move to <strong>boost research and development <\/strong>(R&#038;D) <strong>on battery technology is significant<\/strong> in this context.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The policy is needed to <strong>find an integrated approach for the development of next-generation technology<\/strong> with <strong>proper coordination<\/strong> among all the key players.<\/li>\n<li>It will also give a <strong>boost to the research in the field of alternatives technologies<\/strong> like metal-ion, metal-air, hydrogen fuel cell, etc which has the <strong>potential to replace lithium-ion batteries<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mass production led by policy guidance could reduce the prices<\/strong> of the batteries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Concerns: <\/strong>India has very low strategic reserves on lithium; hence it is important to look for alternative technologies.\n<ul>\n<li>Lithium supply is going to be <strong>dependent on one or two countries<\/strong> in the future which can potentially lead to some <strong>strategic issues<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Suggestions:<\/strong> India should <strong>concentrate on lithium-ion alternative batteries<\/strong> and <strong>mining sector companies should explore opportunities abroad<\/strong> for acquiring assets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:1080px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top; width:468.0pt\">\n<p><strong>Electric Vehicles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An EV is a vehicle that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Benefits<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Seen as a possible<strong> replacement for current-generation automobiles<\/strong>, in order to <strong>address the issues<\/strong> of rising <strong>pollution<\/strong>, <strong>global warming<\/strong>, <strong>depleting natural resources<\/strong>, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Even though the concept of EVs has been around for a long time, it gained momentum amid the <strong>concern of rising carbon footprint<\/strong> and other <strong>environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Indian Policies on EVs<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In <strong>2010<\/strong>, the <strong>Ministry of New and Renewable Energy<\/strong> (MNRE), announced a <strong>financial incentive for manufacturers for EVs<\/strong> sold in India.\n<ul>\n<li>The<strong> Rs 95-crore scheme<\/strong> envisaged<strong> incentives of up to 20 percent on ex-factory prices of vehicles<\/strong>, subject to a maximum limit.<\/li>\n<li>It was the <strong>first concrete decision<\/strong> to incentivize EVs. However, it was <strong>withdrawn <\/strong>by the MNRE in <strong>March 2012<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>2013<\/strong>, India unveiled the <strong>National Electric Mobility Mission Plan<\/strong> (NEMMP) <strong>2020<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>It aimed to make a major <strong>shift to EVs<\/strong> and to address the <strong>issues of national energy security<\/strong>, <strong>vehicular pollution,<\/strong> and the\u00a0<strong>growth of domestic manufacturing capabilities<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>It offered <strong>subsidies <\/strong>and created a <strong>supporting infrastructure<\/strong> for e-vehicles but the plan <strong>has not been implemented<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In the <strong>Union Budget 2015-16<\/strong>, the \u2018<strong>Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of EVs<\/strong>\u2019 (FAME) scheme was announced, with an initial outlay of <strong>Rs. 75 crore<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>It aimed to offer <strong>incentives for clean-fuel technology cars <\/strong>to boost their sales to up to <strong>7 million vehicles by 2020<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>2017<\/strong>, the Transport Ministry highlighted its <strong>intent to move to 100 percent electric cars <\/strong>by <strong>2030<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>However, the automobile industry raised concerns over the execution of such a plan, so the government subsequently<strong> diluted the plan to 30 percent<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>February 2019<\/strong>, the Union Cabinet cleared an <strong>Rs. 10,000-crore programme <\/strong>under the <strong>FAME-II scheme<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>Objective\n<ul>\n<li>To encourage faster adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles by offering <strong>upfront incentives on the purchase<\/strong> of EVs.<\/li>\n<li>Also by <strong>establishing the necessary charging infrastructure<\/strong> for EVs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top; width:468.0pt\">\n<p><strong>Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>These are <strong>rechargeable batteries<\/strong> that use an <strong>intercalated lithium compound as one electrode material<\/strong>, compared to the metallic lithium used in a non-rechargeable lithium battery.\n<ul>\n<li>Intercalation is the reversible inclusion or insertion of a molecule into materials with layered structures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism:<\/strong> These consist of electrolyte, which allows for ionic movement, and the two electrodes.\n<ul>\n<li>Lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cfstatic.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/file_library\/mix_content\/406106396374712060_image.png\" style=\"height:332px; margin-left:250px; margin-right:250px; width:342px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(Image Courtesy: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/Schematic-of-the-Lithium-ion-battery_fig2_324929541\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>ResearchGate<\/em><\/a><em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Applications: <\/strong>Lithium cells are the building blocks of rechargeable batteries used for military, battery EVs, aerospace applications, laptops, and mobile phones, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Currently, <strong>India is heavily dependent on the import of these<\/strong> cells as the battery metal is available in India.