{"id":15303,"date":"2026-04-21T06:38:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T06:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/?p=15303"},"modified":"2026-04-21T13:41:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:41:10","slug":"bal-gangadhar-tilak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/","title":{"rendered":"Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Biography &amp; Role in Indian Nationalism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Bal Gangadhar Tilak, <\/strong>popularly known as <strong>Lokmanya<\/strong>, was a prominent leader of India\u2019s freedom struggle and a pioneer of Indian nationalism. He is remembered for his call for Swaraj, his efforts to unite the masses, and his revolutionary contributions to the independence movement or one of the persons who contributed to the revolutionary movement in India. This article aims to study in detail the life, ideology, and contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak to India\u2019s freedom struggle and his lasting impact on the nation.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_56_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#About_Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak\" title=\"About Bal Gangadhar Tilak\">About Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#Biography_of_Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak\" title=\"Biography of Bal Gangadhar Tilak\">Biography of Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#The_Lokmanya_Tilak_National_Award\" title=\"The Lokmanya Tilak National Award\">The Lokmanya Tilak National Award<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#Role_of_Lokmanya_Tilak_in_Indian_Nationalism\" title=\"Role of Lokmanya Tilak in Indian Nationalism\">Role of Lokmanya Tilak in Indian Nationalism<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#Religious_and_Cultural_Revivalism\" title=\"Religious and Cultural Revivalism\">Religious and Cultural Revivalism<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#Home_Rule_Movement_and_Political_Contributions\" title=\"Home Rule Movement and Political Contributions\">Home Rule Movement and Political Contributions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#Contributions_of_Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak\" title=\"Contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak\">Contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#Ideology_of_Lokmanya_Tilak\" title=\"Ideology of Lokmanya Tilak\">Ideology of Lokmanya Tilak<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/#FAQs_on_Lokmanya_Tilak\" title=\"FAQs on Lokmanya Tilak\">FAQs on Lokmanya Tilak<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak\"><\/span><strong>About Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bal Gangadhar Tilak, born on <strong>23rd July 1856<\/strong> in a Maharashtrian Brahmin family in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, is remembered as one of India\u2019s greatest freedom fighters and a pioneer of Indian nationalism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilak was often called the <strong>\u201cFather of Indian Unrest\u201d<\/strong> by the British and <strong>\u201cMaker of Modern India\u201d<\/strong> by Mahatma Gandhi.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>&#8220;Father of Indian Unrest&#8221;:<\/strong> A title given by British author Valentine Chirol, in his book &#8211; Indian Unrest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fondly known as Lokmanya ((Meaning &#8220;Accepted by the people.&#8221;), or the <strong>uncrowned king of India<\/strong>, was a multifaceted personality, an educationist, nationalist, social reformer, and journalist.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His clarion call for Swaraj and his unique blend of religion with politics established him as a leader of the masses, inspiring countless Indians to join the freedom struggle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biography_of_Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak\"><\/span><strong>Biography of Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tilak graduated from Deccan College in Poona and later earned a law degree from Government Law College.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, instead of practising law, he dedicated himself to the cause of education and social reform.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His belief that education was a powerful tool for national awakening led him to establish the <strong>Poona New English School <\/strong>in 1880, followed by the <strong>Deccan Educational Society and Fergusson College, <\/strong>in collaboration with his contemporaries like Gopal Ganesh Agarkar and Vishnushastri Chiplunkar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Lokmanya_Tilak_National_Award\"><\/span><strong>The Lokmanya Tilak National Award<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was Instituted in 1983 by Tilak Smarak Mandir Trust.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is an annual honor presented on the death anniversary (1 August) of Tilak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It honors individuals who contribute extraordinarily to national development and progress.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It includes a prize of Rs. 1 lakh, a memento, and a citation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Recipients:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>2025:<\/strong> Union Minister Nitin Gadkari, for his work in transforming India&#8217;s infrastructure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2024:<\/strong> Author and social worker Sudha Murty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other Recipients:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prime Minister Narendra Modi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pranab Mukherjee,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atal Bihari Vajpayee,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indira Gandhi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manmohan Singh, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cyrus Poonawalla<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_Lokmanya_Tilak_in_Indian_Nationalism\"><\/span><strong>Role of Lokmanya Tilak in Indian Nationalism<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tilak was one of the first leaders to demand complete independence (Swaraj) from British rule, famously declaring, <strong>\u201cSwaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it.\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His political ideology diverged sharply from the moderate politics of the Indian National Congress at the time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alongside <strong>Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, <\/strong>he formed the <strong>Lal-Bal-Pal trio, <\/strong>which championed an extremist approach toward achieving independence, emphasizing direct action and self-reliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilak\u2019s fiery articles in newspapers like <strong>Kesari <\/strong>(Marathi) and <strong>Maharatta <\/strong>(English) galvanized the masses against British atrocities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His boldness led to several imprisonments, including one for sedition after he defended revolutionaries in the <strong>Muzaffarpur bomb case.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Religious_and_Cultural_Revivalism\"><\/span><strong>Religious and Cultural Revivalism<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tilak skillfully used religious symbols and festivals to unite people and foster nationalism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He popularised the <strong>Ganesh Utsav and Shivaji Festival,<\/strong> which became platforms for mass mobilization and spreading anti-British sentiment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This approach blended cultural pride with political awakening, making him a leader revered across social and economic divides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Home_Rule_Movement_and_Political_Contributions\"><\/span><strong>Home Rule Movement and Political Contributions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tilak\u2019s contribution to the <strong>Home Rule Movement,<\/strong> launched in 1916 with <strong>Annie Besant,<\/strong> was another landmark in his political career.