{"id":7909,"date":"2024-05-16T10:51:15","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T10:51:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/?p=7909"},"modified":"2024-05-16T11:45:54","modified_gmt":"2024-05-16T11:45:54","slug":"sessions-of-parliament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/","title":{"rendered":"Sessions of Parliament"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>The <strong>Sessions of Parliament<\/strong> lie at the very core of the functioning of the Indian Parliament. They help organize and manage the multitude of tasks that the Parliament has to perform as the supreme legislative body of the country. This <strong>article of NEXT IAS <\/strong>aims to study in detail the Sessions of Parliament, their meaning, types, and related procedures, including summoning, prorogation, adjournment, quorum, voting, and other related concepts.<\/em><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_56_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Meaning_of_Session_of_Parliament\" title=\"Meaning of Session of Parliament\">Meaning of Session of Parliament<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Meaning_of_Session_of_Indian_Parliament\" title=\"Meaning of Session of Indian Parliament\">Meaning of Session of Indian Parliament<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Types_of_Sessions_of_Indian_Parliament\" title=\"Types of Sessions of Indian Parliament\">Types of Sessions of Indian Parliament<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Budget_Session\" title=\"Budget Session\">Budget Session<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Monsoon_Session\" title=\"Monsoon Session\">Monsoon Session<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Winter_Session\" title=\"Winter Session\">Winter Session<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Special_Sessions_of_Indian_Parliament\" title=\"Special Sessions of Indian Parliament\">Special Sessions of Indian Parliament<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Components_of_Sessions_of_Indian_Parliament\" title=\"Components of Sessions of Indian Parliament\">Components of Sessions of Indian Parliament<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Meetings\" title=\"Meetings\">Meetings<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Sittings\" title=\"Sittings\">Sittings<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Procedures_Used_During_Sessions_of_Parliament\" title=\"Procedures Used During Sessions of Parliament\">Procedures Used During Sessions of Parliament<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Summoning\" title=\"Summoning\">Summoning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Adjournment\" title=\"Adjournment\">Adjournment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Adjournment_Sine_Die\" title=\"Adjournment Sine Die\">Adjournment Sine Die<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Prorogation\" title=\"Prorogation\">Prorogation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Difference_between_Adjournment_and_Prorogation\" title=\"Difference between Adjournment and Prorogation\">Difference between Adjournment and Prorogation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Recess\" title=\"Recess\">Recess<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Dissolution\" title=\"Dissolution\">Dissolution<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Rules_Regarding_Lapsing_of_Bills_Upon_Dissolution_of_Lok_Sabha\" title=\"Rules Regarding Lapsing of Bills Upon Dissolution of Lok Sabha\">Rules Regarding Lapsing of Bills Upon Dissolution of Lok Sabha<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Quorum\" title=\"Quorum\">Quorum<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Voting_in_House\" title=\"Voting in House\">Voting in House<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Methods_of_Voting\" title=\"Methods of Voting\">Methods of Voting<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Voice_Vote\" title=\"Voice Vote\">Voice Vote<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Division\" title=\"Division\">Division<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Secret_Ballot\" title=\"Secret Ballot\">Secret Ballot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Recording_of_Votes_by_Distribution_of_Slips\" title=\"Recording of Votes by Distribution of Slips\">Recording of Votes by Distribution of Slips<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Physical_Count_of_Members_in_their_Places_Instead_of_a_Formal_Division\" title=\"Physical Count of Members in their Places Instead of a Formal Division\">Physical Count of Members in their Places Instead of a Formal Division<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Casting_Vote\" title=\"Casting Vote\">Casting Vote<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Lame-duck_Session\" title=\"Lame-duck Session\">Lame-duck Session<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Language_in_Parliament\" title=\"Language in Parliament\">Language in Parliament<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Who_presides_over_the_Joint_Session_of_the_Parliament\" title=\"Who presides over the Joint Session of the Parliament?\">Who presides over the Joint Session of the Parliament?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#In_Indias_Parliament_how_many_sessions_are_there\" title=\"In India&#8217;s Parliament, how many sessions are there?\">In India&#8217;s Parliament, how many sessions are there?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Is_it_mandatory_to_conduct_all_three_sessions_of_Parliament\" title=\"Is it mandatory to conduct all three sessions of Parliament?\">Is it mandatory to conduct all three sessions of Parliament?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/sessions-of-parliament\/#Which_is_the_longest_session_of_the_Parliament\" title=\"Which is the longest session of the Parliament?\">Which is the longest session of the Parliament?