\n<ul>\n<li>Globally, lithium-ion cell manufacturing is <strong>dominated by China<\/strong>, followed by <strong>the US<\/strong>, <strong>Thailand<\/strong>, <strong>Germany<\/strong>, <strong>Sweden,\u00a0<\/strong>and <strong>South Korea<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Source: IE<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;><\/p>\n<p><strong>Electric Vehicles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An EV is a vehicle that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Benefits<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Seen as a possible<strong> replacement for current-generation automobiles<\/strong>, in order to <strong>address the issues<\/strong> of rising <strong>pollution<\/strong>, <strong>global warming<\/strong>, <strong>depleting natural resources<\/strong>, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Even though the concept of EVs has been around for a long time, it gained momentum amid the <strong>concern of rising carbon footprint<\/strong> and other <strong>environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Indian Policies on EVs<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In <strong>2010<\/strong>, the <strong>Ministry of New and Renewable Energy<\/strong> (MNRE), announced a <strong>financial incentive for manufacturers for EVs<\/strong> sold in India.\n<ul>\n<li>The<strong> Rs 95-crore scheme<\/strong> envisaged<strong> incentives of up to 20 percent on ex-factory prices of vehicles<\/strong>, subject to a maximum limit.<\/li>\n<li>It was the <strong>first concrete decision<\/strong> to incentivize EVs. However, it was <strong>withdrawn <\/strong>by the MNRE in <strong>March 2012<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>2013<\/strong>, India unveiled the <strong>National Electric Mobility Mission Plan<\/strong> (NEMMP) <strong>2020<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>It aimed to make a major <strong>shift to EVs<\/strong> and to address the <strong>issues of national energy security<\/strong>, <strong>vehicular pollution,<\/strong> and the\u00a0<strong>growth of domestic manufacturing capabilities<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>It offered <strong>subsidies <\/strong>and created a <strong>supporting infrastructure<\/strong> for e-vehicles but the plan <strong>has not been implemented<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In the <strong>Union Budget 2015-16<\/strong>, the \u2018<strong>Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of EVs<\/strong>\u2019 (FAME) scheme was announced, with an initial outlay of <strong>Rs. 75 crore<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>It aimed to offer <strong>incentives for clean-fuel technology cars <\/strong>to boost their sales to up to <strong>7 million vehicles by 2020<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>2017<\/strong>, the Transport Ministry highlighted its <strong>intent to move to 100 percent electric cars <\/strong>by <strong>2030<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>However, the automobile industry raised concerns over the execution of such a plan, so the government subsequently<strong> diluted the plan to 30 percent<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>February 2019<\/strong>, the Union Cabinet cleared an <strong>Rs. 10,000-crore programme <\/strong>under the <strong>FAME-II scheme<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>Objective\n<ul>\n<li>To encourage faster adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles by offering <strong>upfront incentives on the purchase<\/strong> of EVs.<\/li>\n<li>Also by <strong>establishing the necessary charging infrastructure<\/strong> for EVs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:1080px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top; width:468.0pt\">\n<p><strong>Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>These are <strong>rechargeable batteries<\/strong> that use an <strong>intercalated lithium compound as one electrode material<\/strong>, compared to the metallic lithium used in a non-rechargeable lithium battery.\n<ul>\n<li>Intercalation is the reversible inclusion or insertion of a molecule into materials with layered structures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism:<\/strong> These consist of electrolyte, which allows for ionic movement, and the two electrodes.\n<ul>\n<li>Lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cfstatic.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/file_library\/mix_content\/406106396374712060_image.png\" style=\"height:332px; margin-left:250px; margin-right:250px; width:342px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(Image Courtesy: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/Schematic-of-the-Lithium-ion-battery_fig2_324929541\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>ResearchGate<\/em><\/a><em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Applications: <\/strong>Lithium cells are the building blocks of rechargeable batteries used for military, battery EVs, aerospace applications, laptops, and mobile phones, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Currently, <strong>India is heavily dependent on the import of these<\/strong> cells as the battery metal is available in India.\n<ul>\n<li>Globally, lithium-ion cell manufacturing is <strong>dominated by China<\/strong>, followed by <strong>the US<\/strong>, <strong>Thailand<\/strong>, <strong>Germany<\/strong>, <strong>Sweden,\u00a0<\/strong>and <strong>South Korea<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Source: IE<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;><\/p>\n<p><strong>In News<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Indian government is <strong>formulating a policy to institutionalize research and development on the next generation of battery technologies<\/strong> for <strong>Electric Vehicles<\/strong> (EVs).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Significance of the Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It will <strong>reduce India\u2019s dependence on other countries<\/strong> for its import.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>China<\/strong> is currently the <strong>leader in supplying lithium-ion batteries<\/strong> to the world, and <strong>India\u2019s EV industry is heavily dependent on import<\/strong> of the batteries.<\/li>\n<li>China also has <strong>stakes in strategic reserves of lithium mines in other countries<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The move to <strong>boost research and development <\/strong>(R&#038;D) <strong>on battery technology is significant<\/strong> in this context.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The policy is needed to <strong>find an integrated approach for the development of next-generation technology<\/strong> with <strong>proper coordination<\/strong> among all the key players.