{"id":8288,"date":"2024-12-24T11:56:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-24T11:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/?p=8288"},"modified":"2024-12-26T16:35:20","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:35:20","slug":"central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/","title":{"rendered":"Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>The <strong>Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) <\/strong>stands as India&#8217;s premier investigative agency, known for its role in combating corruption, economic offenses, and significant criminal cases. Although surrounded by some criticisms and controversies, the CBI has evolved to become a symbol of integrity and thoroughness in law enforcement. This <strong>article of Next IAS<\/strong> aims to study in detail the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), its composition, structure, functions, challenges, and suggested reforms to enhance its effectiveness.<\/em><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_56_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#About_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"About Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)\">About Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Establishment_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation\" title=\"Establishment of Central Bureau of Investigation\">Establishment of Central Bureau of Investigation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Motto_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"Motto of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)\">Motto of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Mission_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation\" title=\"Mission of Central Bureau of Investigation \">Mission of Central Bureau of Investigation <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Vision_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation\" title=\"Vision of Central Bureau of Investigation\">Vision of Central Bureau of Investigation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Composition_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"Composition of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)\">Composition of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Director_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation\" title=\"Director of Central Bureau of Investigation\">Director of Central Bureau of Investigation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Appointment_of_Director_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"Appointment of Director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)\">Appointment of Director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Tenure_of_Director_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"Tenure of Director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)\">Tenure of Director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Appointment_of_Other_CBI_Officials\" title=\"Appointment of Other CBI Officials\">Appointment of Other CBI Officials<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Administrative_Control_over_CBI\" title=\"Administrative Control over CBI\">Administrative Control over CBI<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Organizational_Structure_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"Organizational Structure of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)\">Organizational Structure of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Directorate_of_Prosecution\" title=\"Directorate of Prosecution\">Directorate of Prosecution<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Functions_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"Functions of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)\">Functions of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Jurisdiction_of_CBI\" title=\"Jurisdiction of CBI\">Jurisdiction of CBI<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Provision_of_Prior_Permission\" title=\"Provision of Prior Permission\">Provision of Prior Permission<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#CBI_Vs_State_Police\" title=\"CBI Vs State Police\">CBI Vs State Police<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#General_Consent_Principle_for_CBI\" title=\"General Consent Principle for CBI\">General Consent Principle for CBI<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#General_Consent_of_State\" title=\"General Consent of State\">General Consent of State<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Case-Specific_Consent_of_State\" title=\"Case-Specific Consent of State\">Case-Specific Consent of State<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Supreme_Court_Judgments_on_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"Supreme Court Judgments on Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)\">Supreme Court Judgments on Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Challenges_faced_by_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"Challenges faced by Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)\">Challenges faced by Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Suggested_Measures_to_Enhance_Autonomy_of_CBI\" title=\"Suggested Measures to Enhance Autonomy of CBI\">Suggested Measures to Enhance Autonomy of CBI<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#What_is_the_difference_between_the_National_Investigative_Agency_NIA_and_the_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\" title=\"What is the difference between the National Investigative Agency (NIA) and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)?\">What is the difference between the National Investigative Agency (NIA) and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#What_are_the_Divisions_in_CBI\" title=\"What are the Divisions in CBI?\">What are the Divisions in CBI?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Under_which_Ministry_does_the_CBI_function\" title=\"Under which Ministry does the CBI function?\">Under which Ministry does the CBI function?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#When_was_the_CBI_established\" title=\"When was the CBI established?\">When was the CBI established?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/central-bureau-of-investigation-cbi\/#Where_is_the_CBI_Academy_located\" title=\"Where is the CBI Academy located?\">Where is the CBI Academy located?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5da68154e5c52d745954dc76dc66dfc5\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>About Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is a multidisciplinary investigation agency of the Government of India that investigates corruption-related cases, economic offences, and cases of conventional crime.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As India&#8217;s foremost investigative agency, it provides a centralized mechanism for high-quality investigations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f7c50425d9299054fc96d3956e517809\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Establishment_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation\"><\/span><strong>Establishment of Central Bureau of Investigation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The origin of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CSI) goes back to 1941 when the Government of India set up the Special Police Establishment to investigate cases of bribery and corruption in transactions with the War and Supply Department of India during World War II.