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34c9dbf2bdad70af8ebe35d2df24d3aa\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meaning_of_Session_of_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Meaning of Session of Parliament<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A \u2018<strong>Session of Parliament\u2019<\/strong> is the period during which the houses of the Parliament convene to conduct parliamentary businesses. In other words, a session represents the active period when the legislature is in operation, carrying out its functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ee70532c09cacc7bdf991e64ce0c86a2\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meaning_of_Session_of_Indian_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Meaning of Session of Indian Parliament<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A &#8220;Session of Indian Parliament&#8221; refers to a period during which both Houses of the Indian Parliament (the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha) meet to conduct parliamentary businesses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These sessions of the Indian Parliament provide a platform for the elected representatives to debate, discuss, and enact laws that shape the country&#8217;s governance and development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Note<\/strong>: The sessions of the Indian Parliament are governed by the <strong>Indian Constitution<\/strong> and the <strong>Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business<\/strong> in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cbad5c9732d90aaacfdb688ac5ab0ec7\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Sessions_of_Indian_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Types of Sessions of Indian Parliament<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no fixed Parliamentary Calendar in India. Article 85 of the Constitution only stipulates that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>President shall from time to time summon each House<\/strong> of the Parliament to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>maximum gap<\/strong> between two sessions of Parliament <strong>cannot be more than six months.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thus, the Parliament should meet at least twice a year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>President may from time to time prorogue<\/strong> the Houses or either House and <strong>dissolve <\/strong>the House of the People i.e. the Lok Sabh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By Convention, there are, usually, three sessions of the Indian Parliament in a year &#8211; Budget Session, Monsoon Session, and Winter Session.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6f4692bc3689c5caeb4772d38fdf5a51\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Budget_Session\"><\/span><strong>Budget Session<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Budget Session is the <strong>longest and most important session<\/strong> of the Parliament.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>primary focus<\/strong> of the Budget Session is the <strong>presentation, discussion, and passing of the Union Budget<\/strong>, which outlines the government&#8217;s revenue and expenditure plans for the upcoming fiscal year.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>However, other legislative business and debates also take place during this session.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Budget Session is generally held from <strong>February to May.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fdac0b834554c17e7711fd12e04e7442\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Monsoon_Session\"><\/span><strong>Monsoon Session<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>name <\/strong>&#8220;Monsoon Session&#8221; <strong>derives <\/strong>from the fact that it <strong>coincides with the Monsoon Season<\/strong> (Seasonal Rains) in India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>primary focus<\/strong> of the \u201cMonsoon Session\u201d is to <strong>conduct legislative<\/strong> business, including the passage of bills, discussions on important national issues, and scrutiny of government policies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Monsoon Session is generally held from <strong>July to September.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b61e87dda6d6955944b03c3994884827\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Winter_Session\"><\/span><strong>Winter Session<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Similar to the Monsoon Session, the <strong>primary objective<\/strong> of the Winter Session is to <strong>transact legislative business<\/strong> and prioritize urgent matters and bills.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Winter Session is generally held from <strong>November to December.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d9415b1b7e75fac35d40da14275405f3\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_Sessions_of_Indian_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Special Sessions of Indian Parliament<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the three regular sessions, the President of India can summon Special Sessions of Parliament, if necessary. These special sessions are typically called to <strong>address urgent or extraordinary matters <\/strong>that require the attention of the legislature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0c39b1c3b7d422984cfe16184d3ab6b3\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Components_of_Sessions_of_Indian_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Components of Sessions of Indian Parliament<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Various components of a session of Indian Parliament can be seen as follows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-095816d8c1b437d703570bbf94aa858d\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meetings\"><\/span><strong>Meetings<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A <strong>session <\/strong>of Parliament <strong>consists of many meetings<\/strong>, usually, each lasting for a day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A <strong>session <\/strong>can be defined in terms of a meeting as a broader timeframe, <strong>encompassing all the meetings held during a specific period.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8691aaa3502d3516a1d97a08c35d9864\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sittings\"><\/span><strong>Sittings<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Each meeting<\/strong> of a day consists of <strong>2 sittings:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Morning Sitting<\/strong>: It is held from <strong>11 AM to 1 PM<\/strong>, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Post-Lunch Sitting<\/strong>: It is held from <strong>2 PM to 6 PM<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c23f52548f27fef30030546f333d4ed7\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procedures_Used_During_Sessions_of_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Procedures Used During Sessions of Parliament<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>From beginning to end, various procedures are employed during the sessions of Parliament. These procedures help conduct the sessions in a planned and smooth way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The procedures employed during sessions of Parliament are discussed in detail in the sections that follow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b82a9963140a6c863ba4bd9b0bd44c6f\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summoning\"><\/span><strong>Summoning<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The summoning of Parliament in India refers to the <strong>formal process of calling all members of both houses,<\/strong> the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, to meet for a session.