{"id":19459,"date":"2025-07-21T06:42:20","date_gmt":"2025-07-21T06:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/?post_type=web-story&#038;p=19459"},"modified":"2025-07-26T08:01:02","modified_gmt":"2025-07-26T08:01:02","slug":"chandrayaan-2","status":"publish","type":"web-story","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/web-stories\/chandrayaan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Chandrayaan-2: Launch &#038; Components, Mission Aim &#038; More"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><html amp=\"\" lang=\"en\"><head><meta charSet=\"utf-8\"\/><meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1\"\/><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ampproject.org\/v0.js\"><\/script><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ampproject.org\/v0\/amp-story-1.0.js\" custom-element=\"amp-story\"><\/script><link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?display=swap&amp;family=Roboto%3Awght%40700\" rel=\"stylesheet\"\/><link 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poster-portrait-src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Cover-size-for-Web-stories-2.png\"><amp-story-page id=\"cba3b9f3-21b6-4eec-91b9-5458eef9ff64\" auto-advance-after=\"2s\"><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:#c3bebb\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-a1ccad69-5a7e-4e92-8fd2-e42b8bbef6ca\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Web-Stories-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"Chandrayaan-2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Web-Stories-1-1.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Web-Stories-1-1-864x1536.jpg 864w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Web-Stories-1-1-768x1365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Web-Stories-1-1-576x1024.jpg 576w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Web-Stories-1-1-150x267.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Web-Stories-1-1-145x258.jpg 145w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 45vh, 100vw\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:3.39806%;top:-3.8835%;width:11.65049%;height:7.76699%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-b94359ac-c581-409c-849e-8020e1d0371a\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100.00004%;left:0%;top:-0.00002%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Untitled-design-5-1.png\" alt=\"Untitled design 5\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:6.06796%;top:12.78317%;width:87.86408%;height:9.70874%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.5524861878453038% 0.5524861878453038% 0.5524861878453038% 0.5524861878453038% \/ 3.3333333333333335% 3.3333333333333335% 3.3333333333333335% 3.3333333333333335%\" id=\"el-b32d1759-1240-4fc0-935d-96d75a2e57f1\">\n<h1 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.20200276243093904% 0;font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;,sans-serif;font-size:0.841424em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: 700; color: #fff\">Chandrayaan-2<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"c4ee04d5-8300-45b0-81ff-4a46d69e445f\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script type=\"application\/json\">[{\"selector\":\"#anim-855c8e0b-cd08-4a85-88d7-113376e2400a\",\"keyframes\":{\"opacity\":[0,1]},\"delay\":0,\"duration\":600,\"easing\":\"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)\",\"fill\":\"both\"}]<\/script><\/amp-story-animation><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script type=\"application\/json\">[{\"selector\":\"#anim-0ec372b2-ea10-4c67-8248-fade60759df7 [data-leaf-element=\\\"true\\\"]\",\"keyframes\":{\"transform\":[\"translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)\",\"translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)\"]},\"delay\":0,\"duration\":2000,\"fill\":\"forwards\"}]<\/script><\/amp-story-animation><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:#04284b\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div id=\"anim-0ec372b2-ea10-4c67-8248-fade60759df7\" class=\"animation-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-bdaadeaf-23a8-46cf-972b-cac932bed1d9\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/22.png\" alt=\"chandrayaan-2 launch july 2019\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/22.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/22-864x1536.png 864w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/22-768x1365.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/22-576x1024.png 576w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/22-150x267.png 150w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/22-145x258.png 145w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 45vh, 100vw\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:3.39806%;top:-3.8835%;width:11.65049%;height:7.76699%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-b2cba8be-4954-4a10-a655-444285d4e707\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100.00004%;left:0%;top:-0.00002%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Untitled-design-5-1.png\" alt=\"Untitled design 5\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:16.74757%;top:7.11974%;width:66.74757%;height:17.79935%;opacity:1\">\n<div