{"id":17769,"date":"2025-04-30T09:55:51","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T09:55:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/?p=17769"},"modified":"2025-08-25T10:25:06","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T10:25:06","slug":"%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0940 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 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<strong>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e, \u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_56_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80\/#%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82\" title=\"\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902\">\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80\/#%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81\" title=\"\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\">\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li 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href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80\/#%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE\" title=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 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class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80\/#%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97\" title=\"\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0939\u0941\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917\">\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0939\u0941\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80\/#%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF\" title=\"\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\">\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7\" title=\"\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\">\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80\/#%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\" title=\"\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0940\">\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0940<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80\/#%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7\" title=\"\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82\"><\/span><strong>\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0940 7 \u092e\u0908, 2025 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0915\u0935\u093f, \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 164\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e 7 \u092e\u0908, 1861 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0947 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 1913 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 <strong>\u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0928 \u0917\u0923 \u092e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u094b\u0902\u091a\u0940\u0936\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0916 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0920, \u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0902\u091a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0927\u0942\u092e\u0927\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81\"><\/span><strong>\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u093e-\u092c\u0938\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e, \u0909\u092a\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81\"><\/span><strong>\u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f (Gitanjali &#8211; Song Offerings):<\/strong> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 1913 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 (Sonar Tari &#8211; The Golden Boat)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u0940 (Manasi)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e (Balaka)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8\"><\/span><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093e (Gora): <\/strong>\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e, \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0918\u0930\u0947-\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0930\u0947 (Ghare-Baire &#8211; The Home and the World):<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u094b\u0916\u0947\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0940 (Chokher Bali):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0918\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e (Shesher Kabita): <\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95\"><\/span><strong>\u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u0915\u0918\u0930 (Dak Ghar &#8211; The Post Office):<\/strong> \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0930\u092c\u0940 (Raktakarabi &#8211; Red Oleanders):<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u091a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0928 (Achalayatan)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4\"><\/span>\u0917\u0940\u0924<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2,000 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0940\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u091c\u0928 \u0917\u0923 \u092e\u0928 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u0906\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908, \u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE\"><\/span><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915, \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC\"><\/span><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924:\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c\u093c<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0940, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0927 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e \u201c\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u0928 \u092d\u092f\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u201d (Where the mind is without fear) \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97\"><\/span><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0939\u0941\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1919 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 &#8216;\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0939\u0941\u0921&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u094c\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF\"><\/span><strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u0930\u0916\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7\"><\/span><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0940\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0925\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915, \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80\"><\/span><strong>\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0940<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930 (\u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td>7 \u092e\u0908, 1861<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094b, \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0924\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 (\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e), \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0926\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 (\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u0935\u093f, \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u0909\u092a\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f, \u0917\u094b\u0930\u093e, \u0918\u0930-\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0947, \u091a\u094b\u0916\u0947\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0921\u093e\u0915\u0918\u0930<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 (1913)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0928 (<em>\u091c\u0928 \u0917\u0923 \u092e\u0928<\/em>) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0928 (<em>\u0906\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>1921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0915; 1919 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0939\u0941\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u0940<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941<\/strong><\/td><td>7 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924, 1941, \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0924\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8220;\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0926\u0947\u0935&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924; \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0924<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7\"><\/span><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7 \u092e\u0908, 2025 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0930\u0935\u0940\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0927\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e, 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\u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":20608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[836,831,834],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biography","category-important-days-and-dates","category-national"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17769"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20789,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17769\/revisions\/20789"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}