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>power to summon<\/strong> Parliament rests with the <strong>President of India<\/strong>. However, he has to do this based <strong>on the recommendation of the Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs decides on the timing and duration of sessions based on the legislative agenda.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Once the final decision is taken by the Committee, the <strong>President of India issues the official summon,<\/strong> calling the Members of Parliament (MPs) to assemble for the Parliamentary Session.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During a session, the House meets every day to transact business.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As per the Constitutional provision, the <strong>maximum gap between two sessions<\/strong> of Parliament <strong>cannot be more than six months.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In other words, the Parliament should meet <strong>at least twice a year.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7feeba934ffa3149aa8f97eb4d24e0b0\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adjournment\"><\/span><strong>Adjournment<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The term \u201c<strong>Adjournment<\/strong>\u201d means<strong> to suspend the work in a sitting for a specified time,<\/strong> which may be hours, days or weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c341e7785de4e368eb0ef0947d5dcffc\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adjournment_Sine_Die\"><\/span><strong>Adjournment Sine Die<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The term \u201c<strong>Adjournment Sine Die<\/strong>\u201d means <strong>terminating a sitting<\/strong> of Parliament<strong> for an indefinite period.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In other words, when the House is <strong>adjourned without naming a day for reassembly,<\/strong> it is called Adjournment Sine Die.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td>&#8211; The <strong>power of Adjournment<\/strong> as well as <strong>Adjournment Sine Die<\/strong> lies with the <strong>Presiding Officer <\/strong>of the House i.e. Speaker or Chairman.<br>&#8211; The Presiding Officer <strong>can also call a sitting<\/strong> of the House before the date or time to which it has been adjourned or at any time after the House has been Adjourned Sine Die.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8adef480213de34203901aa26e08a8f6\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prorogation\"><\/span><strong>Prorogation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The term &#8220;<strong>Prorogation<\/strong>&#8221; refers to the <strong>formal ending of a session<\/strong> of either House of Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha) <strong>by the President of India.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thus, a <strong>&#8216;session&#8217; of Parliament <\/strong>can be defined as the <strong>period <\/strong>spanning <strong>between <\/strong>the<strong> first sitting<\/strong> of a House and its prorogation (or dissolution in the case of the Lok Sabha).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Presiding Officer (Speaker or Chairman)<\/strong> declares the House <strong>Adjourned Sine Die<\/strong> when the business of a session is completed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thereafter, the <strong>President <\/strong>issues a notification for <strong>Prorogation of the session<\/strong> within the next few days.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>However, the President can also prorogue the House while in session.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-df336a20643b71d10b953a9220793eb5\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_between_Adjournment_and_Prorogation\"><\/span><strong>Difference between Adjournment and Prorogation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The specific differences between <strong>Adjournment and Prorogation<\/strong> can be seen in the following table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Adjournment\u00a0<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Prorogation\u00a0<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>It <strong>only terminates a sitting<\/strong> and <strong>not <\/strong>a <strong>session <\/strong>of the House.&nbsp;<\/td><td>It not only <strong>terminates <\/strong>a <strong>sitting <\/strong>but <strong>also <\/strong>a <strong>session <\/strong>of the House.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>It is <strong>done by the Presiding Officer <\/strong>of the House.<\/td><td>It is <strong>done by the President<\/strong> of India.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>It <strong>does not affect the bills or any other business pending<\/strong> before the House and the same can be resumed when the House meets again.<\/td><td>It also <strong>does not affect the bills or any other business pending<\/strong> before the House. <strong>However<\/strong>, <strong>all pending notices (other than those for introducing bills) lapse<\/strong> on prorogation and fresh notices have to be given for the next session.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b21052e01fea5041851effcc2e24511b\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recess\"><\/span><strong>Recess<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>period <\/strong>spanning between the prorogation of a House and its reassembly in a new session is called &#8216;recess&#8217;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This is, basically, the time gap between the two consecutive sessions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a01ca701a14accc9514ce59acddef591\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dissolution\"><\/span><strong>Dissolution<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The term \u201cDissolution\u201d refers to the <strong>formal termination of<\/strong> the Lower House of the Parliament, i.e. <strong>Lok Sabha.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A Dissolution <strong>ends the very life of the existing House,<\/strong> and a new House is constituted after general elections are held.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is to be noted that the<strong> Rajya Sabha,<\/strong> being a permanent House, is <strong>not subject to dissolution.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thus, <strong>only <\/strong>the<strong> Lok Sabha<\/strong> is subject to dissolution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The<strong> dissolution of the Lok Sabha <\/strong>may take place in either of two ways:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Automatic Dissolution<\/strong> &#8211; It occurs on the <strong>expiry of its tenure of five years<\/strong> or the terms as extended during a National Emergency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dissolution by President <\/strong>&#8211; The President of India is authorised to dissolve the House even before the completion of its normal tenure.