id=\"anim-855c8e0b-cd08-4a85-88d7-113376e2400a\" class=\"animation-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;--initial-opacity:0;--initial-transform:none\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.7272727272727273% 0.7272727272727273% 0.7272727272727273% 0.7272727272727273% \/ 1.8181818181818181% 1.8181818181818181% 1.8181818181818181% 1.8181818181818181%\" id=\"el-953fd7c1-93f8-4932-8016-af6de7ac2afb\">\n<h2 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.23522727272727192% 0;font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;,sans-serif;font-size:0.744337em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: 700; color: #fff\">Launch &amp; Components<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:6.79612%;top:25.88997%;width:83.73786%;height:21.35922%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% \/ 1.5151515151515151% 1.5151515151515151% 1.5151515151515151% 1.5151515151515151%\" id=\"el-3683c231-ef58-45e5-9941-ce0d45634fb5\">\n<h3 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.37567934782608714% 0;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times&quot;,&quot;Baskerville&quot;,&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;font-size:0.453074em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"color: #fff\">Chandrayaan-2 was launched on July 22, 2019, with an Orbiter, Lander (Vikram), and Rover (Pragyan).<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"1fd497ea-cd96-49a4-9c2d-11a576a75e4b\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script type=\"application\/json\">[{\"selector\":\"#anim-d9d6a537-1e00-44d3-9418-8deecb7e32d0\",\"keyframes\":{\"opacity\":[0,1]},\"delay\":0,\"duration\":600,\"easing\":\"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)\",\"fill\":\"both\"}]<\/script><\/amp-story-animation><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script type=\"application\/json\">[{\"selector\":\"#anim-64b0c49b-2e66-46c4-9548-f74142d8d6a7 [data-leaf-element=\\\"true\\\"]\",\"keyframes\":{\"transform\":[\"translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)\",\"translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)\"]},\"delay\":0,\"duration\":2000,\"fill\":\"forwards\"}]<\/script><\/amp-story-animation><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:#0c2d4f\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div id=\"anim-64b0c49b-2e66-46c4-9548-f74142d8d6a7\" class=\"animation-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-2e06f1be-680b-4484-9b30-72ec530902fe\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/21.png\" alt=\"vikram lander and pragyan rover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/21.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/21-864x1536.png 864w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/21-768x1365.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/21-576x1024.png 576w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/21-150x267.png 150w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/21-145x258.png 145w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 45vh, 100vw\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:3.39806%;top:-3.8835%;width:11.65049%;height:7.76699%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-216c3205-631a-46c1-bfe1-a70a3534bd6e\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100.00004%;left:0%;top:-0.00002%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Untitled-design-5-1.png\" alt=\"Untitled design 5\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:15.29126%;top:9.70874%;width:66.74757%;height:8.57605%;opacity:1\">\n<div id=\"anim-d9d6a537-1e00-44d3-9418-8deecb7e32d0\" class=\"animation-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;--initial-opacity:0;--initial-transform:none\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.7272727272727273% 0.7272727272727273% 0.7272727272727273% 0.7272727272727273% \/ 3.7735849056603774% 3.7735849056603774% 3.7735849056603774% 3.7735849056603774%\" id=\"el-ba9ed45e-77df-48af-b94b-26db793db77a\">\n<h2 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.23522727272727192% 0;font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;,sans-serif;font-size:0.744337em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: 700; color: #fff\">Mission Aim<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:18.4466%;top:19.7411%;width:62.62136%;height:22.81553%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.7751937984496124% 0.7751937984496124% 0.7751937984496124% 0.7751937984496124% \/ 1.4184397163120568% 1.4184397163120568% 1.4184397163120568% 1.4184397163120568%\" id=\"el-9a7f44f3-51e6-47d0-ba1c-45f896ebf88d\">\n<h3 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.5382449127906976% 0;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times&quot;,&quot;Baskerville&quot;,&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;font-size:0.485437em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"color: #fff\">Targeted the Moon\u2019s south polar region to study its <\/span><span style=\"color: #fff\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #fff\">urface and atmosphere.