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Even after the War, the need for a Central Government agency was felt to investigate cases of bribery and corruption by Central Government employees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Accordingly, the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act was brought into force in 1946, which transferred the superintendence of the Special Police Establishment to the Home Department and its functions were enlarged to cover all departments of the Government of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Later, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was established in 1963 by a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Through this resolution itself, the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) was merged with the CBI and made one of the divisions of the CBI.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Later, the CBI was transferred from the purview of the Ministry of Home Affairs to the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td>&#8211; Since the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has been established by a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs, it is <strong>neither a constitutional body nor a statutory body.<\/strong><br>&#8211; The CBI <strong>derives its powers from<\/strong> the <strong>Delhi Special Police Establishment Act of 1946.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7d9b8c92dfba1f523b64c0c6a3bd44c5\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Motto_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Motto of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Motto of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is <strong>\u201cIndustry, Impartiality and Integrity\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ac86e662d7dc9b4826eadf7f617d29b9\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mission_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation\"><\/span><strong>Mission of Central Bureau of Investigation <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mission of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To uphold the Constitution of India and the law of the land through in-depth investigation and successful prosecution of offenses,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To provide leadership and direction to police forces and to act as the nodal agency for enhancing inter-state and international cooperation in law enforcement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-459a46d014f13510ec85559087db7df0\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vision_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation\"><\/span><strong>Vision of Central Bureau of Investigation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Vision of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To combat corruption in public life, curb economic and violent crimes through meticulous investigation and prosecution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To evolve effective systems and procedures for successful investigation and prosecution of cases in various law courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To help fight cyber and high technology crimes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To create a healthy work environment that encourages team-building, free communication, and mutual trust.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To support state police organizations and law enforcement agencies in national and international cooperation, particularly relating to inquiries and investigation of cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To play a lead role in the war against national and transnational organized crime.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To uphold human rights, and protect the environment, arts, antiques, and heritage of our civilization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To develop a scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To strive for excellence and professionalism in all spheres of functioning so that the organization rises to high levels of endeavor and achievement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9c253ec0648dcb84be7d5345a37a96bf\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Composition_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Composition of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The composition of the CBI includes various ranks of officials to ensure its effective functioning, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Director of CBI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Special Director(s),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Additional Director(s),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Joint Directors,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deputy Inspector-Generals,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Superintendents of Police (SP),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All other usual ranks of police personnel,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forensic Scientists, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Law Officers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dce0af9b47ba00c2b509536a2889f080\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Director_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation\"><\/span><strong>Director of Central Bureau of Investigation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Director of CBI or the CBI Director is the head of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and is responsible for the administration of the organization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Director of CBI also acts as the Inspector General of Police of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e4a7b1deafc75881977ea01bf4442085\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Appointment_of_Director_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Appointment of Director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 amended the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946. As per this amendment, the Central Government shall appoint the Director of CBI on the recommendation of a <strong>three-member committee<\/strong> consisting of:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The<strong> Prime Minister<\/strong> as Chairperson<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Leader of Opposition<\/strong> in the Lok Sabha, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Chief Justice of India (CJI)<\/strong> or a Judge of the Supreme Court nominated by the CJI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Later, the Delhi Special Police Establishment (Amendment) Act, 2014 made one change in the composition of the committee related to the appointment of the Director of CBI.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Where there is <strong>no recognized Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha,<\/strong> then the <strong>leader of the single largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha<\/strong> would be a member of that committee.