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Once the President decides to dissolve the Lok Sabha, the <strong>dissolution is irrevocable.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-132d6addd74c71a48b50392b19ab4368\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rules_Regarding_Lapsing_of_Bills_Upon_Dissolution_of_Lok_Sabha\"><\/span><strong>Rules Regarding Lapsing of Bills Upon Dissolution of Lok Sabha<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When the Lok Sabha is dissolved, most of the bills and all other business including, motions, resolutions, notices, petitions and so on pending before it or its committees lapse.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In order to be pursued, they must be reintroduced in the newly constituted Lok Sabha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>However, some pending bills <\/strong>and all pending assurances that are to be examined by the Committee on Government Assurances <strong>do NOT lapse<\/strong> on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>position with respect to the lapsing of bills <\/strong>is as follows:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Bills that Lapse<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Bills that Don\u2019t Lapse<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>&#8211; A bill pending in the Lok Sabha, whether originating in the Lok Sabha or transmitted to it by the Rajya Sabha.<br>&#8211; A bill passed by the Lok Sabha, but pending in the Rajya Sabha.\u00a0<\/td><td>&#8211; A bill not passed by the two Houses due to disagreement and for which the President has notified the holding of a joint sitting before the dissolution of Lok Sabha.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><br>&#8211; A bill is pending in the Rajya Sabha but not passed by the Lok Sabha.<br>&#8211; A bill passed by both Houses but pending assent of the President.<br>&#8211; A bill passed by both Houses but returned by the President for reconsideration of Houses.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bcd58047f3fe0e0fba841581665c7581\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quorum\"><\/span><strong>Quorum<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The term \u2018<strong>Quorum<\/strong>\u2019 refers to the <strong>minimum number of members required to be present in the House before it can transact any business.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is <strong>1\/10th of the total number of members <\/strong>in each House (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) including the Presiding Officer of the House.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thus, the Quorum for each House of the Parliament can be seen as follows:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For the <strong>Lok Sabha,<\/strong> Quorum = 545\/10 = 54.5 \u2261 <strong>55<\/strong><br>a. Thus, at least 55 members must be present in the Lok Sabha for it to be able to transact any business.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For the <strong>Rajya Sabha,<\/strong> Quorum = 250\/10 = <strong>25<\/strong><br>a. Thus, at least 25 members must be present in the Rajya Sabha for it to be able to transact any business.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If there is <strong>no Quorum<\/strong> during a meeting of the House, it is the <strong>duty of the Presiding Officer either to adjourn<\/strong> the House <strong>or to suspend the meeting<\/strong> until there is a Quorum in the House.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7cc6f4e27277ab0fca4eee27d7414d84\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voting_in_House\"><\/span><strong>Voting in House<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Any matter at any sitting of either House or joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament is decided by a specific <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/types-of-majorities\/\"><strong>type of majority<\/strong><\/a> of votes as per the nature of the matter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The following points are to be noted w.r.t. voting during a parliamentary procedure:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Presiding Officer of a House does not vote in the first instance but exercises a casting vote in the case of an equality of votes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The proceedings of a House are to be valid irrespective of any unauthorised voting or participation or any vacancy in its membership.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6020633d7ffff7048f253c346a968f93\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Methods_of_Voting\"><\/span><strong>Methods of Voting<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The various methods adopted for voting in the Lok Sabha are explained below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1737c9b46a5404604c03f8728350b4b5\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voice_Vote\"><\/span><strong>Voice Vote<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the Voice Vote method, the members who are in favour of the motion being voted upon say &#8216;Aye&#8217; and those against the motion say &#8216;No&#8217;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The presiding officer listens to the volume of the voices voting &#8220;Aye&#8221; and &#8220;No&#8221; and makes a determination based on which side is louder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, this decision is subjective and relies on the officer\u2019s judgment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2dbab00615950d8f360b8a10a4022a26\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Division\"><\/span><strong>Division<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Under the Division method of voting, votes are recorded by either of the following three methods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>By operating the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By distributing &#8216;Ayes&#8217; and &#8216;Noes&#8217; slips in the House,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By members going into the Lobbies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e33a897fea77475640c29d9a421ca3dd\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Secret_Ballot\"><\/span><strong>Secret Ballot<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Secret Ballot method of voting is used during certain key procedures to <strong>ensure the confidentiality of each member&#8217;s vote.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As opposed to Open Voting, where the individual votes can be seen by all the members, Secret Ballot voting ensures that the <strong>individual votes don\u2019t get revealed to any other member.