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The movement sought self-government within the British Empire and intensified nationalist fervour nationwide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilak also played a significant role in bridging the divide between the Congress Party&#8217;s moderates and extremists, particularly after the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/surat-split-of-1907\/\"><strong>Surat Split of 1907<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His efforts in uniting diverse factions within the freedom struggle underscored his strategic acumen and deep commitment to India\u2019s independence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contributions_of_Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak\"><\/span><strong>Contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Contribution Area<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Asserted Swaraj (Self-rule)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">First leader to proclaim \u201cSwaraj is my birthright and I shall have it\u201d .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mass Mobilization<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Popularised Ganesh Utsav and Shivaji Jayanti as public festivals for unity .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Extremist Leadership<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Formed the \u201cLal-Bal-Pal\u201d trio; advocated assertive, direct action in Congress .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Swadeshi &amp; Boycott Movements<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Key leader in Swadeshi, Boycott during Anti-Partition of Bengal (1905) .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Journalism<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Started Kesari (Marathi) &amp; Mahratta (English) to spread nationalist sentiments .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Texts<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">During his imprisonment in Mandalay, he wrote <strong>Gita Rahasya.<\/strong><br><br>He also authored <strong>The Arctic Home in the Vedas.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Home Rule Movement<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Founded Home Rule League (1916) for wider agitation, with Annie Besant .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Social &amp; Educational Reform<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Advocated for national education and uplift of society .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hindu-Muslim Unity<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Signed Lucknow Pact (1916) with Jinnah for joint demands from British .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cultural Nationalism<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Revived festivals; used cultural symbols for political awakening .<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Legacy<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Inspired mass nationalism; called \u201cMaker of Modern India\u201d by Gandhi .<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#deeded\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Tilak Swaraj Fund<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tilak Swaraj Fund was established by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 after the death of legend Bal Gangadhar Tilak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Fund was aimed to support the Non cooperation movement in 1920-21, and to promote indigenous goods (Khadi) etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was aimed to collect 1 crore rupees to support freedom struggles and national education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ideology_of_Lokmanya_Tilak\"><\/span><strong>Ideology of Lokmanya Tilak<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tilak\u2019s ideology revolved around the following principles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Swaraj (Self-Rule): <\/strong>He was the first to articulate the demand for complete independence as India\u2019s ultimate political goal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mass Movement: <\/strong>Tilak believed in involving the masses in the freedom struggle, making him a forerunner of Gandhian politics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Educational Reform: <\/strong>Tilak emphasised quality education as a means to awaken the national consciousness and empower the youth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cultural Nationalism: <\/strong>By using cultural symbols and festivals, he aimed to instil pride and unity among Indians.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Legacy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Educational Pioneer: <\/strong>Tilak founded institutions like <strong>Poona New English School and Fergusson College, <\/strong>promoting education as a social and political reform tool.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mass Mobilization: <\/strong>His use of festivals for political purposes brought people together in unprecedented ways.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Revolutionary Politics:<\/strong> Tilak\u2019s extremism introduced a new dimension to the freedom struggle, inspiring young revolutionaries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Home Rule League: <\/strong>Along with Annie Besant, he mobilised the country through this league, which laid the groundwork for later independence movements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bal Gangadhar Tilak\u2019s unparalleled contribution to India\u2019s freedom struggle made him a towering figure in Indian history. His relentless efforts to unite the masses, visionary educational initiatives, and fiery nationalism laid the foundation for future leaders like Mahatma Gandhi to build upon. Remembered as the Father of Indian Nationalism, Tilak\u2019s legacy inspires generations to work toward a free and equitable society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_on_Lokmanya_Tilak\"><\/span><strong>FAQs on Lokmanya Tilak<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1736230545985\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Who was Lokmanya Tilak?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Lokmanya Tilak, also known as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, was a prominent Indian nationalist, freedom fighter, and social reformer. He was a key leader in the Indian independence movement and is remembered as the &#8220;Father of Indian Unrest.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1736230554513\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>What is Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak famous for?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Tilak is famous for his slogan, &#8220;Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it,&#8221; his efforts to unite Indians through festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi, and his leadership in the Swadeshi and Home Rule Movements.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1736230583632\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>What are the four principles of Bal Gangadhar Tilak?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Tilak\u2019s principles included:<br \/>&#8211; Swaraj (self-rule),<br \/>&#8211; Swadeshi (use of indigenous goods),<br \/>&#8211; National Unity (fostering unity among Indians), and<br \/>&#8211; Social Reform (uplifting society through education and equality).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bal Gangadhar Tilak, popularly known as Lokmanya, was a prominent leader of India\u2019s freedom struggle and a pioneer of Indian nationalism.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":23689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[818,839],"tags":[73],"class_list":["post-15303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-modern-india","tag-gs-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15303"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15303\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23683,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15303\/revisions\/23683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15303"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15303"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}