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-eddd4a78c3b0b3458b0d7d2ff8c4b9dc\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tenure_of_Director_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Tenure of Director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As per the <strong>CVC Act, 2003, <\/strong>the Director of CBI has a <strong>fixed tenure of 2 years.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Delhi Special Police Establishment (Amendment) Act, 2021<\/strong> provides for the <strong>extension of the tenure<\/strong> of the Director of CBl <strong>from 2 years to up to 5 years<\/strong>. However, the following points are to be noted w.r.t. this extension:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The extension can be given up to <strong>1 year at a time.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No such extension is possible after the completion of a period of 5 years in total, including the 2-year period of the initial appointment.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thus, in total, he\/she can be given three annual extensions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Such extensions may be granted in the public interest, on the recommendation of the Committee related to the initial appointment, and for the reasons to be recorded in writing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87b3c5dc552063eef7012442afa5bf86\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Appointment_of_Other_CBI_Officials\"><\/span><strong>Appointment of Other CBI Officials<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As per the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, as amended by the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, the <strong>officers of the rank of Superintendent of Police (SP) and above in the CBI (except the Director of CBI)<\/strong> are appointed by the Central Government <strong>on the recommendation of a committee<\/strong> consisting of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Central Vigilance Commissioner as Chairperson,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Vigilance Commissioners,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Secretary of the Home Ministry, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Secretary of the Department of Personnel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c96de0c6b8059b4ca8955620c682c09c\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Administrative_Control_over_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Administrative Control over CBI<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Overall, the CBI functions under the administrative control of the Department of Personnel, Ministry of Personnel, which falls under the Prime Minister\u2019s Office (PMO).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, the enactment of the CVC Act, 2003 made one change w.r.t. administrative control over the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE), which is one of the divisions within the CBI.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As per the CVC Act of 2003:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>superintendence of Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE)<\/strong> vests with the <strong>Central Government.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, <strong>w.r.t. investigations of offenses under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988,<\/strong> the superintendence over the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) vests with the <strong>Central Vigilance Commission (CVC).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9aba136b8039713de8be0d6380f2e167\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organizational_Structure_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Organizational Structure of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) consists of several divisions and units which perform a specialized function. The overall structure of the CBI can be seen as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcFlGBBVSPIA-C2iu5vWWVNKXjtSNPkVZAFcj4_nycJO-z_VD5NUMaMdyPZXtoseqX5jZVegOiUzFAEdpC5tpOsqJsAKOzVX9DbuEQFYnsRjqDnYThS40_90rCN_jOpahb0ZQgR9Gl7x6EdAHyN3vGwS4jk?key=2o6i1oEhlRatGLDPKTotGw\" alt=\"organizational structure of central bureau of investigation (cbi)\" style=\"width:385px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97d73ab4172d3955f5c8fefebf15ecf1\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Directorate_of_Prosecution\"><\/span><strong>Directorate of Prosecution<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 amended the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, and established a Directorate of Prosecution for conducting the prosecution of cases under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Directorate of Prosecution is headed by a Director of Prosecution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Director of Prosecution is appointed by the Central Government on the recommendation of the Central Vigilance Commission and functions under the overall supervision and control of the Director of CBI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28111a33a126203670d29735a7675cb4\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Functions_of_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Functions of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The functions of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To investigate the cases of corruption, bribery, and misconduct of Central Government employees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To investigate the cases relating to infringement of fiscal and economic laws, that is, breach of laws concerning export and import control, customs and central excise, income tax, foreign exchange regulations and so on.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To investigate serious crimes, having national and international ramifications, committed by organized gangs of &#8216;professional criminals\u2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To coordinate the activities of the anti-corruption agencies and the various State Police Forces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To take up any case of public importance for investigation at the request of a State Government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To maintain crime statistics and disseminate criminal information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Note<\/strong>: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) acts as the<strong> &#8220;National Central Bureau&#8221; <\/strong>of Interpol in India. The <strong>Interpol Wing of the CBI<\/strong> coordinates requests for investigation-related activities originating from Indian law enforcement agencies and the member countries of Interpol.