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In an <strong>Open Voting, the individual results are shown in 3 colours:<\/strong> Green for &#8216;Ayes&#8217;, Red for &#8216;Noes&#8217; and Yellow for &#8216;Abstain&#8217; on the Individual Result Display Panel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In <strong>Secret Ballot Voting<\/strong>, on the other hand, the Individual Result Display Panel <strong>flashes only a white light<\/strong> to show that the vote has been recorded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-eee75a197275d89fdf51f3dbf91c0c78\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recording_of_Votes_by_Distribution_of_Slips\"><\/span><strong>Recording of Votes by Distribution of Slips<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Members are given two slips: \u2018Aye\u2019 and \u2018No\u2019. Members choose either of the two slips as per their decision. These slips are, then, collected and total \u2018Ayes\u2019 and total \u2018Noes\u2019 are counted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6db378eb2bd32e729b9058a534ba27cc\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_Count_of_Members_in_their_Places_Instead_of_a_Formal_Division\"><\/span><strong>Physical Count of Members in their Places Instead of a Formal Division<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If in the opinion of the Speaker, a Division is unnecessarily claimed, he\/she may ask the members who are for &#8216;Ayes&#8217; and those for &#8216;Noes&#8217;, respectively, to rise in their places and on a count being takes, he\/she may declare the determination of the House.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In such a case, the particulars of the voting of the members are not recorded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-289515166531a33c46bde8bd15366eb9\" style=\"color:#ff6a00\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Casting_Vote\"><\/span><strong>Casting Vote<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If in a Division, the number of &#8216;Ayes&#8217; and &#8216;Noes&#8217; is equal, the question is decided by the casting vote of the Speaker.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As per the Constitutional provisions, the Presiding Officer of the House cannot vote in the first instance. He\/she has only a casting vote which he\/she must exercise in the case of equality of votes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-36cf0640fcb0ae47481ce3a2e9f15101\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lame-duck_Session\"><\/span><strong>Lame-duck Session<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lame-duck Session refers to the <strong>last session of the preceding Lok Sabha<\/strong> after a new Lok Sabha has been elected.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Those members of the preceding Lok Sabha who could not get re-elected to the new Lok Sabha are called <strong>lame-ducks.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77da208463baec3cecad5f5aef27ea71\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Language_in_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Language in Parliament<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indian Constitution has declared <strong>Hindi and English<\/strong> to be the <strong>languages for transacting business in the Parliament.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Though <strong>English was to be discontinued<\/strong> as a floor language the expiration of fifteen years from the commencement of the Constitution (that is, in 1965), but the <strong>Official Languages Act of 1963 allowed English to be continued<\/strong> along with Hindi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is to be noted that the <strong>Presiding Officer can permit a Member <\/strong>of Parliament <strong>to address<\/strong> the House <strong>in his\/her mother tongue,<\/strong> which can be other than Hindi or English.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d0adc4bd9eb2e9b9b187dc32f0e06642\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Session of Parliament is a critical component of the country&#8217;s democratic governance. It provides a platform for elected representatives to debate, discuss, and enact laws that shape the nation&#8217;s development and address the concerns of its citizens. They are the primary vehicles, which enable the smooth and effective functioning of the Parliament, thus helping the country&#8217;s democratic progress and the realization of its developmental aspirations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-618812723183593a2c916a1fd5800128\" style=\"color:#015aa7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span><strong>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1715855753170\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_presides_over_the_Joint_Session_of_the_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Who presides over the Joint Session of the Parliament?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The President of India presides over the Joint Session of the Parliament.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1715855758828\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_Indias_Parliament_how_many_sessions_are_there\"><\/span><strong>In India&#8217;s Parliament, how many sessions are there?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>There are a total of 3 sessions in the Indian Parliament.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1715855771506\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_it_mandatory_to_conduct_all_three_sessions_of_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Is it mandatory to conduct all three sessions of Parliament?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Constitution of India provides for three sessions of the Parliament in a year, but it is not mandatory to conduct all three sessions. Also, there is no minimum number of days that the Parliament is required to meet in a year.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1715855789236\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_is_the_longest_session_of_the_Parliament\"><\/span><strong>Which is the longest session of the Parliament?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Budget Session is the longest session of the Parliament.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Sessions of Parliament lie at the very core of the functioning of the Indian Parliament.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":7914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[71],"class_list":["post-7909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-polity","tag-gs-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7909"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7928,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7909\/revisions\/7928"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}