<\/li>\n<li>It will also give a <strong>boost to the research in the field of alternatives technologies<\/strong> like metal-ion, metal-air, hydrogen fuel cell, etc which has the <strong>potential to replace lithium-ion batteries<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mass production led by policy guidance could reduce the prices<\/strong> of the batteries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Concerns: <\/strong>India has very low strategic reserves on lithium; hence it is important to look for alternative technologies.\n<ul>\n<li>Lithium supply is going to be <strong>dependent on one or two countries<\/strong> in the future which can potentially lead to some <strong>strategic issues<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Suggestions:<\/strong> India should <strong>concentrate on lithium-ion alternative batteries<\/strong> and <strong>mining sector companies should explore opportunities abroad<\/strong> for acquiring assets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:1080px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top; width:468.0pt\">\n<p><strong>Electric Vehicles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An EV is a vehicle that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Benefits<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Seen as a possible<strong> replacement for current-generation automobiles<\/strong>, in order to <strong>address the issues<\/strong> of rising <strong>pollution<\/strong>, <strong>global warming<\/strong>, <strong>depleting natural resources<\/strong>, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Even though the concept of EVs has been around for a long time, it gained momentum amid the <strong>concern of rising carbon footprint<\/strong> and other <strong>environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Indian Policies on EVs<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In <strong>2010<\/strong>, the <strong>Ministry of New and Renewable Energy<\/strong> (MNRE), announced a <strong>financial incentive for manufacturers for EVs<\/strong> sold in India.\n<ul>\n<li>The<strong> Rs 95-crore scheme<\/strong> envisaged<strong> incentives of up to 20 percent on ex-factory prices of vehicles<\/strong>, subject to a maximum limit.<\/li>\n<li>It was the <strong>first concrete decision<\/strong> to incentivize EVs. However, it was <strong>withdrawn <\/strong>by the MNRE in <strong>March 2012<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>2013<\/strong>, India unveiled the <strong>National Electric Mobility Mission Plan<\/strong> (NEMMP) <strong>2020<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>It aimed to make a major <strong>shift to EVs<\/strong> and to address the <strong>issues of national energy security<\/strong>, <strong>vehicular pollution,<\/strong> and the\u00a0<strong>growth of domestic manufacturing capabilities<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>It offered <strong>subsidies <\/strong>and created a <strong>supporting infrastructure<\/strong> for e-vehicles but the plan <strong>has not been implemented<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In the <strong>Union Budget 2015-16<\/strong>, the \u2018<strong>Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of EVs<\/strong>\u2019 (FAME) scheme was announced, with an initial outlay of <strong>Rs. 75 crore<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>It aimed to offer <strong>incentives for clean-fuel technology cars <\/strong>to boost their sales to up to <strong>7 million vehicles by 2020<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>2017<\/strong>, the Transport Ministry highlighted its <strong>intent to move to 100 percent electric cars <\/strong>by <strong>2030<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>However, the automobile industry raised concerns over the execution of such a plan, so the government subsequently<strong> diluted the plan to 30 percent<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>February 2019<\/strong>, the Union Cabinet cleared an <strong>Rs. 10,000-crore programme <\/strong>under the <strong>FAME-II scheme<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>Objective\n<ul>\n<li>To encourage faster adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles by offering <strong>upfront incentives on the purchase<\/strong> of EVs.<\/li>\n<li>Also by <strong>establishing the necessary charging infrastructure<\/strong> for EVs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:1080px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top; width:468.0pt\">\n<p><strong>Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>These are <strong>rechargeable batteries<\/strong> that use an <strong>intercalated lithium compound as one electrode material<\/strong>, compared to the metallic lithium used in a non-rechargeable lithium battery.\n<ul>\n<li>Intercalation is the reversible inclusion or insertion of a molecule into materials with layered structures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism:<\/strong> These consist of electrolyte, which allows for ionic movement, and the two electrodes.\n<ul>\n<li>Lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cfstatic.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/file_library\/mix_content\/406106396374712060_image.png\" style=\"height:332px; margin-left:250px; margin-right:250px; width:342px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(Image Courtesy: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/Schematic-of-the-Lithium-ion-battery_fig2_324929541\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>ResearchGate<\/em><\/a><em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Applications: <\/strong>Lithium cells are the building blocks of rechargeable batteries used for military, battery EVs, aerospace applications, laptops, and mobile phones, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Currently, <strong>India is heavily dependent on the import of these<\/strong> cells as the battery metal is available in India.\n<ul>\n<li>Globally, lithium-ion cell manufacturing is <strong>dominated by China<\/strong>, followed by <strong>the US<\/strong>, <strong>Thailand<\/strong>, <strong>Germany<\/strong>, <strong>Sweden,\u00a0<\/strong>and <strong>South Korea<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Source: IE<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 In News The Indian government is formulating a policy to institutionalize research and development on the next generation of battery technologies for Electric Vehicles (EVs). Significance of the Policy It will reduce India\u2019s dependence on other countries for its import. China is currently the leader in supplying lithium-ion batteries to the world, and India\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1319516current-affairs (2).jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13850"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13850\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}