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"1120f100-42cd-4a75-920e-4892b7352622\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script type=\"application\/json\">[{\"selector\":\"#anim-0ad98b17-bf57-4eb5-96ff-1a8cc2b07da9\",\"keyframes\":{\"opacity\":[0,1]},\"delay\":0,\"duration\":600,\"easing\":\"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)\",\"fill\":\"both\"}]<\/script><\/amp-story-animation><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script 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id=\"el-a0b5935a-d912-4531-8b6e-43423ed739c9\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/24.png\" alt=\"moon south pole exploration\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/24.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/24-864x1536.png 864w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/24-768x1365.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/24-576x1024.png 576w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/24-150x267.png 150w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/24-145x258.png 145w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 45vh, 100vw\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:3.39806%;top:-3.8835%;width:11.65049%;height:7.76699%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-52d86d32-fec8-4762-b1c8-e16490bed23a\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100.00004%;left:0%;top:-0.00002%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Untitled-design-5-1.png\" alt=\"Untitled design 5\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:8.00971%;top:6.14887%;width:83.73786%;height:17.63754%;opacity:1\">\n<div id=\"anim-0ad98b17-bf57-4eb5-96ff-1a8cc2b07da9\" class=\"animation-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;--initial-opacity:0;--initial-transform:none\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% \/ 1.834862385321101% 1.834862385321101% 1.834862385321101% 1.834862385321101%\" id=\"el-267c8769-5d86-43e8-aa1a-14564a8ff476\">\n<h2 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.1874999999999994% 0;font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;,sans-serif;font-size:0.744337em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: 700; color: #fff\">Scientific Objectives<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:11.65049%;top:25.08091%;width:76.45631%;height:21.52104%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.6349206349206349% 0.6349206349206349% 0.6349206349206349% 0.6349206349206349% \/ 1.5037593984962405% 1.5037593984962405% 1.5037593984962405% 1.5037593984962405%\" id=\"el-e4319a5a-20fa-466e-a3a7-75c69ead63bd\">\n<h3 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.41145833333333354% 0;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times&quot;,&quot;Baskerville&quot;,&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;font-size:0.453074em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"color: #fff\">Analyze lunar topography, mineralogy, surface chemical composition, and thermo-physical properties.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"5bc2a923-ab5f-4def-8c8e-710b6d08af39\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script type=\"application\/json\">[{\"selector\":\"#anim-6c344e17-53be-4676-be91-ac31a11f6a93\",\"keyframes\":{\"opacity\":[0,1]},\"delay\":0,\"duration\":600,\"easing\":\"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)\",\"fill\":\"both\"}]<\/script><\/amp-story-animation><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script type=\"application\/json\">[{\"selector\":\"#anim-e048d43e-b65d-4d8b-afb2-f84e40fce7f8 [data-leaf-element=\\\"true\\\"]\",\"keyframes\":{\"transform\":[\"translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)\",\"translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)\"]},\"delay\":0,\"duration\":2000,\"fill\":\"forwards\"}]<\/script><\/amp-story-animation><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:#0b2948\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div id=\"anim-e048d43e-b65d-4d8b-afb2-f84e40fce7f8\" class=\"animation-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-c134846e-f9b8-4fd2-9184-7796201a4e9e\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/23.png\" alt=\"isro lunar mission objectives\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/23.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/23-864x1536.png 864w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/23-768x1365.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/23-576x1024.png 576w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/23-150x267.png 150w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/23-145x258.png 145w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 45vh, 100vw\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:3.39806%;top:-3.8835%;width:11.65049%;height:7.76699%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-d82731d0-960e-450b-bd0c-a073068a8d65\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100.00004%;left:0%;top:-0.00002%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Untitled-design-5-1.png\" alt=\"Untitled design 5\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:8.00971%;top:7.11974%;width:83.73786%;height:17.79935%;opacity:1\">\n<div id=\"anim-6c344e17-53be-4676-be91-ac31a11f6a93\" class=\"animation-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;--initial-opacity:0;--initial-transform:none\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% \/ 1.8181818181818181% 1.8181818181818181% 1.8181818181818181% 1.8181818181818181%\" id=\"el-f814bb4e-f7da-406c-9886-e3ee0f690d33\">\n<h2 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.1874999999999994% 