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b0a126047cfe6a1a5a85524510626e06\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jurisdiction_of_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Jurisdiction of CBI<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The CBI undertakes investigation of cases related to corruption, economic offenses, as well as conventional crimes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, it, normally, confines its activities to the anti-corruption field to offenses committed by the employees of the Central Government and Union Territories (UTs) and their Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It takes up the investigation of conventional crimes like murder, kidnapping, rape, etc, on reference from the state governments or when directed by the Supreme Court\/High Courts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fd9aee16c27e6f6467b203e80f04bb85\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Provision_of_Prior_Permission\"><\/span><strong>Provision of Prior Permission<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is required to obtain the prior approval of the Central Government before conducting any inquiry or investigation into an offence committed by officers of the rank of Joint Secretary and above in the Central Government and its authorities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, in 2014, a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court held that <strong>Section 6A of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act,<\/strong> which makes prior sanction mandatory for the CBI to conduct a probe against officers of the rank of Joint Secretary and above in corruption cases under the Prevention of Corruption Act, as invalid on the ground of being violative of Article 14.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-08df4edbbc8f8e4db027783d3f184671\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBI_Vs_State_Police\"><\/span><strong>CBI Vs State Police<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The role of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (being a division of CBI) is supplementary to that of the State Police Forces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Along with State Police Forces, the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) enjoys the concurrent powers of investigation and prosecution for offenses under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, to avoid duplication and overlapping of cases between these two agencies, the following administrative arrangements have been made:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) shall take up such cases<\/strong> which are essentially and substantially <strong>concerned with the Central Government&#8217;s affairs or employees,<\/strong> even if they also involve certain employees of the State Government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>State Police<\/strong> force shall <strong>take up such cases<\/strong> which are substantially concerned with the <strong>affairs and employees of the State Government,<\/strong> even if they also involve certain employees of the Central Government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Delhi Special Police Establishment (DPSE)<\/strong> shall also take up <strong>cases against employees of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) or statutory bodies established and financed by the Central Government.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2354971afeea9489576a15cbe7dfdc82\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_Consent_Principle_for_CBI\"><\/span><strong>General Consent Principle for CBI<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The provisions of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 do not enable the CBI to exercise its powers and jurisdiction in any area in a State (not being a railway area) without the consent of the Government of that State.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, the jurisdiction of the CBI can be extended to the States only with the consent of the State Government concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>consent of the state government<\/strong> to CBI can be of <strong>two types:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a0ecb3baf239087ad2d7a106d4b7a98c\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_Consent_of_State\"><\/span><strong>General Consent of State<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The &#8220;General Consent&#8221; of a state to the CBI refers to a <strong>broad authorization given by a state government to investigate all cases within its borders, <\/strong>without needing to seek specific permission for each individual case.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In other words, it means consent for investing in a case by default.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This consent is typically granted under Section 6 of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The General Consent of a state allows the CBI to carry out a seamless investigation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18e728d4be4c4cca8c8e15eeebcb7dfc\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case-Specific_Consent_of_State\"><\/span><strong>Case-Specific Consent of State<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If any state has not given General Consent<\/strong> to the CBI, the <strong>CBI has to obtain permission from the state government for each specific case <\/strong>it intends to investigate within that state&#8217;s jurisdiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-00075526437d4768dc072c92974c4636\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supreme_Court_Judgments_on_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Supreme Court Judgments on Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Supreme Court has delivered several landmark judgments to protect the CBI from external interference and to enhance its professionalism and transparency. Some of these judgments are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vineet Narain vs. Union of India (1997)<\/strong> &#8211; In this judgment, the Supreme Court has laid down several steps to secure the autonomy of the CBI, such as the appointment of the CBI director by a high-powered committee, and the fixed tenure of two years for the CBI director.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Subramanian Swamy vs. Director, CBI (2014)<\/strong> &#8211; In this judgment, the Supreme Court quashed Section 6A of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, which required prior approval of the Central Government for inquiry or investigation into corruption cases against senior civil servants. The Supreme Court held that this provision was unconstitutional and violated Article 14 (equality before law) of the Constitution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Common Cause vs. Union of India (2018)<\/strong> &#8211; In this judgment, the Supreme Court upheld the validity of Section 4A of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, which provided for a selection committee comprising the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, and the Chief Justice of India or his nominee to appoint or remove the CBI director. The Supreme Court also directed that any transfer or change in the CBI director\u2019s duties should be done only with the prior consent of this committee.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38367e2466ef17d7d26a5dc8b301cb48\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_faced_by_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Challenges faced by Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The challenges faced by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Political Interference<\/strong> &#8211; Time and again, the CBI has been accused of being influenced by the political establishment and lacking true independence in its investigations.