0;font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;,sans-serif;font-size:0.744337em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: 700; color: #fff\">Technological Goal<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:11.65049%;top:25.24272%;width:76.45631%;height:15.85761%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.6349206349206349% 0.6349206349206349% 0.6349206349206349% 0.6349206349206349% \/ 2.0408163265306123% 2.0408163265306123% 2.0408163265306123% 2.0408163265306123%\" id=\"el-cdc34812-1d5f-450d-ac4f-1e8f3a609bbb\">\n<h3 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.41145833333333354% 0;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times&quot;,&quot;Baskerville&quot;,&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;font-size:0.453074em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"color: #fff\">Demonstrate soft-landing and rover movement on the Moon&#8217;s surface.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"7654a1df-8afb-4002-adff-90d37a95b2bc\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script type=\"application\/json\">[{\"selector\":\"#anim-7be67454-ed91-4cdd-8110-5e9db6fcdf1b\",\"keyframes\":{\"opacity\":[0,1]},\"delay\":0,\"duration\":600,\"easing\":\"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)\",\"fill\":\"both\"}]<\/script><\/amp-story-animation><amp-story-animation layout=\"nodisplay\" trigger=\"visibility\"><script type=\"application\/json\">[{\"selector\":\"#anim-3e92c009-f6d3-4a6e-8c4d-17286570a200 [data-leaf-element=\\\"true\\\"]\",\"keyframes\":{\"transform\":[\"translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(25%, 0%) scale(1.5)\",\"translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)\"]},\"delay\":0,\"duration\":2000,\"fill\":\"forwards\"}]<\/script><\/amp-story-animation><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:#0a2849\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div id=\"anim-3e92c009-f6d3-4a6e-8c4d-17286570a200\" class=\"animation-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-d7681280-77e3-4131-99db-da5825ac962f\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/25.png\" alt=\"chandrayaan orbiter still working\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/25.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/25-864x1536.png 864w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/25-768x1365.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/25-576x1024.png 576w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/25-150x267.png 150w, https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/25-145x258.png 145w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1024px) 45vh, 100vw\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:3.39806%;top:-3.8835%;width:11.65049%;height:7.76699%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-e4ae4447-e5c2-4bc2-8f01-e2eb16da253f\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100.00004%;left:0%;top:-0.00002%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Untitled-design-5-1.png\" alt=\"Untitled design 5\" disable-inline-width=\"true\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:8.00971%;top:9.87055%;width:83.73786%;height:8.57605%;opacity:1\">\n<div id=\"anim-7be67454-ed91-4cdd-8110-5e9db6fcdf1b\" class=\"animation-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;--initial-opacity:0;--initial-transform:none\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% 0.5797101449275363% \/ 3.7735849056603774% 3.7735849056603774% 3.7735849056603774% 3.7735849056603774%\" id=\"el-ac5598fd-0f2c-4345-ac07-2b9bdddfccc7\">\n<h2 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.1874999999999994% 0;font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;,sans-serif;font-size:0.744337em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"font-weight: 700; color: #fff\">Outcomes<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:14.56311%;top:20.06472%;width:70.63107%;height:26.69903%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;border-radius:0.6872852233676976% 0.6872852233676976% 0.6872852233676976% 0.6872852233676976% \/ 1.2121212121212122% 1.2121212121212122% 1.2121212121212122% 1.2121212121212122%\" id=\"el-2ccbf696-6a05-4a42-a92a-29f392ee1587\">\n<h3 class=\"fill text-wrapper\" style=\"white-space:pre-line;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;margin:-0.44539304123711365% 0;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;Times&quot;,&quot;Baskerville&quot;,&quot;Georgia&quot;,serif;font-size:0.453074em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#000000\"><span><span style=\"color: #fff\">Orbiter remains operational; lander crash was a setback, but mission valuable for future ISRO efforts.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-page-outlink layout=\"nodisplay\" cta-image=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cropped-21.png\" theme=\"dark\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/chandrayaan-2-launch-anniversary\/\" rel=\"\">Read more<\/a><\/amp-story-page-outlink><\/amp-story-page><\/amp-story><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chandrayaan-2 in this short story\u2014India\u2019s 2019 lunar mission to explore the Moon\u2019s south pole with an orbiter, lander, and rover for scientific 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