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Excessive political interference in its functioning has made the Supreme Court<\/strong> call the CBI a &#8220;<strong>caged parrot speaking in its master&#8217;s voice&#8221;.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Allegations of Bias<\/strong> &#8211; There have been allegations of the CBI being biased in its investigations, favoring certain political parties or individuals.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>There have been concerns about the selective nature of some of the CBI&#8217;s prosecutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Misuse by the Central Government &#8211;<\/strong> Critics argue that successive Central Governments have used the CBI to haunt political opponents and coerce state governments to fall in line.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accountability Issues<\/strong> &#8211; Questions have been raised about the CBI&#8217;s accountability mechanisms, with concerns about the lack of proper oversight and transparency in its functioning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shortage of Manpower and Resources<\/strong> &#8211; The agency has been plagued by a shortage of personnel, infrastructure, and financial resources, hampering its investigative capabilities.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This has led to challenges in handling the increasing workload and complexity of cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perception of Ineffectiveness<\/strong> &#8211; The CBI&#8217;s image has at times been tarnished by perceptions of ineffectiveness, particularly in high-profile cases or when its actions have been perceived as inadequate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This has led to a loss of public trust in the agency&#8217;s ability to deliver justice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Delayed Investigations<\/strong> &#8211; The CBI has been criticized for the slow pace of its investigations, leading to delays in justice and eroding public confidence.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Factors such as lack of resources, manpower, and procedural complexities have contributed to these delays.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a7303073b55a901d5bed0671aba9d487\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Suggested_Measures_to_Enhance_Autonomy_of_CBI\"><\/span><strong>Suggested Measures to Enhance Autonomy of CBI<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The 24th report of the Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice made the following recommendations to strengthen the functioning of the CBI:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Statutory Backing<\/strong> &#8211; A new CBI Act can be brought to replace the DSPE Act.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Act should clearly lay down the role, jurisdiction, and legal powers of the CBI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Increasing Staff Strength<\/strong> &#8211; The staff strength of the CBI should be increased to provide it with more human resources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Increasing Resources<\/strong> &#8211; Increasing the financial resources of the CBI and improving the agency&#8217;s infrastructure can help it function more effectively.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Increasing Jurisdiction<\/strong> &#8211; The CBI&#8217;s investigative powers across Union, State, and Concurrent lists could be enhanced to give it more teeth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other Measures<\/strong> &#8211; administrative empowerment, increased accountability, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d0adc4bd9eb2e9b9b187dc32f0e06642\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) stands as a crucial pillar in India&#8217;s criminal justice system. However, it is faced with several challenges, which hamper its effective functioning. Implementing the above-suggested reforms would be a significant step forward in reinforcing the credibility and effectiveness of the CBI as a vital institution within the Indian polity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-618812723183593a2c916a1fd5800128\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span><strong>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1717154903268\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_the_National_Investigative_Agency_NIA_and_the_Central_Bureau_of_Investigation_CBI\"><\/span><strong>What is the difference between the National Investigative Agency (NIA) and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>These two are two different investigation agencies with different mandates. While the NIA investigates cases related to terrorism and terror funding, the CBI investigates the crime of corruption, economic offenses, and serious and organized crimes other than terrorism.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1717154914148\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Divisions_in_CBI\"><\/span><strong>What are the Divisions in CBI?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>At present, the CBI has the following 7 Divisions:<br \/>&#8211; Anti-Corruption Division<br \/>&#8211; Economic Offences Division<br \/>&#8211; Special Crimes Division<br \/>&#8211; Policy and Coordination Division<br \/>&#8211; Administration Division<br \/>&#8211; Directorate of Prosecution<br \/>&#8211; Central Forensic Science Laboratory<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1717154957844\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Under_which_Ministry_does_the_CBI_function\"><\/span><strong>Under which Ministry does the CBI function?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), is functioning under Ministry of Personnel, Pension &amp; Public Grievances, Government of India.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1717154977664\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_was_the_CBI_established\"><\/span><strong>When was the CBI established?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The CBI was established on 1st April, 1963.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1717154987812\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_is_the_CBI_Academy_located\"><\/span><strong>Where is the CBI Academy located?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The CBI Academy is situated in <strong>Ghaziabad district of state of Uttar Pradesh.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) stands as India&#8217;s premier investigative agency, known for its role in combating corruption, economic offenses, and significant criminal cases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[71],"class_list":["post-8288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-polity","tag-gs-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8288"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8288\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15084,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8288\/revisions\/15084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}